scholarly journals McTaggart’s paradox and its consequences

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-242
Author(s):  
Strahinja Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
21St Century ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Temporal Relations ◽  
Philosophy Of Time ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
Contrary View ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mctaggart's Paradox

McTaggart?s explanation of the human understanding of time, which uses the time series, is a significant moment in the history of philosophy, and his attempt to prove time?s unreality had strong but diverse reactions. The majority of thinkers who wrote after him agree that time is indeed real, but the intellectual division that was created around the question of which part of the paradox in dispute will dominate philosophy of time in the 20th and 21st century. It can be concluded that both major theories within this field have an undeniable influence on the division of time series which McTaggart made. After analyzing the paradox, the focus will be on clarifying the debate between tensed and tenseless theorists. The former dispute the claim that the A-series is contradictory and argue that the tensed time is the proper determination of events in time, while the latter claim that the B-series is independent and that time can be determined only by temporal relations. By recognizing the differences between these two lines of thought, it will become easier to understand the nature of their relationship to the time series, namely by considering the ways in which they defend their own and attack the contrary view.

The Constitutive A Priori

1992 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 179-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciela De Pierris
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
A Priori ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Privileged Position ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Structure Of Knowledge

The modem rationalist tradition initiated by Descartes has as one of its central tenets the independence of the human understanding from the senses. Regardless of the different ways in which independence from experience is understood, there is much common ground among the modem views on the a priori. Yet Kant, culminating this tradition, introduces an entirely new conception of the a priori never before articulated in the history of philosophy. This is the notion of elements in knowledge which are independent of experience but nevertheless closely connected, in a special way, with experience.Although for Kant the a priori has a privileged position in the structure of knowledge - as it has for other modem rationalist philosophers - one of the most striking, and often neglected, aspect of his conception of the a priori is the great extent to which it is opposed to foundationalism.

Scene Setting

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Philosophy Of Time ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metaphysics Of Time

Absolute Time studies roughly a century of British metaphysics, starting from the 1640s. This chapter contextualizes this period of history, both philosophically and more widely. It opens with a speedy and extremely selective Cook’s tour of the history of philosophy of time leading up to seventeenth-century philosophy, emphasizing the work of Aristotle and Plotinus. It continues by describing the metaphysics of time found in a variety of early seventeenth-century British philosophers. The final part of this chapter enters into the wider history of the period, discussing non-philosophical reasons that may have played a role in increasing early modern interest in time: horology, chronology, and apocalypse studies.

scholarly journals Ryle’s “Intellectualist Legend” in Historical Context

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Philosophical Inquiry ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Timothy Williamson ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Gilbert Ryle’s distinction between knowledge-how and knowledge-that emerged from his criticism of the “intellectualist legend” that to do something intelligently is “to do a bit of theory and then to do a bit of practice,” and became a philosophical commonplace in the second half of the last century. In this century Jason Stanley (initially with Timothy Williamson) has attacked Ryle’s distinction, arguing that “knowing-how is a species of knowing-that,” and accusing Ryle of setting up a straw man in his critique of “intellectualism.” Examining the use of the terms “intellectualism” and “anti-intellectualism” in the first half of the 20th century, in a wide-ranging debate in the social sciences as well as in philosophy, I show that Ryle was not criticizing a straw man, but a live historical position. In the context of this controversy, Ryle’s position represents a third way between “intellectualism” and “anti-intellectualism,” an option that has largely gone missing in the 21st century discussion. This argument illustrates how history can inform the history of philosophy, and how the history of philosophy can inform contemporary philosophical inquiry.

scholarly journals Philosophy of Education and History of Philosophy: Transformation of the Dialogue between Educators and Philosophers in the 21st Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
O. A. Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Pedagogical Discourse ◽  
Criticism And Interpretation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Scientific Dialogue ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of

