The Dawn of Maria Genta: Metrics, Textual Criticism and Interpretation in Roi Paez de Ribela B 1439 / V 1049

This article offers a new critical text of a cantiga d’escarnho by Roi Paez de Ribela along with an analysis of problems presented by the metrics, syntax, rhetoric and action of the poem.

Philosophy of Education and History of Philosophy: Transformation of the Dialogue between Educators and Philosophers in the 21st Century

The paper examines the problem of transformation of the dialogue between educators and philosophers (within the framework of the scientific dialogue between the philosophy of education and the history of philosophy) in the 21st century. The work implements a perspectivist approach, exploring the interdisciplinary field of philosophy of education and history of philosophy from the position of an actor of science in measuring the dialogue between educators and philosophers. Monographs and scientific papers of 1990–2021 serve as a source material for the study. In the course of the study, the author’s approach to the study of the current state and discussions of the philosophy of education in the perspective of the dialogue between teachers and historians of philosophy has been substantiated. The article generalizes the features of the transformation of the field of philosophy of education in 1990–2021, identifies the periods of change in the dialogue between the philosophy of education and the history of philosophy, highlights the general directions of modern discussions. It is demonstrated that in modern research the dialogue between educators and historians of philosophy occurs at all levels of philosophy of education: the level of methodology; practical developments of thinkers of the past; cultural, social, value context. At the same time, the role of the historian of philosophy is to deepen criticism and interpretation of the pedagogical discourse of the past in response to a specific request from specialist educators, in clarifying certain aspects of philosophy and contextualizing them within the framework of the situation of education. The article shows the importance of studying the historical and philosophical layer of modern problems, indicates the continuing relevance of the study of the philosophy of the past and the work of the historian of philosophy for specialists in various branches of the humanities.

Medikalisasi dan Sosial Kontrol: Kebijakan terhadap Difabel di Hindia-Belanda Abad XVII-XIX

This study aims to explore the policies of the Dutch colonial government towards people with disabilities. Nowadays, the practice of medicalization of disability remains being carried out, and it causes many losses. This paper explores the historical roots of the problem: why did disability medicalization occur and how? Historiographical studies on disability during the colonial period were still minimal. For this reason, the researcher uses historical research methods (heuristics, source criticism, and interpretation) in this article. This study found that the medicalization of the disability started in 1619 in military hospitals. It was then continued with the establishment of the first mental hospital in 1882 in Bogor. The practice of medicalization of disability carried out by the colonial authorities served as a means of social control.[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kebijakan pemerintah kolonial Belanda terhadap difabel. Dewasa ini praktik medikalisasi disabilitas masih dilakukan dan banyak menyebabkan kerugian. Penelitian menelusuri akar historis masalah tersebut: mengapa medikalisasi disabilitas terjadi dan bagaimana? Studi historiografi tentang disabilitas pada masa kolonial masih sangat terbatas. Untuk itu, peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah (heuristik, kritik sumber, dan interpretasi) dalam artikel ini. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa medikalisasi terhadap difabel telah dilakukan sejak tahun 1619 di rumah sakit militer. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan didirikannya rumah sakit jiwa pertama pada 1882 di Bogor. Praktik medikalisasi disabilitas dilakukan oleh penguasa saat itu berfungsi sebagai alat kontrol sosial di masyarakat.]

Dinamika Pendidikan Dasar Islam Sabilal Muhtadin Banjarmasin (1986-2019)

The development of basic education (TK, SD, SMP) with the name "Sabilal Muhtadin" has a close relationship with the existence of the Masjid Raya Sabilal Muhtadin Banjarmasin. The people of Banjarmasin seem interested in this Islamic-based education. The existence of Sabilal Muhtadin's education becomes important when people have a high enough interest. The purpose of this study is to describe the dynamics of Islamic Primary Education of Sabilal Muhtadin Banjarmasin from 1986 to 2019. This research uses historical methods, refers to primary sources, through interviews with existing educators, as well as documents related to research topics. Continued source criticism and interpretation until the historiography stage. The results of the study show that the Sabilal Muhtadin Islamic Primary Education in Banjarmasin which consists of TK-SD-SMP is part of the education unit under the management of the Sabilal Muhtadin Islamic Education Institute (LPI-SM) Banjarmasin. Kindergarten Islam Sabilal Muhtadin was founded in 1986, SD in 1989 and SMP in 1993, its existence had become the prima donna of its time, this condition has survived until now, however, the development of Islamic basic education Sabilal Muhtadin still has competitiveness and can continue to grow despite experiencing competition with other education based on integrated Islamic education.

