scholarly journals Associative relations of Serbian adjectives in the free association verbal test

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Milena Jakic-Simsic
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Free Association ◽  
The Other ◽  
Association Tests ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Associative Relation ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Verbal Test ◽  
Quantitative Results

Previous research on the associative relations of adjectives is not unanimous in terms of whether participants more often respond by using nouns or adjectives in free association tests. On the other hand, when it comes to paradigmatic associative relationships, researchers agree that native speakers respond to adjective stimuli mostly by associations of opposite meaning, but generally do not state the percentage, since conclusions are often made on the basis of the dominant associate, and not upon the entire associative field. Therefore, 45 associative fields of adjectives of the Serbian language are analyzed based on the material obtained from two associative dictionaries, prepared on the basis of the responses of 800 participants (ranging from 18 to 25 years of age) and 1,200 participants of different ages (groups of 5, 9, 13 and 17 years of age, each of which comprised 300 participants). The aim of this study is to examine the ratio of syntagmatic and paradigmatic associations of adjectives, as well as the paradigmatic type of relation between the adjective-type stimuli and their associates (the closeness and the oppositeness of meaning and other types of associative relations). The material was annotated according to parts of speech, as well as according to the types of associative relations. The quantitative results showed that the associations of examined adjectives are slightly more frequently syntagmatic (52%) than paradigmatic (44%), while the oppositeness of meaning proved to be the most common as well as the strongest associative relation of commonly used adjectives of the Serbian language.

scholarly journals Analysis of Request for Proposals in Construction Industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Tkáč ◽  
Radoslav Delina ◽  
Martina Sabolová
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Single Case ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pareto Analysis ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Potential Client ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Main Barrier

<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this paper is to identify and determine reasons why construction companies reject some of the request for proposals (RFPS) suitable for them. <br /><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> The research has several parts. Within the first part the list of reasons which lead to rejection of RFPS and thus potential client are identified. Then the comparison of differences between groups of rejected RFPS with different configuration is made. The last part of research use Pareto analysis to determine most obvious and most costly reasons of rejection of RFPS. <br /><strong>Findings:</strong> The paper identifies 12 reasons, why construction companies decline to prepare proposal for their potential clients. It also doesn’t confirm that configuration of RFPS has significant impact on the rejection of RFPS. Moreover the results on the other hand showed that insufficient trust represent the main barrier which influences the rejection of RFPS in selected company.<br /><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> The main limitation of the research is that it is based on single case study. Although, the quantitative results have to be generalised very carefully, on the other hand paper provide list of the possible reasons why construction companies decline to compete for an offer. <br /><strong>Originality/Value of paper:</strong> The paper provides unique perspective because apart from traditional attitude, where only the submitted RFPS are evaluated, this paper analyses rejected RFPS and tries to identify and determine reasons why construction companies decide not to prepare proposal and thus reduce the possibility to acquire new contract.</p>

scholarly journals Strategies of Impoliteness in Japanese Spontaneous Talks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Calvetti
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Bulletin Board ◽  
Bulletin Board System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Board System

If, on the one hand, Japanese language, with its richness of marked allomorphs used for honorifics, has been considered one of the most attractive languages to investigate the phenomenon of politeness, on the other hand, a very small number of studies have been devoted to Japanese impoliteness, most of them limited to BBSs’ (Bulletin Board System) chats on Internet. Interestingly, Japanese native speakers declare, in general, that their language has a very limited number of offensive expressions and that ‘impoliteness’ is not a characteristic of their mother tongue. I tried to analyse some samples of spontaneous conversations taken from YouTube and other multimedia repertoires, in order to detect the main strategies used in Japanese real conversations to cause offence or to show a threatening attitude toward the partner’s face. It seems possible to state that, notwithstanding the different ‘cultural’ peculiarities, impoliteness shows, also in Japanese, a set of strategies common to other languages and that impoliteness, in terms of morphology, is not a mirror counterpart of keigo.

