Relationship Between Poverty and Economic Development: A Study on the Regions of Turkey

The concept of development has been evaluated by several economic scholars within different historical processes. The meaning of the concept has changed towards the direction from a single theoretical perspective into a multi-theoretical perspective. One of these perspectives is alleviation of poverty. Poverty appears when people cannot meet basic needs for their lives. Poverty level is total amount of expenditure which is necessary to meet the basic needs. Poverty level is the determinant of welfare level of a country and its regions. Poverty numbers and poverty level are criteria indicating to what extent is development achieved. Income distribution is another issue which must be handled with poverty. Fair distribution of income must be an important policy in alleviating poverty. In this context, impact of income distribution must be positive on development level. In this study, the relationship between poverty and development has been presented within the context of Turkey and its regions.

Insider Trading Crime in Turkish Criminal Law

Insider trading act is penalised ultima ratio with the aim of fighting against manmade market actions which outrage the principle of public disclosure and the element of trust in order to establish equality and good faith in capital markets. Insider trading is first disposed as a crime among the other capital market crimes (art.47/1-A-1) in the Capital Market Code no.2499 dated 28.07.1981 with the Amendment to the law no.3794 dated 29.04.1992 and at the present time it is rearranged as a self-contained crime type in article 106 of the Capital Market Code no.6362 dated 06.12.2012. In this study, the crime of insider trading is examined –in particular through the controversial points- as a comparative analysis between abrogated and current dispositions in Turkish Law.

Experience of Economic Integration of Kyrgyzstan within the Framework of the Eurasian Economic Union

At present, practically all countries of the world are involved in integration processes. However, at the present stage, the mechanism of integration interaction is not sufficiently regulated, as evidenced by the experience of integration of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. The history of various integration groupings, along with regularities, carries in itself essential features of historical uniqueness. This determines the theoretical and practical relevance of the research topic. In the article, the example of Kyrgyzstan explores the experience of the country's integration into an integration association. Practice has revealed not only positive results, but also negative unpredictable consequences. Such experience requires scientific and practical study and will be useful for further improvement of economic integration processes. The abolition of customs control has enabled the development of an illegal flow of goods both to Kyrgyzstan and from Kyrgyzstan. The change in tariffs of the Eurasian Economic Union for third countries may lead to a reduction in multilateral trade. Russia's application of anti-sanctions to individual countries violates the first basic principle of integration: the trade policy of the four members of the Eurasian Economic Union is becoming less coherent. The difficult access of goods due to the application of restrictive measures in relation to the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union is noted. To achieve the integration result, the following conditions are necessary: Conducting a harmonious trade integration policy, Implementation of political (institutional) integration, General political support for integration plans, including by third countries.

About the Role of the Northern Branch Value in the Great Silk Road

The Great Silk Road for many centuries served as a connecting element between the cultures of East and West and on informative and communicative patency was a unique invention of world civilization. Not only the material wealth, but the cultural values of the East and the West, were carried along the Great Silk Road. In this regard, the study of the participation of Kyrgyz in this large-scale project of humanity, is of great scientific and practical importance. Despite the remoteness of the Kyrgyz Kaganate from the main path, the Kyrgyz actively participated not only in trade but also in cultural relations of the Eurasian subcontinent. According to the information of the eastern authors, the Kyrgyz had close trade and political ties with many countries of the East and Central Asia.

Investment Projects in Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan

In recent years, the oil and gas industry of Uzbekistan has been developing very fast, and oil and gas production has grown significantly. Uzbekistan achieved oil independence. Natural gas fields in the Republic are being exported to foreign countries as well as satisfying the needs of all types of industrial enterprises and population. Growth of oil and gas extraction is achieved by opening up of new oil and gas constructions and fields, increasing the efficiency of mining operations, and applying new methods of increasing the level of resource utilization. Determining the ultimate goal of socio-economic transformations in our country is the starting point of the current reform strategy. At the same time, the focus is on ensuring the dynamic development of the fuel and energy complex, increasing oil and gas extraction and processing, and gaining energy independence of the republic. LUKOIL is one of the world's largest vertically -Integrated companies engaged in the extraction and processing of oil and gas, manufacturing of petroleum products and petrochemicals. The main areas of its activity, the Company holds a leading position in the Russian and global markets.

