scholarly journals Training in Third World Countries: The International Civil Defense Organization (ICDO)

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Milan Bodi
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Technological Disaster ◽  
State Service ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World

The International Civil Defense Organization (ICDO) is helping a large proportion of the Third World Countries where Civil Protection is considered, promoted and organized as a State Service, an obligation of the Authorities toward the population to save it from the devastating effects of a natural or technological disaster or the after-effects of a serious accident. The absence of the industrialized countries within the ICDO has not prevented the poor countries from developing a protection and safety system within the Technical Cooperation Program of ICDO, by their own efforts and with their own resources. The system is based on intervention units, which although sometimes in their embryonic stages, are already capable, however, of administering emergency first aid. Hence the keen interest of those countries in resuscitation techniques.

Global urbanization and urban water: can sustainability be afforded?

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli Varis ◽  
László Somlyódy
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Third World ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
World Population ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World

Urbanization is definitely one of the most characteristic global changes of today and of the coming few decades. Whereas the world population grows with almost one billion per decade, around four fifths of this growth is in urban areas. The challenges due to the development of urban centers, especially great urban agglomerations in developing countries in a sustainable way are huge. Water is one of the key figures in this equation. It has many roles; this paper discusses sustainable urban water infrastructure. First, solutions and experiences from the industrialized countries are summarized, and possibilities and difficulties to adapt them to large urban areas of the Third World are discussed. A particular focus in the affordability issue is taken. Various development indicators and their applicability are discussed. A summary and discussion on technical, economical, financial, and institutional alternatives follows.

Environmental characteristics and organizational ideology: UNCTAD—the lessons of 1964

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-160
Author(s):  
Javed A. Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Negotiated Settlement ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Rich Countries

THE United Nations Conference on Trade and Development came nto existence in 1964. Its creation was viewed with a degree of cautious enthusiasm by the Third World and with a certain amount of apprehension by the rich countries. Its performance has dampened the enthusiasm and heightened the apprehension. Its contribution to substantive changes in trade policies has not been spectacular. Whatever improvement in commodity prices and hence in the terms of trade of the poor countries that occurred in the early 1970s was attributable to fortuitous circumstances – not to a negotiated settlement between the rich and poor countries, enabling the latter to retain a larger portion of the gains from trade. Can we3 therefore3 say that UNGTAD has been ineffective? That it has failed to perform its global task? And if so, what is the cause of this failure? Is the organizational ideology unsuitable in the sense that it is not representative of the national objectives of viable coalitions among UNGTAD constituents? Or has the leadership failed to evolve a strategy which links the pursuit of specific sub-goals to the transformation of the system in accordance with the organizational ideology? This present paper attempts to look at the first question and to venture an opinion on the effectiveness of UNGTAD in the light of these findings.

Does Licensing of Drugs in Industrialized Countries Guarantee Drug Quality and Safety for Third World Countries? The Case of Norplant Licensing in Finland

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeva Ollila ◽  
Elina Hemminki
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Third World ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Clinical Documentation ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Swedish Data

Norplant® implantable contraceptives were developed mainly for use in Third World countries, but first were approved for marketing in Finland in 1983 and in Sweden in 1985. Since then Norplant has been approved in more than 40 countries, most of them in the Third World. The authors analyzed the clinical documentation submitted to the Finnish and Swedish drug control authorities, and the assessments made of the data. The Finnish review process lasted for three years, and the number of data increased substantially during that time. The authors have not been allowed to publish the clinical data submitted in Finland, but a reconstruction from the Swedish data showed that the clinical data were of poor quality and were mainly focused on assessing efficacy. Side effects, acceptability, and requirements of the health care system for proper use of Norplant were poorly studied. This example of Norplant licensing in Finland shows that licensing of drugs in industrialized countries is insufficient for guaranteeing their safety in Third World countries.

Have Agricultural Economists Neglected Poverty Issues? (The Distinguishedl Lecture)

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (4I) ◽  
pp. 551-578
Author(s):  
William C. Thlesenhusen
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Industrial Country ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
Black Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Third World

In the short term one can be pessimistic about the collective progress of the Third World and its interactions with industrial countries. There is plenty of bad news. With one-quarter of the world's population, industrialized countries consume about 80 percent of the world's goods. With three-quarters of the world's population, developing countries command less than one-quarter of the world's resources. And the imbalance is growing worse.! Of the 2.7 billion people in the tropical and subtropical regions outside of China, 40 percent live in poverty; more than 14 million of their children under 5 years of age starve to death or die of disease each year? Furthermore, at the same time as an increasing proportion of the population of Africa is composed of young people (65 percent of its population is now under age 25), education budgets are being cut - from $ 10.8 billion in 1980 to $ 5.8 billion in 1986.3 In an article assessing the globalization of economies, Richard J. Barnet writes: "Poverty, population pressures, civil war, and repression are turning Sub-Saharan Africa - black Africa minus South Africa and Namibia - into a giant disaster zone, and in countries in South America, such as Colombia and Peru, the civil society is dissolving. In the Philippines more than seventy percent of the population is poor by any human standard. With the end of the Cold War, the increasing marginalization of the Third World appears likely."4 The predictions are ominous. Barnet concludes his article, written before the crisis in Iraq, by speaking to an industrial-country audience: "There is no real north-south dialogue, and politicians in the industrial world feel little pressure to begin one.