PERANAN SULTAN MAHMUD BADARUDDIN II DALAM PERANG PALEMBANG 1819-1821

This study aims to: (1) describe and analyze the background and life history of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II; (2) describe and analyze the Palembang War 1819-1821; (3) describe and analyze the role of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II in the Palembang War 1819-1821; (4) describe and analyze the impact of the Palembang War 1819-1821. This research uses literature method. Data collection is done by collecting written data sources through literature studies in books, journals, theses and the internet. The steps in the research are as follows; heuristics, source criticism and interpretation and historiography. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II is the Sultanate of the Palembang Darussalam Sultanate who is wise in carrying out his leadership; (2) The Palembang War 1819-1821 was divided into three periods, two periods in 1819 and one period in 1821; (3) the Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II resisted the Dutch, who were far superior in weaponry and were able to win the Palembang War in 1819 twice; (4) the impact of this war, namely blocking the Sunsang estuary, abolishing the sultanate and replacing it with residency.

Arti Penting Strategi Perang Toyotomi Hideyoshi dalam Mempersatukan Jepang Tahun 1554-1598

This study aims: 1) to know the background of Toyotomi Hideyoshi to unite Japan, 2) to know Toyotomi Hideyoshi's war strategy to unite Japan 3) to know the political policies initiated by Toyotomi Hideyoshi The method used is the literature method. Collecting data by collecting sources in books, journals, theses and the internet. The steps in the research are as follows, heuristics, source criticism and interpretation and historiography. The research results describe that 1) Toyotomi dedicates himself to Oda Nobunaga who has a vision, and is innovative in various fields, making Toyotomi Hideyoshi a factor in becoming a leader who later replaced Oda Nobunaga as the unifier of Japan. 2) Toyotomi strategy, namely the strategy of balancing, control and command, intelligence and maturity to reap. 3) Political policies initiated by Toyotomi Hideyoshi: Forming a board of 5 administrators, 1588 enforcing a policy of confiscating weapons, holding a national census and cleaning up Rounin, measuring land ownership, improving infrastructure, reforming currencies and prohibiting slave trade.

EVALUATION OF THE SYMBOLED VISUAL ELEMENTS IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PROCESS IN TERMS OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN

Covid-19, a type of the corona virus family, spread from Wuhan, China to the whole world in December 2019 and turned into a pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic, which threatens the whole world, has caused negative situations in the health, education, industry and many other areas of the countries. Since there is no medicine or vaccine to cure this disease (pandemic) yet, experts in the business focus on drug and vaccine development studies, while country governments are making an intense effort to slow down and eliminate its spread. All kinds of platforms and alternatives should be used effectively in the fight against Covid-19. Visual media studies constitute the most important pillar of the struggle for this purpose. It is of great importance to create awareness in people with communication studies prepared in the fight against the disease. In today's intense information abundance and pollution, it is not easy to get the necessary attention from a large part of the society. It is observed that the sensitivity of the society towards these studies (news, articles, posters, etc.) at the beginning decreased significantly over time and started to lose its effect to a great extent. The job of a visual communication designer is getting harder every day in studies related to the pandemic as well as in other subjects. In order to attract the attention of the audience, it is a necessity to go beyond the known design elements and the same style of expression and prepare them in different structures. In the article, the common design elements used from randomly selected samples among different visual communication studies were categorically classified and defined. Since these definitions and classifications are made with a personal point of view, they are open to all kinds of criticism and interpretation. Keywords: Covid-19, visual elements, visual communication, design