The paper examines the problem of transformation of the dialogue between educators and philosophers (within the framework of the scientific dialogue between the philosophy of education and the history of philosophy) in the 21st century. The work implements a perspectivist approach, exploring the interdisciplinary field of philosophy of education and history of philosophy from the position of an actor of science in measuring the dialogue between educators and philosophers. Monographs and scientific papers of 1990–2021 serve as a source material for the study. In the course of the study, the author’s approach to the study of the current state and discussions of the philosophy of education in the perspective of the dialogue between teachers and historians of philosophy has been substantiated. The article generalizes the features of the transformation of the field of philosophy of education in 1990–2021, identifies the periods of change in the dialogue between the philosophy of education and the history of philosophy, highlights the general directions of modern discussions. It is demonstrated that in modern research the dialogue between educators and historians of philosophy occurs at all levels of philosophy of education: the level of methodology; practical developments of thinkers of the past; cultural, social, value context. At the same time, the role of the historian of philosophy is to deepen criticism and interpretation of the pedagogical discourse of the past in response to a specific request from specialist educators, in clarifying certain aspects of philosophy and contextualizing them within the framework of the situation of education. The article shows the importance of studying the historical and philosophical layer of modern problems, indicates the continuing relevance of the study of the philosophy of the past and the work of the historian of philosophy for specialists in various branches of the humanities.

scholarly journals Critics to Metaphysics by Modern Philosophers: A Discourse on Human Beings in Reality

Humaniora ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Frederikus Fios
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Greek Philosopher ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Course

We have entered the 21st century that is popularly known as the era of the development of modern science and technology. Philosophy provides naming for contemporary era as postmodern era. But do we suddenly come to this day and age? No! Because humans are homo viator, persona that does pilgrimage in history, space and time. Philosophy has expanded periodically in the long course of history. Since the days of classical antiquity, philosophy comes with a patterned metaphysical paradigm. This paradigm survives very long in the stage history of philosophy as maintained by many philosophers who hold fast to the philosophical-epistemic claim that philosophy should be (das sollen) metaphysical. Classical Greek philosopher, Aristotle was a philosopher who claims metaphysics as the initial philosophy. Then, Immanuel Kant, Hegel, Heidegger, Marx even Habermas offer appropriate shades of metaphysical philosophy versus spirit of the age. Modern philosophers offer a new paradigm in the way of doing philosophy. The new spirit of modern philosophers declared as if giving criticism on traditional western metaphysics (since Aristotle) that are considered irrelevant. This paper intends to show the argument between traditional metaphysical and modern philosophers who criticize metaphysics. The author will make a philosophical synthesis to obtain enlightenment to the position of human beings in the space of time. Using the method of Hegelian dialectic (thesis-antiteses-synthesis), this topic will be developed and assessed in accordance with the interests of this paper. 

State-by-State Use of AMA Guides

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-7, 16
Keyword(s):  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
The United States ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Federal Employees ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Abstract This article presents a history of the origins and development of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), from the publication of an article titled “A Guide to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment of the Extremities and Back” (1958) until a compendium of thirteen guides was published in book form in 1971. The most recent, sixth edition, appeared in 2008. Over time, the AMA Guides has been widely used by US states for workers’ compensation and also by the Federal Employees Compensation Act, the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act, as well as by Canadian provinces and other jurisdictions around the world. In the United States, almost twenty states have developed some form of their own impairment rating system, but some have a narrow range and scope and advise evaluators to consult the AMA Guides for a final determination of permanent disability. An evaluator's impairment evaluation report should clearly document the rater's review of prior medical and treatment records, clinical evaluation, analysis of the findings, and a discussion of how the final impairment rating was calculated. The resulting report is the rating physician's expert testimony to help adjudicate the claim. A table shows the edition of the AMA Guides used in each state and the enabling statute/code, with comments.

Thorstein Veblen: A View from the 21st Century

2007 ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nureev
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Thorstein Veblen ◽  
History Of

The article provides a description of T. Veblen’s views, showing his place in the history of economic thought. The author analyzes the context of Veblen’s life and work and considers different aspects of his theoretical legacy. Special attention is paid to the discussion of Veblen’s role in the development of institutional economics. The author describes in detail the main trends in the development of institutionalism after Veblen.

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