Applicative aspects of bank′s financial reporting: Analytical framework of a single banking report

This paper introduces financial statements of commercial banks and presents a procedure for analyzing bank profitability and risks using historical data. The procedure involves decomposing aggregate profit ratios into their components to help identify key factors that influence performance. This paper presents a procedure for analyzing bank performance using periodic balance sheet and income statement data. It describes the components of financial statements, provides a framework for comparing the trade-off between bank profitability and risk, and compares the performance of a small community bank with that of a large super regional banking organization. It uses data presented in a banks Uniform Bank Performance Report (UBPR) to demonstrate the analysis. Many banks experience dramatic changes in profits from one period to the next or relative to what stock analysts expect. In many cases, profits are lower because of unanticipated loan losses. In other cases, profits are higher because of extraordinary growth in noninterest income. A key point is that it is becoming increasingly difficult to evaluate performance by looking at reported balance sheet and income statement data. Net income can be managed, or manipulated, by bank managers to disguise potential problems. In this paper I examine how banks, the most important of all the financial intermediaries, operate to earn the highest profits possible: how and why they make loans, how they acquire funds and manage their assets and liabilities (debts), and how they earn income.

Download Full-text

ANALISIS RASIO PROFITABILITAS PADA PT. BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT RAGA DANA SEJAHTERA CABANG PADANG

10.31219/osf.io/f9pyz ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andre Arisandi

Keyword(s):

Balance Sheet ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Net Income ◽

Bank Profitability ◽

Return On Equity ◽

Operating Income ◽

Profitability Analysis ◽

Income Statement ◽

Net Profit

This study was conducted to determine the level of profitability using the ratio of ROA (Return on Asset), ROE (Return on Equity), BOPO (Operating Expenses to Operating Income), and NPM (Net Profit Margin) to PT. BPR Raga Dana Sejahtera. The type of data used is secondary data obtained by the method of documentation taken from the published reports of BPR Raga Dana Sejahtera during the 2015-2019 period. This research was conducted using the 2015-2019 financial statements, namely the balance sheet and income statement. Based on the profitability analysis, it can be seen that ROA is in healthy condition and ROE is in less healthy condition. Then the bank's BOPO is in an inefficient position in managing operational costs to obtain operating income and the bank's NPM is said to be healthy in obtaining net income. The results showed that the level of bank profitability was quite stable and efficient in running company operations

Download Full-text

Issuance Of Subsidiary Stock As An Earnings Management Strategy

Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) ◽

10.19030/jabr.v21i1.1495 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Susan Perry Williams ◽

Thomas H. Williams

Keyword(s):

Earnings Management ◽

Financial Reporting ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Academic Research ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Research Literature ◽

Securities And Exchange Commission ◽

Net Income ◽

Earnings Expectations ◽

Income Statement

Arthur Levitt, chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission, expressed concern that the pervasiveness of earnings management in American corporate financial statements threatens the integrity of financial reporting.  Levitt referred to the “cookie jar” phenomenon wherein U.S. firms have earmarked opportunities to “find gains” when earnings are less than anticipated.  The academic research literature includes a large number of studies on earnings management strategies.  One relatively unexplored strategy is the use of stock issuances by subsidiaries to generate gains under the provisions of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 51.  Based upon a sample of 125 observations of this accounting choice over the period 1985 through 1997, our study provides compelling evidence that recognition of gains on the issuance of subsidiary stock coincides with periods when earnings fail to meet expectations (as measured by analysts’ forecasts), and that the recognition of these gains in the income statement is effective in achieving earnings expectations. Further, the amounts of these gains are large relative to pre-gain net income

Download Full-text

ANALISIS TERHADAP IMPLEMENTASI STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN UNTUK ENTITAS TANPA AKUNTABILITAS PUBLIK (SAK ETAP) PADA EMKM CV. M’ARS STUDIO

GOING CONCERN : JURNAL RISET AKUNTANSI ◽

10.32400/gc.14.3.25982.2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Christian Jhon Mamengko ◽

David Paul Elia Saerang ◽

Lidia M. Mawikere

Keyword(s):

Financial Reporting ◽

Small And Medium Enterprises ◽

Balance Sheet ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Primary Data ◽

