scholarly journals The Adriatic charter: A shorter way to access NATO

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-390
Author(s):  
Dragan Djukanovic
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
Member States ◽  
Interstate Cooperation

The author explores the genesis and ranges of interstate cooperation within the scope of the Adriatic Charter of Partnership, signed in Tirana on May 2, 2003 by Republic of Albania, Republic of Croatia and FYR of Macedonia, and the United States of America. First three member states of the Adriatic Charter Group have been united in their common objective to become an integral part of the NATO. USA gives strong impetus to member states of the Group to implement all the criteria for the membership in NATO promoting the "Open Door" policy. The author analyses Charter of Partnership and evaluates results of the meetings of the Partnership Commission and other mechanisms for interstate co-operation.

scholarly journals MILITARY-POLITICAL CONFRONTATION BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE NATO MEMBER STATES IN THE BALTIC REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
IGOR TSEPENDA
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Member States ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Baltic

This article analyses a range of problems faced by the NATO member states in the Baltic region in connection with Russian aggression in Ukraine. It is indicated that the Russian Federation boosts its military presence in the Kaliningrad Oblast: it deploys advanced missile systems and armored fighting vehicles to the region, increases its military contingent and rearms its Navy in the Baltic Sea. It is stressed that Russia has violated the 1987 Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-range and Shorter-range Missiles (the INF Treaty) and in recent years has been conducting large-scale military exercises. It is pointed out that amid the growing threat from Russia, the countries of the Baltic region have to reconsider their military strategies, to join their efforts in order to prevent any possible aggression. The NATO member states, the United States of America in particular, take part in the military drills in the region. Sweden’s military cooperation with NATO and the United States of America – a controversial issue in Swedish political circles – is discussed. The question of enhancing military interaction between the members of NATO – Germany and Norway, the Unites States and Poland – is addressed too. The advantages of building collective missile defense capability in the Baltic region and taking other steps to restrain Russia’s aggressive actions are indicated.

A Guerra Fria na historiografia revisionista: a política externa dos Estados Unidos com a China, 1890-1909

Diálogos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Flavio Alves Combat
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
The Cold War

O objetivo do artigo é analisar a condução da política externa estadunidense com a China, entre 1890 e 1909, tomando como referencial a interpretação historiográfica dos autores revisionistas William Appleman Williams e Walter LaFeber. Propõe-se que o “anticolonialismo imperial” engendrado pelos Estados Unidos no processo de disputa pela abertura do mercado chinês está na origem dos conflitos com as tradicionais potências imperialistas. O trabalho explora, portanto, a tese historiográfica revisionista segundo a qual a política externa norte-americana radicada nos princípios da “Open Door Policy” é fundamental para a compreensão de antagonismos que contribuíram para a Guerra Fria. Abstract The aim of the article is to analyze the conduct of US foreign policy with China between 1890 and 1909, taking as reference the historiographical interpretation of the revisionist authors William Appleman Williams and Walter LaFeber. It is proposed that the "imperial anticolonialism" engendered by the United States in the process of dispute over the opening of the Chinese market is at the origin of conflicts with the traditional imperialist powers. The paper thus explores the revisionist historiographical thesis that US foreign policy rooted in the principles of the Open Door Policy is fundamental to understanding the antagonisms that contributed to the Cold War. Resumen El objetivo del artículo es analizar la conducción de la política exterior estadounidense con China, entre 1890 y 1909, tomando como referencial la interpretación historiográfica de los autores revisionistas William Appleman Williams y Walter LaFeber. Se propone que el "anticolonialismo imperial" engendrado por Estados Unidos en el proceso de disputa por la apertura del mercado chino es el origen de los conflictos con las tradicionales potencias imperialistas. El trabajo explora, por lo tanto, la tesis historiográfica revisionista según la cual la política exterior norteamericana radicada en los principios de la "Open Door Policy" es fundamental para la comprensión de antagonismos que contribuyeron a la Guerra Fría

Liberia's Open-Door Policy

1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Marinelli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
Black African ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mother Country

Although Liberia is the oldest African republic, its economy is still young and growing. The road of independence has been uphill, lonely, and difficult. During Liberia's early decades of independence, the British and French were antagonistic towards what they considered a threat to their colonial ambitions as well as a refutation of the assumption that the black African was incapable of self-government. Across the Atlantic, Liberia's unofficial mother country, the United States, was still in the isolationist period of its history; its gestures of friendship were few and cautious. Nor did Liberia have easy-term foreign aid programmes to provide quick remedies for financial crises. Pleas for aid fell upon the cars of unsympathetic bankers. For the first 80 years or more, each of Liberia's several loans was used to repay the last. The battle was for survival, leaving little opportunity for development.

