Electrifying Greece with solar and wind energy

Ensuring energy security, reducing GHG emissions and boosting the competitiveness of a country?s economy by attracting investments and technical knowhow are of paramount importance considering the targets of ?20-20-20? set by the European community. Being the cradle of civilization, Greece appears today as a country caught in a prolonged hard economic and social crisis, the way out of which its citizens are looking forward as well as the entire European Union. Establishment of the leading renewable energy sources like solar and wind in Greece will not only increase the independence of its own electrification but will also provide with a foundation for developing the market of international trade of ?green? energy. This paper initially highlights the current status of photovoltaics and wind turbines in Greece. Furthermore, this study evaluates whether a higher penetration of the above mentioned green energy sources would have positive impact in the economy of the country or not and in what extent they could decline the CO2 emissions until 2020, comparing to the corresponding levels in 2010.

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Energy security of the European Union – opportunities and challenges

Przegląd europejski ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.7891 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 93-107

Author(s):

Dominika Czapla

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Security ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sector ◽

Energy Sources ◽

The European Union ◽

Member States ◽

The Future ◽

Nord Stream

For many years, the future of energy has been one of the most important problems and challenges for both national and global policy making. It is related to the high responsibility of the energy sector for climate change on Earth, but also for caring about ensuring sufficient energy for the future generations. Thus, energy policy is an important pillar of maintaining, broadly understood as internal security of the country. The biggest challenge related to ensuring energy security of the European Union is the diversification of energy sources. Member States are trying to tackle this challenge in two ways. Firstly, through the development of renewable energy, and secondly, looking for new channels for the supply of non-renewable energy. The restructuring of the energy sector, which has taken place in recent years, in accordance with the guidelines of the European Union, aims to intensify the use of environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. Equally important is the construction of the Nord Stream 2 and Turk Steam gas pipelines, which has been ongoing for several years, which raises much controversy in the Member States. The article is an analysis of the opportunities and challenges facing the European Union related to ensuring stable energy supplies to European citizens.

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Efficiency of the RES Hybrid Microinstallations Working in Energy Clusters

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/202032803016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 328 ◽

pp. 03016

Author(s):

Sławomir Sowa

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Security ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Power Industry ◽

Energy Sector ◽

Current Status ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Local Energy ◽

Distributed Energy

The energy sector is constantly changing. Electromobility, improvement of energy efficiency, smart cities these are just some of the challenges that the present power industry is facing. The main goal for the power industry is to ensure the energy security of its customers, to develop low-community technologies which are mainly based on renewable energy sources and local raw materials. The transition from a centralized energy sector based mainly on conventional power plants to a distributed energy sector requires constant control and management of the generation and demand for energy. One of the solution existing since 2016 are energy clusters. The concept of their functioning is based on the civil-law agreement of locally operating entities that produce, sell, store and consume electricity, heat and cold. The main purpose of introducing energy clusters is the development of distributed energy. Energy clusters ensure the improvement of local energy security with relatively low outlays and low environmental impact. Technological development and installations based on renewable energy sources make energy clusters a beneficial and cost-effective solution for local energy sector. The article presents the idea of energy clusters functioning, and describes the current status of development. It also includes the hybrid systems characteristics of RES systems as an effective source of energy. The conclusion includes the legitimacy of the energy cluster development based on RES installations.

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Development of Renewable Energy Sources in Poland in Light of European Energy Policy

Environmental Sciences Proceedings ◽

10.3390/environsciproc2021009011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Agata Witkowska ◽

Bernadetta Wądołowska ◽

Dorota Anna Krawczyk

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Policy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Green Energy ◽

Energy Sources ◽

European Law ◽

The European Union ◽

Energy Transformation ◽

European Energy Policy

Due to the European Union, which aspires to pursue an ambitious climate policy, in Poland we have been seeing the development of the energy sector over recent years, reflected by a constantly growing share of green energy. Nevertheless, it is still not enough in relation to the requirements of European law. Europe is to become a climate neutral continent by 2050—if Poland wants to comply with these agreements, it must undergo an energy transformation.

