scholarly journals Chromosomal evolution and molecular genetic analysis of four species of genus Anas (Aves: Anatidae)

Genetika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
Ali Abu-Almaaty ◽  
Mohamed Hassan ◽  
Neveen El-Bakary ◽  
Sarah Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Diploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Anas Crecca ◽  
Anas Clypeata ◽  
Anas Penelope ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Birds are considered one of the least karyotypically examined animal groups due to their karyotype specificity, i.e. small chromosomes, a large diploid chromosome number and the separation of chromosomes into macro- and microchromosomes. The present work was aimed to investigate the number of chromosomes and their karyological and molecular genetic relationships of four species of genus Anas (Anas crecca, Anas penelope, Anas acuta and Anas clypeata (Family: Anatidae). All four species have the same diploid chromosome number of 2n=80. The four investigated species have shown five pairs of macrochromosomes and the remaining 35 pairs were of microchromosomes. Ten RAPD primers were used for molecular discrimination by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The (PCR) showed polymorphic bands, which were used for the construction of the dendrogram and a similarity matrix. A total of 133 bands were obtained; 37 of them were polymorphic and 27 unique bands. Similarity values among the species under study ranged from 79% to 85%. The highest similarity was between A. Penelope and A. acuta (85%) while the lowest similarity was between A. acuta and A. clypeata (79 %). RAPD analysis confirmed that the four Anas species under study are genetically different from each other and a genetic variation was found between and within the three species tested in this study. The karyotypic features are also suitable as cytotaxonomic markers of Anatidae.

scholarly journals The pattern of genetic diversity of different breeds of pigs based on microsatellite analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-754
Author(s):  
V. R. Kharzinova ◽  
N. A. Zinovieva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Large White ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Republic

One of the main tasks of genetics and animal breeding is the assessment of genetic diversity and the study of genetic relationships between different breeds and populations using molecular genetic analysis methods. We analysed the polymorphism of microsatellites and the information on the state of genetic diversity and the population structure of local breeds in Russia: the Kemerovo, the Berkshire, the Liven, the Mangalitsa, and the Civilian; in the Republic of Belarus: the Large White and the Black-and-White; and in Ukraine: the White Steppe, as well as commercial breeds of imported origin of domestic reproduction: the Large White, the Landrace, and the Duroc. The materials used for this study were the tissue and DNA samples extracted from 1,194 pigs and DNA of the UNU “Genetic material bank of domestic and wild animal species and birds” of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry. Polymorphisms of 10 microsatellites (S0155, S0355, S0386, SW24, SO005, SW72, SW951, S0101, SW240, and SW857) were determined according to the previously developed technique using DNA analyser ABI3130xl. To estimate the allele pool of each population, the average number of alleles (NA), the effective number of alleles (NE ) based on the locus, the rarified allelic richness (AR), the observed (HO ) and expected (HE ) heterozygosity, and the fixation index (FIS) were calculated. The degree of genetic differentiation of the breeds was assessed based on the pairwise values of FST and D. The analysis of the allelic and genetic diversity parameters of the local breeds showed that the maximum and minimum levels of polymorphism were observed in pigs of the Ukrainian White Steppe breed (NA = 6.500, NE = 3.709, and AR = 6.020) and in pigs of the Duroc breed (NA = 4.875, NE = 2.119, and AR = 3.821), respectively. The highest level of genetic diversity was found in the Large White breed of the Republic of Belarus (HO = 0.707 and NE = 0.702). The minimum level of genetic diversity was found in pigs of the imported breeds – the Landrace (HO = 0.459, HE = 0.400) and the Duroc (HO = 0.480, HE = 0.469) – indicating a high selection pressure in these breeds. Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, the genetic origin of Large White pigs, the breeds, from which the Berkshire pigs originated, and the genetic detachment of the Landrace from the Mangalitsa breeds were revealed. The cluster analysis showed a genetic consolidation of the Black-and-White, the Berkshire, and the Mangalitsa pigs. Additionally, the imported breeds with clustering depending on the origin were characterised by a genetic structure different from that of the other breeds. The information obtained from these studies can serve as a guide for the management and breeding strategies of the pig breeds studied, to allow their better use and conservation.

Tracing the remnants of medieval raspberries using molecular markers

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Vesna Novak ◽  
Anton Ivancic ◽  
Andrej Susek ◽  
Metka Sisko
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Microsatellite Data ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Fruit Setting

Our investigation was based on a molecular study of the genetic relationships among raspberry genotypes collected around selected medieval castles, Carthusian monasteries and nearby villages. We assumed that the hypothetical medieval raspberry genotypes could be traced to isolated medieval settlements that used to be highly prosperous during the feudal era but were later abandoned. Some of these genotypes could have survived in natural conditions without seed multiplication for at least three centuries. The molecular genetic analysis was based on microsatellite data. A total of 155 alleles were detected at 18 microsatellite loci. The clustering method grouped the analysed genotypes into seven main clusters. The analyses indicated that the most probable medieval genotypes had been collected around the ruins of two abandoned Carthusian monasteries: Zice and Jurkloster. They were morphologically very similar, vigorous and primitive but obviously not wild genotypes. The plants could be more than 2.3 m high, the canes were medium waxy, the lower and upper parts of the canes were covered by sparse short spines, the mid part was more or less completely smooth, the fully developed leaves were 15–25 cm long and the inflorescences were loose. In addition, the flowers were relatively small, the fruit setting was poor and the fruits were small, ovoid to conical and more aromatic than those of modern cultivars.