Effects of Handedness and Script Types on Visual-Field Differences in the Mental Addition Task

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-376
Author(s):  
Kazuhito Yoshizaki ◽  
Takeshi Hatta ◽  
Kumiko Toyama
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Cerebral Lateralization ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Mental Addition ◽  
Addition Task ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference

The effects of handedness and script types on the difference in performance in a mental addition task by visual field were examined. Right-handers, nonfamilial left-handers, and familial left-handers who were all native speakers of Japanese were asked to add two numbers presented in the visual half-fields tachistoscopically. The two numbers were displayed either to one visual field (left or right visual field) or to the center. The numbers were displayed in Arabic, in Kanji, or in Arabic and Kanji numerals (one in Arabic and the other in Kanji: Mixed stimuli). The subjects were asked to add the two numbers and to state the sum orally. In the righthanders group, a right visual-field advantage was found for the Arabic condition but not for the Kanji or Mixed stimuli. On the other hand, in the nonfamilial and familial left-handers group, no visual-field difference in any of the conditions was found. These findings suggest that pattern of cerebral lateralization for familial and nonfamilial left-handers is the same but it is different from that of right-handers.

Contribution to the Study of the Death-rate of Persons in Asylums

1879 ◽  
Vol 25 (109) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Arthur Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
General Community

In the population of Scotch Asylums, there are so few persons below the age of 10 years that, for practical purposes, it may be correctly said there are none. of the general community, on the other hand, 25·6 per cent. are persons below that age. It is clear, therefore, that the death-rate of the population of asylums cannot properly be compared with the death-rate of the general population. To make such a comparison it is necessary to deal only with the deaths occurring among the 74·4 per cent. of the general community who are above the age of 10 years. When this is done, it appears that the mean annual death-rate for the general population is 1·7 per cent. as compared with 8·3 per cent. for the population of asylums. These figures refer to the whole population of asylums, and to the whole of the general population above the age of 10 years; but in order to show the rates at which persons of different ages die in asylums, and the rates at which persons of corresponding ages die in the general community, the following table has been prepared. It is founded on 3,800 deaths occurring during the seven years, 1870–1876, in the Asylums of Scotland, which had a mean population of 6,421 during those years.

Wie Zijn 'Onze' Leerders?

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Anne-Mieke Janssen-van Dieten
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
The One

There is an increasing awareness that the number of non-native speakers in the category of 'adult, highly educated, advanced L2-learners' is rapidly increasing. This paper presents an analysis of what it means to teach them a second language - whether it is Dutch or any other second language. It is argued that, on the one hand, conceptions about language learning and teaching are insufficiendy known, and that, on the other hand, there are many widespread misconceptions that prevent language teachers from catering adequately for people's actual communicative needs, and from providing tailor-made solutions to these problems.

Estimation of Aflatoxin in Corn by “Dockage” Assay

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1304-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M Johnson ◽  
Walter T Greenaway ◽  
William P Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Tlc Plates ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Ground Corn

Abstract A method of analyzing corn for aflatoxin was developed by assaying only the broken corn, foreign material, and chaff (dockage). Only 1 out of 21 commercial ground corn samples to which corn containing aflatoxin was added gave positive results for aflatoxin. On the other hand, all “Dockage” portions sieved from these same samples gave positive results. The procedure consists of streaking corn extracts on preparative coated sheets for cleanup, separation, and identification. If quantitative results are desired, fluorescent areas are collected and spotted on TLC plates for identification under UV light.

scholarly journals Immediate and Distracted Imitation in Second-Language Speech: Unreleased Plosives In English

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Rojczyk ◽  
Andrzej Porzuczek ◽  
Marcin Bergier
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Word Boundary ◽  
Linguistic Difference ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Rate ◽  
No Release