Reporting Practices ◽

Financial Position ◽

Income Statement ◽

Documentary Studies

One indicator that can be done to support the development of an increase in the national economy is through the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (EMKM). This study aims to find out about the implementation of financial reporting practices at CV. M’ars Studio, know the statement of financial position at the end of the period (balance sheet), find out the income statement during the period, knowing notes to financial statements during the period, based on EMKM SAK ETAP. The object of the research is the implementation of the EMKM Financial Accounting Standards CV. M’ars Studio. This type of research is qualitative and uses descriptive qualitative methods used in this study are primary data which is data obtained through interviews conducted by researchers on owners and administrators and through direct observation on CV. M’ars Studio besides that, secondary data obtained through evidence of library and documentary studies owned by CV. M’ars Studio. Secondary data obtained through evidence of library and documentary studies owned by CV. M’ars Studio. The results of this study indicate that there are several EMKM IFRS elements that have not been implemented by CV. M’ars Studio. Statement of financial position at the end of the period (balance sheet), which is still simple so the implementation is quite good, the income statement is almost in line with the standard so that the implementation made is good, and notes to financial statements at CV. M’ars Studio have not been implemented. There are major obstacles faced in implementing SAK EMKM, namely the lack of information to the entity regarding IFRDs that apply specifically to MSMEs.

Download Full-text

A New Approach for Proper Reporting of Pension Benefit Obligations in the Financial Statements of “Old Funds” for Professionals

International Business Research ◽

10.5539/ibr.v13n8p117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 117

Author(s):

Carla Morrone ◽

Maria Teresa Bianchi ◽

Anna Attias

Keyword(s):

Financial Reporting ◽

Balance Sheet ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Pension Benefit ◽

New Approach ◽

Income Statement ◽

Pension Liabilities

In this paper, we focus on the disclosure of pension liabilities for entities referred to in Italian Legislative Decree 30 June 1994 no. 509 (also called “old funds” for professionals), which is crucial for a suitable communication. After illustrating the limits of current statutory financial statements’ in relation to the information they provide on pension benefit obligations, we propose three potential solutions to bridge the gap. Each of these proposals helps ensure the completeness and clarity of financial reporting and improves upon the informational capacity and quality of disclosure. In our opinion, one of these approaches, in particular, would be preferred because of its ease of adoption. Indeed, the disclosure in the explanatory notes allows for the quantification of pension benefit obligations, and hence a more proper evaluation of entities in the medium/long- term, with no impact on annual economic-financial results as reported in the balance sheet and the income statement.

Download Full-text

Horse Vet, LLC: Transaction Analysis and Statement of Cash Flows Preparation (Option 1)

Darden Business Publishing Cases ◽

10.1108/case.darden.2016.000157 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Mark E. Haskins

Keyword(s):

Financial Reporting ◽

Balance Sheet ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Cash Flows ◽

Financial Statement ◽

Balance Sheets ◽

Income Statement ◽

Transaction Analysis ◽

Business Events ◽

Statement Of Cash Flows

This case pertains to the foundational underpinnings of the accounting process and the statement of cash flows. In Part I, students are presented with 23 business events that they must evaluate for recording in the financial records. Part II requires students to prepare a 2012 statement of cash flows using the information presented in the company's 2011 and 2012 year-end balance sheets along with its 2012 income statement. In Part III, students must rely on a 2011 balance sheet and a 2011 statement of cash flows to work backward to derive the 2010 year-end balance sheet. There are two versions of this case: Option 1 and Option 2. The Option 2 case is a bit more challenging than the Option 1 case. Instructors should use Option 2 if they feel students are well grounded in their understanding of financial statement relationships and the customary financial reporting of a typical set of business events. Both cases reinforce students' learning related to the accounting process and the connectivity between the financial statements. Please note that only one version of the case should be used due to the existence of some overlap between the two.

Download Full-text

FINANCIAL REPORTING IN 1920: THE CASE OF INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES

Accounting Historians Journal ◽

10.2308/0148-4184.37.1.53 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 53-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jeffrey J. Archambault ◽

Marie E. Archambault

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Financial Reporting ◽

Balance Sheet ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Amount Of Information ◽

Industrial Companies ◽

Income Statement ◽

Significant Factors

This study uses the 1920 Moody's Analysis of Industrial Investments to assess the extent of financial reporting by U.S. industrial companies. The reporting of an income statement and a balance sheet, as well as the amount of disclosure in both of these statements, is examined empirically to determine which economic factors influence this reporting. The results show that corporate-governance, operating, and financing factors all significantly influence the reporting of financial statements and the extent of disclosure within those statements. However, the significant factors vary across the two financial statements and the two decisions considered (reporting a particular statement and the amount of disclosure within the statement to report). All factors are shown to influence significantly the decision to report both a balance sheet and an income statement and the amount of information to report in a balance sheet. The decision regarding the amount of information to report in an income statement is only influenced by corporate-governance and operating factors.