Central neurocytoma: morphological, flow cytometric, polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and karyotypic analyses

1999 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venita Jay ◽  
Vern Edwards ◽  
Eelco Hoving ◽  
James Rutka ◽  
Laurence Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Central Neurocytoma ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

✓ The results of cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis of a central neurocytoma are presented. Central neurocytomas are intriguing neoplasms that exhibit primarily neuronal, but also glial characteristics, which indicate an origin from a pluripotential neuroglial precursor. The authors describe an intraventricular neurocytoma in an 11-year-old boy that showed anaplastic features with widespread necrosis and mitoses, as well as extensive calcification and foci that exhibited marked neuronal differentiation with clusters of ganglion cells. Immunohistochemical examination showed prominent synaptophysin and neurofilament positivity and focal glial fibrillary acidic protein positivity. Electron microscopy revealed abundant neuritic processes with microtubules and dense core granules as well as mature ganglion cells. Flow cytometry studies revealed increased S (7.8%) and G2M (9.7%) phase components. Molecular and cytogenetic studies were undertaken to assess whether there were similarities to two other tumor types that exhibit neuronal differentiation, the neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma. Polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed no evidence of amplification of the MYCN oncogene or chromosome 1p deletion, which are common in neuroblastomas. Chromosomal analysis by G banding revealed a complex karyotype, with counts in the near-diploidy range (45–48). Two chromosomes 1 appeared normal on G banding and FISH analysis, with p58 signals present on the distal p arm of both chromosomes 1; however, three additional copies of distal 1q were present in rearrangements with 4 and 7. Although the histological findings indicate a kinship to the neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma, the central neurocytoma appears to have a different karyotypic profile, although more cases need to be assessed using molecular genetic analysis.

The Ikaros gene, a central regulator of lymphoid differentiation, fuses to the BCL6 gene as a result of t(3;7)(q27;p12) translocation in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 2719-2721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Hosokawa ◽  
Yumiko Maeda ◽  
Ryo Ichinohasama ◽  
Ikuo Miura ◽  
Masafumi Taniwaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
B Cell Differentiation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Large B Cell

The BCL6 gene, isolated from the breakpoints of 3q27-associated chromosomal translocations, has been implicated in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBL). Here we describe the molecular characterization of novel t(3;7)(q27;p12) translocations in 2 patients with DLBL. Molecular genetic analysis of the breakpoint area involving BCL6 revealed the presence of the Ikaros gene, a central regulator of lymphoid differentiation that had been mapped to human chromosome 7 band p13-p11.1. As a molecular consequence of the translocation, the 5′ regulatory region of the BCL6 gene was replaced by the putative 5′ regulatory region of theIkaros gene, probably leading to deregulated expression of theBCL6 gene throughout B-cell differentiation. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses of a patient sample established that the t(3;7)(q27;p12) results in fusion of the Ikaros andBCL6 genes. This study provides the first evidence that the Ikaros gene is rearranged in human hematopoietic malignant disorders.

scholarly journals Chickpea genotypes characteristics on resistance to fusarium Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
V. A. Chekalov ◽  
N. E. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Southern Ukraine

Aim. Molecular-genetic analysis of the chickpea genotypes for foc0, foc3, foc4 resistance genes to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris. Methods. Extraction and purification of DNA, spectrophotometry, polymerase chain reaction, electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. Results. 35 chickpea lines and varieties of Ukrainian and foreign breeding characterized according to genotyping on foc0, foc3, foc4 genes of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris by the microsatellite markers TA59, TR19 and TR59. Fragments of the expected size for all markers were obtained for samples, for which the resistance level was fixed to certain races. Match between data on the presence of a amplification fragment of a certain size and resistance level among other samples is not found. Conclusions. For 35 chickpea varieties and lines the allele state of foc0, foc3, foc4 genes of resistance to the F. oxysporum f. sp ciceris races 0, 3, 4 is established. The variety ‘Pam’yat’ is recommended as a control of resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp ciceris races 0, 3, 4 in the southern Ukraine conditions. Keywords: chickpea, genes, molecular markers, fusarios, resistance.