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Comparison of the Financial Standing of Companies Generating Electricity from Renewable Sources and Fossil Fuels: A New Hybrid Approach

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12203856 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (20) ◽

pp. 3856 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sebastian Klaudiusz Tomczak

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Power Plants ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Hybrid Approach ◽

Green Energy ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Basic Question ◽

Large Set

Companies operating in the energy sector are under pressure to boost the level of green energy production. The use of renewable energy sources will have a positive impact on the environment, but the basic question is whether power plants that produce electricity using renewable energy sources are in better financial condition than those that use only traditional energy sources. We address the latter using a new hybrid approach that extends prior research by combining three analyses: ratio analysis with a large set of indicators, the Altman model and cluster analysis. To test the statistical significance of differences between groups, Student’s t-test is applied. The sample concerns companies from the Baltic States and Central Europe in the years 2008–2017. The results indicate that in most cases there is no statistical difference in the financial standing of companies that use renewable energy sources and those that generate only fossil fuel-based energy.

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RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: SITUATION AND PERSPECTIVES

Contemporary Materials ◽

10.7251/comen1302152d ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Vlatko Doleček ◽

Isak Karabegović

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Energy Security ◽

Power Plants ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Energy Sources ◽

The European Union ◽

Hydro Power

Energy security and stability has become a major issue over the last few years in the whole world's economic and social development. Despite its high development and evolution of its approach to the issue of energy security, the European Union is also facing the problem of decreasing its role in reducing human impact on the climate. Energy is of essential importance for the development of any country, including Bosnia and Herzegovina. Without adequate policies in the energy sector bussines, industrial and economic progress is not possible either. However, regardless of how energy is important for the development, it is still only a mechanism for achieving an ultimate goal – sustainable economy, clean environment, high living standards, prosperity and population health. According to the official data, Bosnia and Herzegovina produces annually about 13.600 GWh (data from 2010), out of which 7.950 GWh in thermal power plants and 5.650 GWh in hydro power plants. Basic domestic energy sources in Bosnia and Herzegovina include coal and hydropower, while gas and oil are imported. This paper gives an overview of future of the European Union energy policy by 2020, together with the situation and outlooks for Bosnia and Herzegovina renewable energy sources: hydropower, wind power, solar energy, biomass and geothermal energy. The legislation of renewable sources in the Federation of BIH, as well as the European Union's legislative framework, are also presented.

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Comparing the European Union and Turkey's Renewable Energy Policies

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2018 ◽

10.36880/c10.02155 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Müslüme Narin ◽

Younes Gholizadeh

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Security ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Energy Policies ◽

Renewable Energy Policies ◽

The Eu

European Union countries (EU), because they have to import a large portion of the consumed energy, on the one hand are trying to develop effective energy consumption, and on the other hand to increase their share of renewable energy sources in total energy consumption. In this context, the European Commission, published "2017 Progress Report" about renewable energy sources in the framework of EU 2020 Renewable Energy Targets". In this report, it is indicated that the share of renewable energy sources in final energy consumption has been increased to 16,4% and with regards to renewable energy sources, a vast majority of EU countries are compatible with their 2020 targets. The EU's policy towards renewable energy sources supports the "Energy Union Action Plan" in five categories: Energy security, market integration, energy efficiency, decarbonization and innovation. For instance, within the framework of energy security, the increase in EU renewable energy sources saved 16 billion Euros in fossil fuel imports in 2015. In accordance with "Clean Energy Package for Europe", emphasized the importance of providing cheap energy to the countries within EU market. Greenhouse gas emissions have declined with consuming renewable energy sources. The purpose of this study is to provide the latest developments in long-standing renewable energy policies in the EU and Turkey comparatively. In this context, first, the Turkey's renewable energy policies will be studied comparatively, thereafter, the effectiveness of these policies in the EU and Turkey will be investigated.

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European Energy Security

10.1093/oso/9780198802242.003.0015 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Almas Heshmati ◽

Shahrouz Abolhosseini

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Policy ◽

Energy Security ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Primary Energy ◽

The European Union

This chapter reviews relevant literature on the current state and effectiveness of developing renewable energy on energy security in general, and on energy security in the European Union (EU) in particular. The chapter elaborates on primary energy import sources, possible alternatives, and how energy security is affected by the sources of supply. It also gives an analysis of the effects of the Ukrainian crisis, the isolation of Iran on diversification sources, and on European energy security. It examines EU’s energy policy, analyses the best motivation for a new energy policy direction within Europe, and suggests alternative solutions for enhanced energy supply security. The aim is to suggest suitable solutions for energy security in Europe through energy supply diversification. Supply diversification includes alternative energy corridors for reducing dependency on Russia as a supplier and enhancing the power generated by renewable energy sources under the European Union 2020 strategy.