Download Full-text

Analyzing Two Investments—An Instructional Case to Introduce Basic Financial Accounting Concepts

Issues in Accounting Education ◽

10.2308/iace-52254 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 47-56

Author(s):

Wendy J. Bailey ◽

Janet A. Samuels

Keyword(s):

Financial Reporting ◽

Business Students ◽

Balance Sheet ◽

Cash Flows ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

Financial Accounting ◽

Net Income ◽

Income Statement ◽

Orientation Session ◽

Statement Of Cash Flows

ABSTRACT This case introduces basic financial accounting concepts to graduate business students in an accounting orientation session (i.e., “boot camp”). Students assume they have invested in two cupcake businesses in Paris and they now want to determine which business performed best. Instructors can use this case, which provides students an opportunity to compare two businesses, to achieve several learning objectives including those related to accrual accounting (i.e., when to record transactions), the legal aspects of business (i.e., company structure, stock ownership, international accounting), and the use of estimates in financial reporting (i.e., depreciation, bad debts). This case also introduces students to the three basic financial statements (i.e., balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows), and the evaluation of financial results (i.e., net income versus cash flow, ratios). We have found that this simple, straightforward case helps students feel more confident when working with basic financial accounting concepts.

Download Full-text

RANCANGAN PENERAPAN SAK EMKM DENGAN APLIKASI AKUNTANSI UKM PADA BODY GYM FITNESS CENTER MALANG

El Muhasaba Jurnal Akuntansi ◽

10.18860/em.v11i1.7072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Getar Dana Sentosa ◽

Zuraidah Zuraidah

Keyword(s):

Financial Reporting ◽

Research Method ◽

Balance Sheet ◽

Financial Statements ◽

The Body ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Accounting Standard ◽

Fitness Center ◽

Data Presentation ◽

Income Statement

SAK EMKM is the financial accounting standards for an entity that classified as MSMEs and to facilitate business owners to prepare financial statements. One of the MSMEs is the Body Gym Fitness Center located in Sawojajar of Malang City is still recording transactions in the form of daily reports and monthly reports. The solution that is expected in the preparation of financial statements is the existence of software that allows MSMEs owners to compile financial statements even if they do not understand accounting. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The research site is the Body Gym Fitness Center addressed at H7/D27 Danau Jonge Street, Sawojajar, Malang. Research subjects are the manager and cashier of the fitness center. Observations, interviews, and documentations are used as data collection techniques. Data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing are used as data analysis methods.The results of this research are: income statement and balance sheet statement. Notes on financial statements are still compiled in manual way. There are two obstacles faced by the Body Gym Fitness Center to compile the financial statements: a) lack of understanding on financial Reporting, b) the absence of human resources who able to compile financial statements according to SAK EMKM.

Download Full-text

Qualitative characteristics of business reporting: A historical perspective

Corporate Ownership and Control ◽

10.22495/cocv18i3siart10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3, special issue) ◽

pp. 360-366

Author(s):

Vishal Verma ◽

Yousef Shahwan

Keyword(s):

Financial Reporting ◽

Balance Sheet ◽

Historical Review ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Business Reporting ◽

Financial Reporting Standards ◽

Economic Decision Making ◽

Income Statement ◽

Basic Objective ◽

Qualitative Characteristics

This paper aims to provide a historical review of several leading documents in relation to the objectives of financial statements. Four main documents were discussed, analyzed and compared, using the content analysis approach. These documents are The Trueblood Report (1973), The Corporate Report (1976), Making Corporate Reports Valuable (McMonnies, 1988), and Guidelines for Financial Reporting Standards (Solomons, 1989). These documents were selected because they have been described as milestones in addressing qualitative characteristics of financial and business reporting. The historical review showed that the basic objective of financial statements is concerned with providing useful information for economic decision-making. In addition, it emphasized that information is useful when: 1) it shows the economic reality of the financial statements (i.e., balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement); and 2) it is relevant and reliable to users

Download Full-text

ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN BANK SYARI’AH TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN NASABAH MEMILIH BANK

Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian ◽

10.47492/jip.v1i4.162 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 871-882

Author(s):

Tentiyo Suharto

Keyword(s):

Financial Reporting ◽

Balance Sheet ◽

Field Research ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Financial Reports ◽

Financial Condition ◽

Business Results ◽

A Value ◽

Income Statement ◽

Quantitative Descriptive

Financial statements describe the financial condition and results of operations of a company or institution at a certain time or for a certain period of time. The types of financial statements commonly known are: balance sheet or income statement, or business results, cash flow statement, statement of changes in financial position. There are many errors and a lack of media information for analysts on financial reports so that financial reporting data can be manipulated and harm customers or consumers. This type of research is field research using a quantitative descriptive approach. From the research results, it can be seen that the consumer's decision to choose a bank in the high category is 3 people (11.11%) with a value of 52.12 and above. The sample that got the moderate category was 18 people (66.67%), namely the value ranged from 48.1 to 52.12 and the sample that got the low category was 6 people (22.22%), namely a value of 48.1 and below. So thus it can be concluded that the consumer's decision to choose a bank seen from its financial statements can be categorized as moderate.

Download Full-text