scholarly journals Investigations of significance of blood smear results in diagnostics of infectious and parasitic diseases in dogs

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 375-384
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Potkonjak ◽  
Branislav Lako ◽  
Branislava Belic ◽  
Nikolina Milosevic ◽  
Ognjen Stevancevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Neutrophil Granulocyte ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Dog Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears

The microscopic examination of stained smears of peripheral blood is of vital significance in the speedy diagnostics of infectious and parasitic diseases, in particular during the stage of infection when the cause is present in the blood, or blood cells. It is sometimes possible to make a definitive diagnosis of an infectious or parasitic disease following an examination of a stained smear of the peripheral blood. Since microscopic examinations of a peripheral blood smear are applied increasingly rarely in clinical practice, due to the development of other methods for the diagnostics of infectious and parasitic diseases in dogs, as well as the lack of knowledge of the morphology of the numerous causes that can be present in the blood, we carried out an investigation into the presence and spread of infections whose causes can be present in dog blood. The investigations covered 100 dogs from which peripheral blood smears were taken and then stained with a Giemsa solution according to the standard protocol and examined under a microscope with an immersion lens. The examination of peripheral blood smears stained according to Giemsa resulted in the identification of the presence of an Ehrlichia spp. morula in a neutrophil granulocyte in one dog. The presence of hemotropic mycoplasmas was established in erythrocytes of eleven dogs, while the presence of the protozoa Babesia canis in erythrocytes was identified in five dogs included in the investigations. A microscopic examination of dog peripheral blood smears stained according to Giemsa was shown as a speedy, practical, simple, and inexpensive method for making a definitive etiological diagnosis of these infections, and it should be included regularly in standard protocols for the diagnostics of infectious and parasitic diseases.

Rapid and Definitive Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases Using Peripheral Blood Smears

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Soleymani Lehmann ◽  
Jerry L. Spivak
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears ◽  
Time Of Admission

A timely diagnosis is essential in the management of septicemia and septic shock. Three patients are described, all of whom presented with fever and one of whom was hypotensive at the time of admission. In each patient, rapid diagnosis of the cause of fever was possible because microorganisms were identified on a peripheral blood smear obtained at the time of admission. This identification permitted prompt initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. In addition, a literature review of use of peripheral blood smears in the diagnosis of bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections is provided.

Detection of Leishmania amastigotes in peripheral blood from four dogs — Short communication

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Giudice ◽  
Annamaria Passantino
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Canine Leishmaniosis ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Leishmania Amastigotes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears

The authors carried out microscopic examination of blood smears of 1438 dogs infected with Leishmania infantum. Unusual findings of leishmaniosis associated with circulating parasitised cells are described in four dogs. Most of the dogs presented severe illness, with lethargy, dysorexia, emaciation and alterations of the haematological pattern (anaemia, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia and monocytosis). In three cases, leishmaniosis was associated with ehrlichiosis. On examination of peripheral blood smears, Leishmania sp. amastigotes were observed both in various circulating leukocytes (neutrophil, monocyte, macrophage) and free. In conclusion, parasites can rarely be detected in blood smears (in 0.28% of the animals examined); thus, the time-consuming microscopic search for amastigotes can make only a weak contribution to the conventional diagnosis of canine leishmaniosis.

scholarly journals LEUKEMIA SEL BERAMBUT

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Reini Meilani Isbach ◽  
Agus Alim Abdullah ◽  
Mansyur Arif
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Cell Leukaemia ◽  
Definite Diagnosis ◽  
Hairy Cell ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Hairy Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears

Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) is a neoplastic disorder of B lymphocytes originally described by Bouroncle et al. in 1958. HCL clinicalmanifestations varies, generally characterized by various degrees of splenomegaly, pancytopenia, or emphasis only on the two cell lines(bisitopenia), with the hairy cells in varying amounts in the peripheral blood smear and bone marrow. HCL is a very rare case, there areonly about 2% of all leukaemias more frequently in men than women (4:1) with the average age of disease onset between 50–55 years.The etiology of HCL is still not known. A case of HCL Leukaemia in a female patient, aged 55 years is reported which was a rare case.HCL diagnosis in this patient was based on the clinical manifestation (splenomegaly), and laboratory results (bisitopenia, neutropeniaand monositopenia) and about 80% hairy cells were found in peripheral blood smears. Definite diagnosis of HCL should be made by bonemarrow examination, immunophenotyping and cytogenesis.

scholarly journals Quick Leukocyte Nucleus Segmentation in Leukocyte Counting

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yapin Wang ◽  
Yiping Cao
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Leukocyte Segmentation ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears ◽  
Key Techniques ◽  
Nucleus Segmentation

The leukocyte nucleus quick segmentation is one of the key techniques in leukocyte real-time online scanning of human blood smear. We propose a quick leukocyte nucleus segmentation method based on the component difference in RGB color space. By analyzing the captured microscopic images of the peripheral blood smears from the autoscanning microscope, it is found that the difference values between B component and G component (B−G values) in the regions of the leukocyte nuclei and the platelets are much bigger than those in the other regions, even in the regions including the stains. So, the B−G values can segment the leukocyte nuclei and the platelets with an appropriate empirical threshold because the platelets are much smaller than the leukocyte nuclei, so the leukocyte nuclei can be segmented by size filtering. Also, only an 8 bit subtraction operation is performed for the B−G values, and it can improve the leukocyte nucleus segmentation speed significantly. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs well for the five types of leukocyte segmentation with a quick speed. It is very suitable for the real-time peripheral blood smear autoscanning test application. In addition, the five types of leukocytes can be counted accurately.

