Modeling Long-Term Housing Recovery after Technological Disaster Using a Virtual Audit with Repeated Photography

Many communities face risks of technological disasters at fertilizer plants and other facilities. Understanding damage and rebuilding of housing supports planners in implementing policies that will enable recovery. Using repeat photography, this study audited housing rebuilding in West, Texas for three years following an explosion. Photos were combined with appraisal data to understand variation in rebuilding across parcels. Results indicate that rebuilding slows dramatically after year 1, leaving many parcels vacant three years post-disaster. Parcels with higher pre-disaster values were more likely to be completely rebuilt. Planners need targeted programming to support rebuilding of lower-value homes and address vacancies.

Community resilience: Measuring social and political vulnerability in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

The scope of policy issues surrounding emergency management remains inundated with several social and political challenges. There are specific events that cause added strain which make certain time periods for examining levels of resiliency relevant. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill represents a large-scale, technological disaster. Not only was there a loss of human life, but several community impacts also exist with the oil having spewed out into the water. Still, what impacts—that is, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors—are associated with varying population groups that may be more vulnerable than others? Examining the connection between social capital and political trust is, thus, paramount as prior studies have documented that if resiliency networks are disrupted, there will be a lasting impact upon the community. This research extends the limited understanding of case-based perceptions of social and political vulnerability regarding disaster responsibility.

Improving Disaster Response Plans With STECA

In order to have immediate and effective management of crises and emergencies, natural and technological disaster response plans are created. These plans define the elements of a system responsible to manage a disaster, their roles, and responsibilities together with their interactions. In some cases, however, the system which is formed based on these plans fails to perform as desired. This paper proposes the utilization of systems theoretic early concept analysis (STECA) as an effective approach to efficiently identify loopholes in existing disaster response plans. STECA was applied to the formal evacuation plan of Greece's Civil Protection Agency due to forest fires and identified thirty one loopholes that were validated against the official prosecutors' investigation reports of the 2018 “Mati” forest fire tragedy in Athens, Greece.

Analysis of Complexities in Natech Disaster Risk Reduction and Management: A Case Study of Cilegon, Indonesia

Complex disasters may occur as a result of a natural disaster combined with an industrial or a technological disaster. These are also called “natural-hazard triggered technological (natech) disasters.” Currently, there is increasing awareness of the hazards of these natech disasters. Natural disasters could trigger a technological disaster including oil spills and the release of hazardous and flammable materials and toxic chemicals, causing cascading events. The impact of the damage on public health and safety could be catastrophic, as it may result in massive loss of life, environmental destruction, and asset and property loss. Moreover, it could cause business disruptions and affect a country’s reputation. This paper describes a case study on the application of disaster risk reduction and management for natech disasters in Cilegon, Indonesia. We introduce the analysis of risk assessment conducted in Cilegon, the preparedness of the Cilegon City government, a contingency plan that has been developed, and the state of disaster preparedness in industrial zones. Natural and technological disaster risks as well as several emergency preparedness efforts are discussed and multiple stakeholders are identified. The paper serves as a foundation for future research to address natech disasters.

LANDSLIDE HAZARD MAPPING NEAR THE ADMIRAL ÁLVARO ALBERTO NUCLEAR COMPLEX, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL.

Technological accidents can be vast in scope and require a rapid response to evacuate the affected region. Access routes to nuclear power stations are essential for the preparation of emergency plans in the event of technological disasters. The Admiral Álvaro Alberto Nuclear Power Plant (Central Nuclear Almirante Álvaro Alberto - CNAAA) in Angra dos Reis, Brazil, is located in a region with high rainfall and rugged terrain. This article presents digital image processing and geoprocessing procedures for mapping landslide-susceptible areas and landslide scars associated with the CNAAA access routes. Digital Elevation Models and their derivations were used to identify landslide-susceptible areas, and LANDSAT images were used to map the land cover. The information was superimposed, and the hazard areas and potential landslide scars were mapped. Most of the study area is medium or high risk for landslide events. Landslides scars mapping achieved over 50% of accuracy representing a potential methodology for the risk assessment and landslides monitoring in the study area. The results demonstrate that further and detailed studies must be performed in the areas in order to maintain the access roads available for eventual evacuations in a technological disaster event.