Histologic Analysis of Gonadal Tissue in Patients with Ullrich-Turner Syndrome and Derivative Y Chromosomes

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-C. Horn ◽  
A. Limbach ◽  
W. Hoepffner ◽  
R.B. Tröbs ◽  
E. Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chromosomal Sequences

To identify patients who had Ullrich-Turner syndrome (UTS) and were at risk for gonadoblastoma or associated germ cell tumors, molecular genetic analysis was carried out to detect Y chromosomal sequences. From peripheral blood samples of 5 patients who had cytogenetically confirmed UTS, genomic DNA was extracted and screened for Y chromosomal sequences by polymerase chain reaction. The morphology of the gonadal tissues was compared with results from polymerase chain reaction. Three phenotypic females showed UTS mosaicism with normal X chromosome accompanied by Y chromosomal material, and 2 patients showed marker chromosomes. Molecular analysis represented loci PABY, SRY, ZFY, TSPY, DYZ3, DYZ1 DXYS, 19Y, DYS-273, DYS-148, DYS218, DYS224, and DYZ1. Three patients showed gonadal tumors (1 with unilateral gonadoblastoma, 1 with unilateral dysgerminoma, and 1 patient had both tumors in 1 gonad). Molecular genetic screening for Y chromosomal sequences may be useful as an additional tool for the identification of patients at risk for a gonadal tumor. Careful, complete processing, including step sectioning, of the gonadectomy specimens to detect small lesions is recommended.

scholarly journals ITGA4, ITGB7, TNFα, IL10 genes polymorphisms in the ethnic Buryat patients with ulcerative colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Zhilin ◽  
E. Yu. Chashkova ◽  
A. A. Zhilina ◽  
A. Ch. Tsyrempilova
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Worldwide studies of genetic material, polymorphisms and prognostic gene models for immune-associated disorders have established differences in trans-ethnic population cohorts, which determine phenotypic and other characteristics of the course of these diseases. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a  chronic immune inflammation of the colon mucosa. More than 100 gene polymorphisms associated with multiple integrated cross-talks have been discovered.Aim: To study the ITGA4, ITGB7, TNFα, IL10 genes polymorphisms in patients with ulcerative colitis belonging to the Buryat ethnic group and living in Irkutsk region, Buryat Republic and Transbaikal territory.Materials and methods: The study included a total of 49 subjects, 24 of them being UC patients and 25 healthy volunteers, compatible in gender, age and ethnic background. The molecular genetic analysis by real time polymerase chain reaction was performed with DNA samples from whole peripheral blood leucocytes.Results: The differences in the prevalence of the ITGA4(rs1143674, rs1449263), ITGB7(rs11574532), TNFα(rs1800629), and IL10(rs1800871) genotypes were non-significant (р>0.05). The IL10(rs1800896) GG homozygote patients had higher odds ratio (OR) for UC compared to the carriers of other polymorphisms (OR 24; 95%  confidence interval (CI) 2.783–206.969; р=0.001). The AA homozygote type was less frequent among UC patients compared to healthy volunteers (OR 0.17; 95%  CI 0.049–0.589; р=0.004). The analysis of genotype frequency distribution of all studied genes including clinical characteristics of the disease showed no significant results (р>0.05). The binary logistic regression analysis has shown that IL10(rs1800896)GG was an UC predictor with sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 50%  (AUC 0.760; 95% CI 0.621–0.899; p=0.002; standard error 0.71).Conclusion: The GG genotype of IL10(rs1800896) is a  UC predictor, whereas the AA genotype is significantly more prevalent among healthy subjects of the Buryat cohort. 

scholarly journals Apo E gene polymorphism in patients with metabolic syndrome and cognitive disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-428
Author(s):  
I. B. Zueva ◽  
A. S. Ulitina ◽  
D. N. Ghorab ◽  
M. V. Moskalenko ◽  
M. V. Dubina
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Allelic Variant ◽  
Apo E ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Design And Methods

Objective. Тс determine allelic variants frequencies caused by Apo E polymorphism in patients with metabolic syndrome and cognitive dysfunction (CD). Design and methods. 54 participants had undergone anthropometric measurements, blood examination (glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides), molecular genetic analysis (polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragments length polymorphism) and neuropsychological tests. Results. Allelic variant s4 of Apo E is an unfavourable factor contributing to the development of CD, depression, anxiety disorders. Allelic variant s2 of Apo E is protective factor in relation to the development of depression.

The Ikaros gene, a central regulator of lymphoid differentiation, fuses to the BCL6 gene as a result of t(3;7)(q27;p12) translocation in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 2719-2721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Hosokawa ◽  
Yumiko Maeda ◽  
Ryo Ichinohasama ◽  
Ikuo Miura ◽  
Masafumi Taniwaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
B Cell Differentiation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Large B Cell

Abstract The BCL6 gene, isolated from the breakpoints of 3q27-associated chromosomal translocations, has been implicated in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBL). Here we describe the molecular characterization of novel t(3;7)(q27;p12) translocations in 2 patients with DLBL. Molecular genetic analysis of the breakpoint area involving BCL6 revealed the presence of the Ikaros gene, a central regulator of lymphoid differentiation that had been mapped to human chromosome 7 band p13-p11.1. As a molecular consequence of the translocation, the 5′ regulatory region of the BCL6 gene was replaced by the putative 5′ regulatory region of theIkaros gene, probably leading to deregulated expression of theBCL6 gene throughout B-cell differentiation. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses of a patient sample established that the t(3;7)(q27;p12) results in fusion of the Ikaros andBCL6 genes. This study provides the first evidence that the Ikaros gene is rearranged in human hematopoietic malignant disorders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document