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Influence of the Share of Renewable Energy Sources on the Level of Energy Security in EECCA Countries

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14040903 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 903 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivan Trifonov ◽

Dmitry Trukhan ◽

Yury Koshlich ◽

Valeriy Prasolov ◽

Beata Ślusarczyk

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Security ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Structural Content ◽

High Degree

In this study we aimed to determine the extent to which changes in the share of renewable energy sources, their structural complex, and the level of energy security in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) countries in the medium- and long-term are interconnected. The study was performed through modeling and determination of the structural characteristics of energy security in the countries. The methodology of the approach to modeling was based on solving the problem of nonlinear optimization by selecting a certain scenario. For the study, the data of EECCA countries were used. The ability of EECCA countries to benefit from long-term indirect and induced advantages of the transformation period depends on the extent to which their domestic supply chains facilitate the deployment of energy transformation and induced economic activity. This study provides an opportunity to assess the degree of influence of renewable energy sources on the level of energy security of countries in the context of energy resource diversification. The high degree of influence of renewable energy sources on energy security in the EECCA countries has been proven in the implementation of the developed scenarios for its increase. Energy security is growing. At the same time, its level depends not only on an increase in the share of renewable sources but also on the structure of energy resources complex of countries, and the development of various renewable energy sources. Therefore, today the EECCA countries are forced not only to increase the share of renewable energy sources but also to attach strategic importance to the structural content of their energy complex.

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Relationships between Renewable Energy and the Prevalence of Morbidity in the Countries of the European Union: A Panel Regression Approach

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126548 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6548

Author(s):

Robert Stefko ◽

Beata Gavurova ◽

Miroslav Kelemen ◽

Martin Rigelsky ◽

Viera Ivankova

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Statistical Methods ◽

Regression Models ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Panel Regression ◽

The European Union ◽

Panel Regression Models

The main objective of the presented study was to examine the associations between the use of renewable energy sources in selected sectors (transport, electricity, heating, and cooling) and the prevalence of selected groups of diseases in the European Union, with an emphasis on the application of statistical methods considering the structure of data. The analyses included data on 27 countries of the European Union from 2010 to 2019 published in the Eurostat database and the Global Burden of Disease Study. Panel regression models (pooling model, fixed (within) effects model, random effects model) were primarily used in analytical procedures, in which a panel variable was represented by countries. In most cases, positive and significant associations between the use of renewable energy sources and the prevalence of diseases were confirmed. The results of panel regression models could be generally interpreted as meaning that renewable energy sources are associated with the prevalence of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and kidney diseases, digestive diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, neoplasms, sense organ diseases, and skin and subcutaneous diseases at a significance level (α) of 0.05 and lower. These findings could be explained by the awareness of the health problem and the response in the form of preference for renewable energy sources. Regarding statistical methods used for country data or for data with a specific structure, it is recommended to use the methods that take this structure into account. The absence of these methods could lead to misleading conclusions.

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Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14061570 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1570

Author(s):

Tomasz Rokicki ◽

Aleksandra Perkowska ◽

Bogdan Klepacki ◽

Piotr Bórawski ◽

Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

The European Union ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Research Hypothesis ◽

The Eu

The paper’s main purpose was to identify and present the current situation and changes in energy consumption in agriculture in the European Union (EU) countries. The specific objectives were the determination of the degree of concentration of energy consumption in agriculture in the EU countries, showing the directions of their changes, types of energy used, and changes in this respect, establishing the correlation between energy consumption and changes in the economic and agricultural situation in the EU countries. All member states of the European Union were deliberately selected for research on 31 December 2018 (28 countries). The research period covered the years 2005–2018. The sources of materials were the literature on the subject, and data from Eurostat. Descriptive, tabular, and graphical methods were used to analyze and present materials, dynamics indicators with a stable base, Gini concentration coefficient, concentration analysis using the Lorenz curve, coefficient of variation, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. A high concentration of energy consumption in agriculture was found in several EU countries, the largest in countries with the largest agricultural sector, i.e., France and Poland. There were practically no changes in the concentration level. Only in the case of renewable energy, a gradual decrease in concentration was visible. More and more countries developed technologies that allow the use of this type of energy. However, the EU countries differed in terms of the structure of the energy sources used. The majority of the basis was liquid fuels, while stable and gaseous fuels were abandoned in favor of electricity and renewable sources—according to which, in the EU countries, the research hypothesis was confirmed: a gradual diversification of energy sources used in agriculture, with a systematic increase in the importance of renewable energy sources. The second research hypothesis was also confirmed, according to which the increase in the consumption of renewable energy in agriculture is closely related to the economy’s parameters. The use of renewable energy is necessary and results from concern for the natural environment. Therefore, economic factors may have a smaller impact.

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