15. US foreign policy in the Asia-Pacific

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
The Korean War

This chapter examines US foreign policy in the Asia-Pacific region. It first considers America’s rise as an major power and the introduction of the Open Door policy that became a major component of US policy during the period 1899–1941. It then shows how, with the conclusion of World War II, the United States achieved maritime hegemony in the Asia-Pacific and the historic policy of Open Door was rendered irrelevant by American preponderance. It also discusses the Korean War of 1950 and how it prompted the United States aggressively to apply the containment doctrine in Asia by establishing the so-called ‘hub-and-spokes’ bilateral alliance system; the outbreak of the Vietnam War; the Richard Nixon–Henry Kissinger opening to China in the early 1970s; and American foreign policy under Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump.

Stratégie Pour la Corée

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-737
Author(s):  
Samuel Guex ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
East Asia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Nations ◽  
Annotated Translation

Abstract The following pages provide an annotated translation in French of “Chaoxian celue” (Strategy for Korea), an influential document in the history of modern East Asia. The author, Huang Zunxian (1848–1905), was the counselor of the first Chinese minister assigned to Japan in 1877, He Ruzhang (1838–1891). Their contacts with Japanese and Western diplomats brought both men to the conclusion that China should encourage Korea to conclude treaties with Western nations. In 1880, Huang Zunxian developed their views in a booklet “Chaoxian celue,” in which he urged Korea to “keep close to China, strengthen ties with Japan, and ally with the United States.” He presented it to Kim Hong-jip (1842–1896), head of a Korean diplomatic mission to Japan, who submitted it to King Gojong upon his return to Korea. Huang’s treatise made a strong impression on King Gojong and was instrumental in steering Korea toward an open-door policy.

“Happy for John Hay That He Is Dead”

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-257
Author(s):  
Daniel M. DuBois
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
International Debate ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Struggle For Recognition

This article examines the response by U.S.-educated Chinese to the international debate over the recognition of the Republic of China. In their private and public writings, these students viewed China’s struggle for recognition as part of the country’s bigger problem of securing allies in a world overpowered by imperialism and exploitation. While certain that the “monarchical powers” of Europe and Japan were using recognition as a tool to further extort the Chinese government, the students stressed that the United States could be counted on to stand up for China, based on the United States’ purported commitment to freedom and fairness. The question of recognition ultimately became a test of the Open Door Policy, which the students interpreted as a U.S. guarantee of Chinese sovereignty. This article provides a fresh interpretation of the recognition of the Chinese Republic while also reframing the Open Door by linking it to the notion of U.S. exceptionalism.

scholarly journals Ali Baba, Genghis Khan, and Jimmy, who are they!? The transnational and trans-regional production of modernity in 1980s’ Chinese disco

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-476
Author(s):  
Qian Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
Global Society ◽  
Regional Production ◽  
Liang Shuming

This article aims to examine the significance of modernity in Chinese disco back to the 1980s. The open-door policy allowed disco to quickly become a remarkable symbol of modernity related to the United States, where the popular culture and modern lifestyle appealed to millions of Chinese people. The Disco Fever 1985–1989 demonstrated their enthusiasm to reintegrate into the global society by consuming the “same” popular music and culture. Being drawn into the debates between tradition and fashion, communism and capitalism, and arts and commerce, the modernity of Chinese disco was not a forward or sideways or backward process theorized by Liang Shuming, but an attitude toward all directions to cope with the dilemma of materialism, exoticism, and desire triggered by the economic reform. This modernity was an imagination coproduced by global agents, each offering distinctive capitals to transform China’s society throughout the 1980s.

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