scholarly journals Intra-country wage inequality in the OECD countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-362
Author(s):  
Manuel Nogueira ◽  
Óscar Afonso
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Biased Technological Change ◽  
New Variables ◽  
The Impact

Two reasons are mainly brought to explain the recent increase in intra-country wage inequality in favour of high-skilled labour: Skill-Biased Technological Change (SBTC) and International Trade Liberalisation (IT). Since few empirical studies have attempted to assess both interpretations across a comprehensive sample of countries, we have analysed the impact of both and added some new variables within a unified framework and across 30 OECD countries, between 2001 and 2015. Using panel data, results show that both explanations are crucial. However, considering all 30 OECD countries, the IT argument dominates. Further, we show that seven clusters must be considered in which at least one theory influence the wage gap.

scholarly journals Globalization, economic freedom, and wage inequality: A panel data analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülsün Yay ◽  
Hüseyin Taştan ◽  
Asuman Oktayer
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Economic Freedom Index ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of globalization and liberalization on wage inequality using the KOF globalization index, the Economic Freedom Index (EFI) of the Fraser Institute and the Theil industrial pay inequality statistic compiled by the University of Texas Inequality Project (UTIP). Both static and dynamic fixedeffects models are estimated using a 5-year panel data set consisting of about 90 developed and developing countries for the 1970-2005 period. Estimation results from the dynamic panel data specification suggest that wage inequality has a significant and slowly changing component. The overall KOF and EFI indexes are found to be statistically insignificant in the full sample, but the results show that economic freedom is associated with more wage inequality, especially in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. The estimation results from country groups indicate that more deregulation is associated with more earnings inequality in OECD countries. The results from the models with subcomponents of the EFI imply that access to sound money has a negative effect on wage inequality. A more stable price system in an economy implies a more equal wage distribution in emerging markets (EM), non-OECD countries, and European Union (EU).

The Impact of International Trade on Wage Inequality in Argentina (1998-2006)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Fernández Macor ◽  
Néstor Perticarari ◽  
Carlos Beltrán
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Manufacturing and agricultural pollution, private mitigation and wage inequality in the presence of pollution externalities

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Dianshuang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
The Self ◽  
Agricultural Pollution ◽  
Mitigation Cost ◽  
Unskilled Labour ◽  
Agricultural Pollutants ◽  
Environmental Protection Policies ◽  
The Impact

The paper incorporates manufacturing and agricultural pollution into a three-sector general equilibrium model with pollution externalities both on agricultural production and labour health. Manufacturing generates pollution that affects agricultural production and health, while agriculture employs the pollutant as a factor for production that only affects health. Under the framework, this paper investigates the impacts of environmental protection policies and a rise in the self-mitigation cost of skilled and unskilled labour on wage inequality. A larger environmental tax expands wage gap if partial elasticity of substitution between labour and dirty input in the urban unskilled sector is small enough. More restrictive agricultural pollutants control narrows down the wage gap. The impact of an increase in the self-mitigation cost of skilled labour on wage inequality is ambiguous, depending on the factors substitution in agriculture and the elasticity of manufacturing pollution on agricultural production, while a larger self-mitigation cost of unskilled labour brings down the wage gap.

Impact of the Presence of Embassies on Trade: Evidence from Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Yusuf Kenan Bagir
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Volume Effect ◽  
Foreign Missions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper analyzes the impact of the presence of foreign missions on trade using Turkey's unique expansion in its foreign embassy network (39 new embassies in 8 years) as the source of variation in a panel data setting. A majority of the existing empirical studies use cross-sectional bilateral trade data due to lack of variation over time (Rose, 2007; Moons and Bergeijk, 2013). Employing a panel data analysis, this paper is able to address the endogeneity issues that are associated with a standard cross-sectional analysis. The dependent variable in the paper is the trade between Turkey and 190 countries for 2006 to 2016. The results indicate that presence of an embassy increases export value by 30% and this increase comes mainly from the volume effect. Categorizing goods by the Rauch (1999) classification shows that the increase in differentiated goods exports is the main driver of the export surge. The number of exporting firms increases by about 8%. There is no statistically significant impact on the exports of homogeneous goods. Replication of the analysis for imports suggests no impact on imports.

scholarly journals The Impact of OECD Countries’ Macroeconomic Factors on Turkey’s Foreign Trade

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Elif Guneren Genc ◽  
Ozlem Deniz Basar
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Macroeconomic Time Series ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to investigate the makroeconomic effects of OECD countries, having a major economic share in the regional communities, in the scope of complex economic structure, and accordingly, to determine the effects of those on Turkey's exports and imports. For this purpose, Turkey’s bilateral export and import volumes with OECD countries for the period of 1996 to 2014 were modelled by using these countries’ macroeconomic time series variables and panel data sets. It was revealed at the end of the study that the most determinant macroeconomic factors concerning the increase in Turkey’s import is the increase in per capita GNP in these countries. This variable is seen to be followed by these countries’ urban population, export indices and the export increases of Turkey for these countries respectively.