Usefulness of Peripheral Blood Smears in Identifying the Causes of Anemia in Adults.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 5565-5565
Author(s):  
Peter McPhedran ◽  
Robert B. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Complete Blood Counts

Abstract Anemia is common in hospital patients, being found in about half of the automated complete blood counts (CBCs) done on adults aged 20+ at our hospital. Often the reason for the anemia is immediately apparent (post-operative state, end stage renal disease without erythropoietin treatment), but often it is not. Many tests are available for the differential diagnosis of the causes of the anemia. Morphologic evaluation of a Wright-stained blood smear by a skilled observer is labor intensive, but sometimes useful in the differential diagnosis of anemia. When unexplained anemia is identified in a patient on the Medical Service at our teaching hospital, the ward team may also send an intern or a medical student to check out the smear. The potential diagnostic yield of any of these evaluations (the skilled observer, the intern, the student) is unknown. We did a prospective evaluation of 202 consecutive adults with initially unexplained anemia (Hb <12 in men, <11 in women). Using accepted, pre-established criteria for etiologic diagnosis of the causes of anemia, and available data (plus additional smear evaluations by ourselves, ferritins, free erythrocyte protoporphryns, and a few other tests) we felt we were able to establish the causes of anemia in 86% of the patients. We also referred to standard morphologic criteria for diagnosing specific blood disorders in order to see how much could be learned from the blood smears of these patients, alone. Of 147 patients whose blood smears were of acceptable quality, 30 (21%) of the blood smears were diagnostic (or close to diagnostic), and an additional 46% were supportive of the correct diagnosis. For example, iron deficiency anemia was considered the morphologic diagnosis if the blood smear showed severe hypochromia, “pencil-form” elliptocytes, and thrombocytosis. Hypochromia alone would be considered supportive of the diagnosis of iron deficiency, but require more consideration of alternatives (thalassemia trait, chronic disease, etc). Thus, in evaluating anemia in adults, a good peripheral blood smear, carefully evaluated by a trained observer, is likely to be diagnostic, or very helpful, in 20% or more of the patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of EDTA induced pseudothrombocytopenia and the effect of alternative anticoagulants

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 626-629
Author(s):  
A Shrestha ◽  
S Karki
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Correct Estimation ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears

Background: Artifactual Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which there is falsely lowered platelet in patients who have thrombocytopenia but the absence of petechiae or echymoses. Pseudothrombocytopenia is also an artifactual thrombocytopenia caused by anticoagulant dependent agglutinins. The aim of this study was to compare the platelet count in pseudothrombocytopenia in EDTA anticoagulated samples and other alternative anticoagulants.Materials and methods: This study was performed in the department of hemotology hematology, Institute of medicine. All cases during study period were evaluated by EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood samples but criteria for selecting pseudothrombocytopenia patients was unexpectedly low platelet counts with clumping/aggregate on peripheral blood smear. Additional samples were collected in sodium citrate and heparin for examined.Results: A total of 50 patients aged between 18 to 90 years were found to have pseudothrombocytopenia. Platelet counts in samples anticoagulated with EDTA ranged from 20x109/l to 149x109/l and samples from same patients anticoagulated with citrate ranged from 41x109 /l to 312x109 /l and heparin showed platelet count ranging from 29x10 9 /l to 210x109 /l. The mean platelet count in EDTA- anticoagulated blood of individuals with pseudothrombocytopenia was 104x109/l whereas the mean platelet count in citrate and heparin-anticoagulated samples was 151x109/land123x109/l respectively. Platelet counts decreased dramatically in the EDTA samples in contrast to the samples anticoagulated with citrate or heparin post four hours of collection.Conclusion: Peripheral blood smears should be examined for platelet clumping/aggregates in cases with low platelet count not correlating with clinical presentation or in isolated thrombocytopenia flagged in hematology analyser. Alternative anticoagulants should be used for correct estimation of platelet count.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v4i8.11498 Journal of Pathology of Nepal; Vol.4,No. 8 (2014) 626-629

scholarly journals Detection of the Plasmodium falciparumAntigen Histidine-Rich Protein 2 in Blood of Pregnant Women: Implications for Diagnosing Placental Malaria

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 2992-2996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose F. G. Leke ◽  
Rosine R. Djokam ◽  
Robinson Mbu ◽  
Robert J. Leke ◽  
Josephine Fogako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Malarial Infection ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears

Pregnant women have an increased susceptibility to infection byPlasmodium falciparum. Parasites may be present in the placenta yet not detectable in peripheral blood smears by routine light microscopy. In order to determine how frequently misdiagnosis occurs, peripheral blood and placental samples were collected from 1,077 Cameroonian women at the time of giving birth and examined for the presence of malarial parasites by using light microscopy. Results showed that 20.1% of the women who had placental malaria were peripheral blood smear negative. Thus, malarial infection was not detected by microscopic examination of peripheral blood smears from approximately one out of five malaria-infected women. Since P. falciparum parasites secrete histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP-2), we sought to determine if detecting HRP-2 in either peripheral plasma or whole blood might be used to diagnose the presence of parasites “hidden” in the placenta. Samples of peripheral plasma from 127 women with different levels of placental malarial infection were assayed by HRP-2-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HRP-2 was detected in 88% of the women with placental malaria who tested negative by blood smear. Additionally, whole blood was obtained from 181 women and tested for HRP-2 with a rapid, chromatographic strip test (ICT). The ICT test accurately detected malarial infection in 89.1% ofP. falciparum-infected women. Furthermore, 94% of women with malaria were accurately diagnosed by using a combination of microscopy and the ICT test. Thus, detection of HRP-2 in conjunction with microscopy should improve diagnosis of malaria in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Comparison of platelet count by manual and automated method

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3523
Author(s):  
Dileep Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears ◽  
Automated Cell Counter ◽  
Cell Counter

Background: Since the emergence of dengue fever in the past few years, platelet count has become a routine test in every pathology lab. Common methods are by peripheral blood smears made from blood collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes, by neubaeur chamber, automated method by hematology cell counter.Methods: Blood samples of 460 adult patients and 72 children (<15 years), including indoor and outdoor, between May to August 2019, attending Hind institute of medical sciences, were collected in EDTA tubes. Samples were properly mixed on blood shaker and immediately peripheral blood smears were made and stained with Leishman stain. Platelet count of every sample was done by peripheral blood smear and by Mindray (BC5150) automated cell counter, simultaneously.Results:  Results by manual slide method are slightly higher than automated method but significantly not different from automated method.Conclusions: Traditional slide method can also be used if done carefully comparable to automated method especially useful in small labs which can’t afford automated cell counter.

Sensitivity of Peripheral Blood Smear Review for the Diagnosis of Candida Fungemia

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
John A. Branda ◽  
Mary Jane Ferraro ◽  
Alexander Kratz
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Technical Staff ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Blood Smear Examination ◽  
Yeast Concentration ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears ◽  
Blood Smear Review

Abstract Context.—Case reports have described detection of candidemia by examination of peripheral blood smears. It is unclear whether this method has wider applicability for early detection of fungemia. Objective.—To determine the sensitivity of smear review for detecting candidemia. Design.—Normal and cytopenic blood was spiked with increasing concentrations of yeast. Smears were prepared and reviewed by a pathologist and by technical staff. Staff members blinded to the purpose of the study first performed a routine slide review and then a targeted review for yeast. Results.—The pathologist detected isolated yeast forms at a concentration of 1 to 5 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. When blinded to the purpose of the study, technical staff could detect Candida in most samples when the yeast concentration was 1 to 5 × 107 CFU/mL, but found it in only a small fraction of samples with lower concentrations. When asked to examine the smears specifically for yeast, they could detect it in most samples containing 1 to 5 × 106 CFU/mL. Conclusions.—Detection of candidemia by peripheral blood smear examination requires a yeast concentration of 1 to 5 × 105 CFU/mL or greater. This degree of fungemia is unusual; therefore, detection of candidemia by blood smear review will not be possible in most cases. Sensitivity of smear review for yeast detection is greatly increased if the microscopist is specifically directed to look for the presence of yeast.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study of the Suitability of Archival Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Smears for Diagnosis of CML Using FISH

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Charwudzi ◽  
Edeghonghon E. Olayemi ◽  
Ivy Ekem ◽  
Olufunmilayo Olopade ◽  
Mariann Coyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Interphase Fish ◽  
Genetic Abnormalities ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears ◽  
Cytogenetic Technique

Background.FISH is a molecular cytogenetic technique enabling rapid detection of genetic abnormalities. Facilities that can run fresh/wet samples for molecular diagnosis and monitoring of neoplastic disorders are not readily available in Ghana and other neighbouring countries. This study aims to demonstrate that interphase FISH can successfully be applied to archival methanol-fixed bone marrow and peripheral blood smear slides transported to a more equipped facility for molecular diagnosis of CML.Methods.Interphase FISH was performed on 22 archival methanol-fixed marrow (BM) and 3 peripheral blood (PB) smear slides obtained at diagnosis. The BM smears included 20 CML and 2 CMML cases diagnosed by morphology; the 3 PB smears were from 3 of the CML patients at the time of diagnosis. Six cases had knownBCR-ABLfusion results at diagnosis by RQ-PCR. Full blood count reports at diagnosis were also retrieved.Result.19 (95%) of the CML marrow smears demonstrated theBCR-ABLtranslocation. There was a significant correlation between theBCR-ABLtranscript detected at diagnosis by RQ-PCR and that retrospectively detected by FISH from the aged BM smears at diagnosis (r=0.870;P=0.035).Conclusion.Archival methanol-fixed marrow and peripheral blood smears can be used to detect theBCR-ABLtranscript for CML diagnosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document