scholarly journals Critical sustainability and energy consumption in urban transport

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-170
Author(s):  
Miomir Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Third World ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The Third World ◽  
American Cities

Industrialized countries are exploiting the world energy resources very quickly (although they do not have enough of their own energy reserves). On the other hand, population of the Third world simply exploded during the last few decades. Hence, the real problem may occur if the Third world metropolises follow the example of the auto-dependent, low density suburban development of American cities. The effects will be disastrous: 14 times more energy consumption and 9 times higher emissions of CO2 (in the sphere of urban transportation).

Global urbanization and urban water: can sustainability be afforded?

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli Varis ◽  
László Somlyódy
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Third World ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
World Population ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World

Urbanization is definitely one of the most characteristic global changes of today and of the coming few decades. Whereas the world population grows with almost one billion per decade, around four fifths of this growth is in urban areas. The challenges due to the development of urban centers, especially great urban agglomerations in developing countries in a sustainable way are huge. Water is one of the key figures in this equation. It has many roles; this paper discusses sustainable urban water infrastructure. First, solutions and experiences from the industrialized countries are summarized, and possibilities and difficulties to adapt them to large urban areas of the Third World are discussed. A particular focus in the affordability issue is taken. Various development indicators and their applicability are discussed. A summary and discussion on technical, economical, financial, and institutional alternatives follows.

Does Licensing of Drugs in Industrialized Countries Guarantee Drug Quality and Safety for Third World Countries? The Case of Norplant Licensing in Finland

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeva Ollila ◽  
Elina Hemminki
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Third World ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Clinical Documentation ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Swedish Data

Norplant® implantable contraceptives were developed mainly for use in Third World countries, but first were approved for marketing in Finland in 1983 and in Sweden in 1985. Since then Norplant has been approved in more than 40 countries, most of them in the Third World. The authors analyzed the clinical documentation submitted to the Finnish and Swedish drug control authorities, and the assessments made of the data. The Finnish review process lasted for three years, and the number of data increased substantially during that time. The authors have not been allowed to publish the clinical data submitted in Finland, but a reconstruction from the Swedish data showed that the clinical data were of poor quality and were mainly focused on assessing efficacy. Side effects, acceptability, and requirements of the health care system for proper use of Norplant were poorly studied. This example of Norplant licensing in Finland shows that licensing of drugs in industrialized countries is insufficient for guaranteeing their safety in Third World countries.

Have Agricultural Economists Neglected Poverty Issues? (The Distinguishedl Lecture)

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (4I) ◽  
pp. 551-578
Author(s):  
William C. Thlesenhusen
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Industrial Country ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
Black Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Third World

In the short term one can be pessimistic about the collective progress of the Third World and its interactions with industrial countries. There is plenty of bad news. With one-quarter of the world's population, industrialized countries consume about 80 percent of the world's goods. With three-quarters of the world's population, developing countries command less than one-quarter of the world's resources. And the imbalance is growing worse.! Of the 2.7 billion people in the tropical and subtropical regions outside of China, 40 percent live in poverty; more than 14 million of their children under 5 years of age starve to death or die of disease each year? Furthermore, at the same time as an increasing proportion of the population of Africa is composed of young people (65 percent of its population is now under age 25), education budgets are being cut - from $ 10.8 billion in 1980 to $ 5.8 billion in 1986.3 In an article assessing the globalization of economies, Richard J. Barnet writes: "Poverty, population pressures, civil war, and repression are turning Sub-Saharan Africa - black Africa minus South Africa and Namibia - into a giant disaster zone, and in countries in South America, such as Colombia and Peru, the civil society is dissolving. In the Philippines more than seventy percent of the population is poor by any human standard. With the end of the Cold War, the increasing marginalization of the Third World appears likely."4 The predictions are ominous. Barnet concludes his article, written before the crisis in Iraq, by speaking to an industrial-country audience: "There is no real north-south dialogue, and politicians in the industrial world feel little pressure to begin one.

scholarly journals Another Development in Health

1970 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Lebanese American University
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Health Care ◽  
General Health ◽  
Third World ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Dag Hammarskjold

A seminar on "Another Development in Health," organized in June 1977 at the Dag Hammarskjold Center at Uppsala, Sweden, declared that the crisis in health care "is not limited to the Third World but is becoming increasingly evident in the industrialized countries as well." It was made clear that development based on economic growth is not a guarantee of general health and welfare unless it is man-centered and works to improve the quality of life that man is leading.

World Energy Dynamics: 1969–1989

1975 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
North America ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Third World ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Energy Dynamics ◽  
World Energy

‘Integrative’ computer modeling, a method for analyzing policy implications, was used to project the international energy situation until 1989. The increasing dependence of the industrialized countries on Third World energy resources indicated a vulnerability to supply interuptions in those countries. Policy changes aimed at reducing this vulnerability were modeled. Alternatives for limiting energy consumption in industrialized countries proved more effective than alternatives for increasing the production of energy in those countries. The analysis centered on North America as the industrialized region which is most rapidly becoming dependent on Third World resources.

scholarly journals Training in Third World Countries: The International Civil Defense Organization (ICDO)

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Milan Bodi
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Technological Disaster ◽  
State Service ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World

The International Civil Defense Organization (ICDO) is helping a large proportion of the Third World Countries where Civil Protection is considered, promoted and organized as a State Service, an obligation of the Authorities toward the population to save it from the devastating effects of a natural or technological disaster or the after-effects of a serious accident. The absence of the industrialized countries within the ICDO has not prevented the poor countries from developing a protection and safety system within the Technical Cooperation Program of ICDO, by their own efforts and with their own resources. The system is based on intervention units, which although sometimes in their embryonic stages, are already capable, however, of administering emergency first aid. Hence the keen interest of those countries in resuscitation techniques.

Teaching Physiology in Developing Countries: Report of a Meeting

Physiology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 269-270
Author(s):  
George Somjen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Third World ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World

The meeting was a satellite of the XXX1 IUPS Congress. Participants from 33 countries developed recommendations relating to the teaching of physiology in the Third World. Some concerns of our Third World colleagues will sound familiar to readers from the industrialized countries!

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