The paper investigates immediate and distracted imitation in second-language speech using unreleased plosives. Unreleased plosives are fairly frequently found in English sequences of two stops. Polish, on the other hand, is characterised by a significant rate of releases in such sequences. This cross-linguistic difference served as material to look into how and to what extent non-native properties of sounds can be produced in immediate and distracted imitation. Thirteen native speakers of Polish first read and then imitated sequences of words with two stops straddling the word boundary. Stimuli for imitation had no release of the first stop. The results revealed that (1) a non-native feature such as the lack of the release burst can be imitated; (2) distracting imitation impedes imitative performance; (3) the type of a sequence interacts with the magnitude of an imitative effect

scholarly journals On the Hungarian Equivalents of the English Passive in Literary Translations A Case Study on the Translations of Two Novels

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
Enikő Tankó
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Discourse Function ◽  
Passive Construction ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract This paper investigates the choice of Hungarian equivalents for the English passive construction in translated texts in order to have a glimpse on how translators deal with the English passive. In previous studies (Tankó 2011, 2014), we have looked at the problems encountered by L1 speakers of Hungarian in the acquisition of the English passive voice, having identified different Hungarian equivalents of the English passive that native speakers would resort to when expressing a passive meaning. A special attention has been paid to the Hungarian predicative verbal adverbial construction, which seems to be the closest syntactic equivalent of the English passive, which captures most of its syntactic or discourse function properties. The main question to pursue is whether L1 speakers of Hungarian use the same strategies as shown in previous studies or they choose some other structures to express the passive meaning when it comes to translating literary texts. On the other hand, we would like to analyse Hungarian contexts which require a translation using the passive in English. Thus, our corpus consists of Orwell’s 1984 and Jókai Mór’s Az arany ember, comparing them with their translated versions.

scholarly journals Pragmatic Options of the Dialogical Text as a Language Unit

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Shpilnaya
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Informal Communication ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Communication Situation ◽  
Phatic Communication ◽  
Attachment Model ◽  
The One ◽  
Informative Communication

The purpose of the article is to analyse pragmatic variants of a dialogical text as a language unit. It is assumed that the pragmatic context of the dialogical text (dialogue) actualizing is associated with either informative or phatic intentions. Informative and phatic dialogues appear as pragmatic allotext of a dialogical text. The research methodology is based on the synthesis of derivational and anthropocentric language theories. The process of creating a dialogical text is considered, on the one hand, as a derivational process due to the suppositional relationship between the lexeme and the text, and on the other hand, as a process of interpreting the text in the pragmatic context of its actualization. The material for the study was the recording of oral and written speech of regular native speakers in an informal communication situation. The total number of analyzed speech patterns was 140 dialogic texts – 70 texts of each communication type. It is stated that the pragmatic actualization of the dialogical text is associated with the realization of paradigmatic and syntagmatic connections of lexemes. It is revealed that the syntagmatic model of a dialogical text genesis in informative communication is an adjoining model. A paradigmatic model of dialogic text genesis in informative communication is synonymy. In phatic communication, an attachment model was identified as a syntagmatic model of the genesis of a dialogical text. The paradigmatic model for the production of dialogic text in phatic communication is a homonym model.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing translation in Poland in 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-114
Author(s):  
Anna Kuźnik
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Additional Hypothesis ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One ◽  
Methodological Strategy

This paper aims to provide an account of our survey on the semiotic nature of the concept of translation among young Polish native speakers. The methodological strategy adopted is a con­structive replication of Sandra Halverson’s survey conducted in Norway in 1997. We claim, in our main hypothesis (stemming from a theoretical background of prototype semantics, which we used for measuring our object), that the concept of translation is not uniform and includes different semiotic types of translation, some of which are perceived as central (prototypical), and others as peripheral. According to our additional hypothesis, young Polish native speakers have a broad notion of translation (encompassing a wide range of intralingual and intersemiotic translations), even broader than their Norwegian counterparts, more than twenty years ago. Our data has been collected in 2018 using a seven-item questionnaire (seven different text pairs) with a seven-value scale from 103 subjects. While the main hypothesis has been confirmed, the additional hypothesis was rejected, with Polish respondents conceiving the concept of translation more narrowly. The methodological format of a replication produced an ambivalent effect: on the one hand, it yielded positive incentive, and on the other hand, it became our principal hindrance.

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