The Drugging of the Third World

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Silverman ◽  
Philip R. Lee ◽  
Mia Lydecker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Third World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
Product Effectiveness ◽  
Drug Regulatory Agencies ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Domestic Companies

This article reports an investigation of the promotion of more than 500 products marketed by over 150 pharmaceutical companies in the United States, Great Britain, Latin America, Africa, and Asia. In contrast to the promotional material provided to physicians in the United States and Great Britain, material presented to physicians in Third World countries was found to be marked by gross exaggeration of product effectiveness and minimized or completely omitted potential hazards. No substantial differences could be found between multinational and domestic companies, brand-name and generic firms, or companies based in capitalist nations and those in socialist or communist-bloc countries in terms of the adequacy and accuracy of their promotion. Little evidence was found to support industry claims that the discrepancies in promotion reflect the different policies of various drug regulatory agencies. Much of the promotion concerned “luxury products,” including costly tonics and appetite stimulants marketed in poor countries where the pressing need is for food. Bribery of influential physicians and key governmental officials may play an important role in irrational drug promotion and use in the Third World. Some of the proposed corrective approaches to this problem are examined.

Do Cities ‘Modernize’ the Developing Countries? An Examination of the South Asian Experience

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Qadeer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Third World ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The City

The City is a civilizing influence. This is one of the enduring themes of western thought. The crowding, filth, and exploitation of the industrial city in nineteenth-century Europe could not dampen the enthusiasm of urbanists such as Weber, Ruskin, or Spengler; nor is there any dearth of eulogizers of today‘s sprawling megalopolis. This mode of thought has also found its way into the poor countries of the third world, where the overwhelming majority lives in isolated villages. The current message for them is to seek urbanization if they want to be prosperous. This is the essence of a now familiar proposition that cities are necessary for economic development.

scholarly journals Conventional Economic Concepts Challenged Poor Countries Must Develop the Mass Sector

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
M. A. Hussein Mullick
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Nonformal Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Pattern ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Third World

"Development Reconsidered" [6] is not just another addition to the numerous books already published on aid and development over the past two decades. It is something else. The authors try to develop a different approach to the whole process of social change. They do this by critically examining some of the myths and fictions attached to conventional economic concepts. In doing this they either draw heavily on their own personal observations or if that is not sufficient, they try to dig out relevant findings from the writings of other scholars. The book is divided into nine chapters. The subjects treated include, development reconsidered, efficient use of manpower, modernising agriculture and industry, and the significance of nonformal education. There is also one full chapter devoted to the role of the United States in the development of the Third World. The main thesis of the book as I understand is "Hitherto development has promoted a dualistic economic pattern in which only the privileged few have fattened themselves and the rest continue to suffer", This "oasis in the desert" development pattern as the authors call it is not development inducing, but development retarding.

scholarly journals Another Development in Health

1970 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Lebanese American University
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Health Care ◽  
General Health ◽  
Third World ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Dag Hammarskjold

A seminar on "Another Development in Health," organized in June 1977 at the Dag Hammarskjold Center at Uppsala, Sweden, declared that the crisis in health care "is not limited to the Third World but is becoming increasingly evident in the industrialized countries as well." It was made clear that development based on economic growth is not a guarantee of general health and welfare unless it is man-centered and works to improve the quality of life that man is leading.

scholarly journals Critical sustainability and energy consumption in urban transport

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-170
Author(s):  
Miomir Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Third World ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The Third World ◽  
American Cities

Industrialized countries are exploiting the world energy resources very quickly (although they do not have enough of their own energy reserves). On the other hand, population of the Third world simply exploded during the last few decades. Hence, the real problem may occur if the Third world metropolises follow the example of the auto-dependent, low density suburban development of American cities. The effects will be disastrous: 14 times more energy consumption and 9 times higher emissions of CO2 (in the sphere of urban transportation).

scholarly journals Antipoverty: England's first development education organisation (1971-1974)

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Harrison
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Third World ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Action Projects ◽  
The Third World

The Antipoverty Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) founded by O. G. Thomas was the first development education organisation in England. During the early 1970s it aimed to increase young people's understanding of Third World issues through regional 'study-action' projects. This meant that learning about people's lives in economically poor countries should lead to action for change, either in those countries or within England. Learning from a farming community in South Korea and housing settlements in Kenya and India are examples of Antipoverty projects. Antipoverty heralded the emergence of development education in England as more than learning about aid and poverty for the Third World but rather a process that involves everyone.

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