New Evidence on the Relationship Between Economic Freedom and Growth: A Panel Cointegration Analysis for The Case of OECD

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1850263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekrem Erdem ◽  
Can Tansel Tugcu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this paper is to find a new answer to an old question “Is economic freedom good or not for economies?” which was refreshed after the Global Financial Crisis of 2008. For this purpose, the relationship between economic freedom and economic growth, and the relationship between economic freedom and total factor productivity in OECD countries were investigated by using panel data for the period of 1995-2009. Study employed the recently developed cointegration test by Westerlund (2007) and the estimation technique by Bai and Kao (2006) which account for cross-sectional dependence that is an important problem in the panel data studies. Although no significant relationship found between economic freedom and total factor productivity, cointegration analysis revealed that economic freedom matters for economic growth in OECD countries in the long-run, and estimation results showed that direction of the impact is negative.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Globalization on Inequality in the Post-COVID-19 World: Evidence From China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsun Se Cheong ◽  
Yanrui Wu ◽  
Michal Wojewodzki ◽  
Ning Ma
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
County Level ◽  
Primary Industry ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
Secondary Industry ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
The Impact

Empirical studies suggest that globalization (FDI and international trade) has been greatly affected by the COVID-19 and related anti-pandemic measures imposed by governments worldwide. This paper investigates the impact of globalization on intra-provincial income inequality in China and the data is based on the county level. The findings reveal that FDI is negatively associated with intra-provincial inequality, intra-provincial inequality increases as the primary industry sector (agriculture) declines. The result also finds that the increase in inequality stems not from the development in the tertiary or secondary industry sectors per se, but the unevenness in the distribution of these sectors.

scholarly journals UNEXPLAINED WAGE GAPS IN THE TRADABLE AND NONTRADABLE SECTORS: CROSS-SECTIONAL EVIDENCE BY GENDER IN BOLIVIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Molina-Tejerina ◽  
Luis Castro-Peñarrieta
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Standard Industrial Classification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
International Standard Industrial Classification ◽  
Tradable Sector ◽  
The Impact

This document analyzes the gender wage gap between in tradable and non-tradable sectors. The tradable sector is defined by the value of exports and imports in an industry based on the four-digit codes of the International Standard Industrial Classification. Based on Gary Becker's work, in an economy prone to discrimination against women, the document proposes a model from which discrimination is possible if companies generate supra-normal profits. These benefits will be determined by market power, which in turn depends on the number of companies participating in the industry, so under the assumption that tradable sectors are directly influenced by international trade and with the possibility of greater competition, this competition will generate a trend towards normal benefits, making it impossible to finance discrimination against women, so the wage gender gap should be lower in tradable than non-tradable sectors. Using the traditional Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition with Recentered Influence Function (RIF) regressions for the 2013 Household Survey, we find that unexplained wage differences against women are significantly lower in the tradable sector, suggesting that the impact of international trade on the tradable sector helps to reduce the gender wage gap in Bolivia.

scholarly journals Employment in Tourism Industries: Are There Subsectors with a Potentially Higher Level of Income?

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 2844
Author(s):  
Pablo Dorta-González ◽  
Sara M. González-Betancor
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Cultural Industry ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Travel Agencies ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
The Impact

This work analyzes the tourist sector, the employment generated by the tourism industries, and its relationship with tourism receipts. The hypothesis is that there are tourist subsectors with a potentially higher level of income. The article studies the impact of the distribution of the employed population in the different subsectors of the tourism industry, controlling for the most important economic variables, on the level of income per arrival in 24 OECD countries, using panel data for the period 2008–2018. As its main result, the model indicates that the labor force that increases most the receipts per arrival is the ‘travel agencies and other reservation services’, followed by the ‘sports and recreation industry’ labor force, while having a large labor force in the ‘food and beverage’ or ‘cultural industry’ operates in the opposite direction.

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