The Role of Education in Economic Development: A Comparison of South Korea and Kyrgyzstan

Education plays a big role in the economic development of the country. No country can achieve sustainable economic development without educated human capital. Education helps people to understand themselves and world. It improves the quality of their lives and leads to broad social benefits to individuals and society. Education is a very important in raising productivity of people and promotes technological development. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the role of education in the economic development by comparing South Korea and Kyrgyzstan which are represents developed and developing countries of the world. South Korea, for example, is a highly industrialized and developed country which educational system is in the list of the best 10 systems in the world. In opposite, Kyrgyzstan is an agricultural country which economy is dominated by minerals extraction, agriculture, and reliance on remittances from citizens working abroad. As a result of the research it can be concluded that education is a compulsory and one of the major tools for development of one country. A developing country with a small economy such as Kyrgyzstan should take an example from South Korea and allocate much money from the national budget for the education. So, it is important for Kyrgyzstan to implement educational policy of developed countries within the framework of national policy.

The Importance of Competition Law in Economic Development

An economic system within competition is secured has fatal role for countries. Because, government has many important duties two of which are providing economic and social welfare. Protection of competition paves the way for using resources efficiently, producing cheap and quality commodities and services, providing of innovation in technology. Competition which is the basis of market economy provides suppliers and demanders come together freely in market conditions. In this way, competition means that distributing limited sources of society effectively and using these sources efficiently, providing quality and affordable commodities and services to consumers. Especially, providing global, local or national market economies processing compatible with competition law is possible by determining, accepting and implementing the universal rules which are related to competition law. It is certain that the agreements, verdicts and applications which are blocking or impairing competition in market of commodity and service should be prohibited. Also, the institutions which abuse their sovereignty of market should be prevented from doing this. Judicial control path is available for providing the implementation of rules related to competition law in other word providing sanction of preventions.

Portfolio Management Contract

This document aims to explain the portfolio management contract. Portfolio Management Contract is constitutive of a mouth certain value of wealth and portfolio called is integrally managed. By the contract, the aim is that financier wealth value direct to market expectation investment, mainly in commerce. The contract usually forms through the transport of Securities and Exchange Commission Notices. Portfolio Management Companies, whose major business line is established and management and as be found incorporated company securities and exchange commission, stockbrokers and banks, which are nonaccedding deposits, constitute the part of the contract. Counterparty is individual or corporate financier. According to general principles of Obligations Law, the contract, which does not have any mandatory condition, depends on requirement of written form with regard to notice of this/the subject. Remuneration is the essential component for Portfolio Management Contract, which has the characteristics of the anonymous contract. In this case, it has to be agreed on getting charge for servitude given by Portfolio Management Companies, stockbrokers and banks, which are nonaccedding deposits. The contract is aimed to commit the obligation with caution rather than extrapolating to a specific condition. In suitable conditions of primarily provisions of the contract of not against of this subject’s issue notices and in case of gaps, provisions of contract of mandate will be applied to the contract by comparison.

The Relationship between Socio-Demographic Factors and Internet Banking

Internet banking is becoming prevalent in recent decades. Handy applications are ubiquitous for customers. This study aims to differentiate the customers depending on several factors in internet usage. The effects of sociodemographic factors like gender, age, marital status, time spent in internet banking transactions, monthly income and level of education are tested against internet usage characteristics. Internet Banking is characterized in terms of ease and cost, reliability and usefulness. Data is collected by a survey that uses a Likert Scale; 172 respondents are reached and Kruskal Wallis H test is conducted to shed light to relations among factors and internet usage. Relationship between monthly income and reliability of internet banking transactions are significant at 95%. The relationship between İnternet banking usage and time spent in internet banking is also significant at 95%. Banks that are in competition in internet banking shall assume gender, age and marital status as indifferent but shall focus on customer involvement with internet banking and customers monthly income levels.

Optimization of the Structure of the Economy of Regions

The article reveals the negative role played by the existing sectoral imbalances in the development of the regions of the Kyrgyz Republic and substantiates the need for a qualitative transformation of the structure of the economy. An approach to optimizing the sectoral structure of the regional economy is proposed, based on the identification of priority and auxiliary industries with stable links. As a target function of optimization of the sectoral structure of the region, the coefficient of structural independence is proposed. The coefficient of structural independence is calculated as the ratio of exports and imports of industries. Using it, you can calculate the indicator of the closedness of the economic sector (system). The proposed model can be used to optimize the sectoral structure of the regions of the Kyrgyz Republic to optimize and make informed decisions in the formation of a regional industrial policy aimed at providing an accelerating increase in industrial production, stimulating exports of products with a high share of added value.