scholarly journals Determination of carbonyl compounds (acetaldehyde and formaldehyde) in polyethylene terephthalate containers designated for water conservation

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azra Redzepovic ◽  
Marijana Acanski ◽  
Djura Vujic ◽  
Vera Lazic
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
High Degree ◽  
And Storage

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has in the last several years become the main packaging material for many food products, particularly carbonated beverages and bottled water, as well as for products of chemical industry (packaging of various hygiene maintenance agents, pesticides, solvents, etc.). The strength and permeability properties of PET are very good for packaging of beverages, its resistance to chemicals is high and it has a high degree of transparency. Acetaldehyde and formaldehyde are formed during the thermoforming of PET containers. After cooling, acetaldehyde and formaldehyde remain trapped in the walls of a PET bottle and may migrate into the water after filling and storage. Since there are no migration tests in Serbia prescribed for the determination of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde, the purpose of the paper is to test the quantitative contents of carbonyl compounds (acetaldehyde and formaldehyde) in PET containers of different volumes, made by various manufacturers of bottled mineral carbonated and noncarbonated water, and exposed to different temperatures. In this study, the migration of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde from PET bottles into mineral carbonated and noncarbonated water was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Taking into consideration that formaldehyde and acetaldehyde have no UV active or fluorescent group, the chromatography shall be preceded by derivatization in a closed system (due to a low boiling point of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde), which shall transform carbonyl compounds into UV active compounds.

scholarly journals Determination of 11 Low-Molecular-Weight Carbonyl Compounds in Marine Algae by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. da Silva ◽  
M. C. da Cunha Veloso ◽  
E. T. Sousa ◽  
G. Vieira Santos ◽  
M. C. Accioly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Low Molecular Weight

scholarly journals Determination of Carbonyl Compounds in Exhaled Cigarette Smoke

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Moldoveanu ◽  
W Coleman ◽  
J Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Federal Trade Commission ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractThis paper presents the findings on a quantitative evaluation of carbonyl levels in exhaled cigarette smoke from human subjects. The cigarettes evaluated include products with 5.0 mg ‘tar’, 10.6 mg ‘tar’ and 16.2 mg ‘tar’, where ‘tar’ is defined as the weight of total wet particulate matter (TPM) minus the weight of nicotine and water, and the cigarettes are smoked following U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) recommendations. The measured levels of carbonyls in the exhaled smoke were compared with calculated yields of carbonyls in the inhaled smoke and a retention efficiency was obtained. The number of human subjects included a total of ten smokers for the 10.6 mg ‘tar’, five for the 16.2 mg ‘tar’, and five for the 5.0 mg ‘tar’ product, each subject smoking three cigarettes. The analyzed carbonyl compounds included several aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde and n-butyraldehyde), and two ketones (acetone and 2-butanone). The smoke collection from the human subjects was vacuum assisted. Exhaled smoke was collected on Cambridge pads pretreated with a solution of dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the dinitrophenylhydrazones of the carbonyl compounds. The cigarette butts from the smokers were collected and analyzed for nicotine. The nicotine levels for the cigarette butts from the smokers were used to calculate the level of carbonyls in the inhaled smoke, based on calibration curves. These were generated separately by analyzing the carbonyls in smoke and the nicotine in the cigarette butts obtained by machine smoking under different puffing regimes. The comparison of the level of carbonyl compounds in exhaled smoke with that from the inhaled smoke showed high retention of all the carbonyls. The retention of aldehydes was above 95% for all three different ‘tar’ levels cigarettes. The ketones were retained with a slightly lower efficiency. Acetone was retained in the range of 90% to 95%. The retention for 2-butanone showed a larger scatter compared to other results but it also appeared to be slightly less absorbed than the aldehydes, with an average retention around 95%. The retention of acetaldehyde and acetone by human smokers was previously reported in literature and the findings from this study are in very good agreement with these result.

Determination of Ochratoxin A in Cocoa Beans Using Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 884-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Roberts ◽  
Ivan Chang-Yen ◽  
Frances Bekele ◽  
Isaac Bekele ◽  
Lisa Harrynanan
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate Solution ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Immunoaffinity Column ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
High Degree

Abstract A method was developed and validated for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA), a fungal metabolite, in cocoa beans of high fat content. The sample was extracted by blending with a 1% sodium bicarbonate solution (pH 10) followed by ultrasonication, and the sample was defatted by treatment with a flocculant. The defatted sample was purified using immunoaffinity column chromatography, and OTA was detected using HPLC with fluorescence detection. The method was fully optimized, validated, and quality controlled using spike recovery analyses, with recoveries of 89–105% over spiking ranges of 320–2.5 ng/g with CV of analyses generally <10% over 4 consecutive years and an LOQ of 0.66 ng/g in cocoa bean samples. This method overcomes the problems posed by the high fat contents of cocoa and chocolate samples with a high degree of reliability.

Simultaneous determination of acidic 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine metabolites and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1834-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Stroomer ◽  
H Overmars ◽  
N G Abeling ◽  
A H van Gennip
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method ◽  
High Degree

Abstract We describe a simple and rapid quantitative method for the simultaneous determination of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine acid metabolites and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid. After solvent extraction from acidified urine, the acids are analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. For detection and quantification, we used a fluorescence detector in combination with an amperometric detector to obtain a high degree of specificity. Sample preparation and chromatographic analysis can be completed within an hour. Results by the method correlate well with those by a previously used gas-chromatographic method, but the new method is faster and avoids the need for derivatization.

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