Assessment of Cytokine (α-TNF) with Erythropoietin and their Correlation in Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Anaemia

Globally tuberculosis is the 9th leading cause of death worldwide. As pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic disease, anaemia of inflammation due to bacterial burden play a vital role in pathophysiology of anaemia. Inflammation interferes with erythropoietin (EPO) function. Methods: The present study was an analytical type of case control study. The study included 100 newly diagnosed anaemic PTB cases and 50 newly diagnosed non anaemic PTB controls. The PTB was confirmed by microscopic examination of sputum specimen for the detection of Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB). Both cases and controls were subjected to hematological analysis by automated cell counter and serum α-TNF and EPO by ELISA method. Results: Statistically significant difference was observed in levels of both α-TNF and EPO in anemic and non-anemic PTB groups (p<0.001). α-TNF (214.56±82.30) levels were found to be significantly higher in anaemic PTB group while EPO level (58.44 ±14.97) were found to be significantly higher in non anaemic PTB group. Significant inverse correlation (r1=cases, r2=controls) was observed between α-TNF and EPO (r=-0.257, p<0.05) and α-TNF and Hb (r=-0.202, p<0.05) in both the groups. Conclusion: Increased α-TNF with decreased EPO and hemoglobin infers that inflammation interferes with normal functioning of EPO and probably contributes in induction of anemia in tuberculosis patients.

Evaluation of thrombocytopenia: A single-center experience

To evaluate the common etiologies and bleeding manifestations in patients of thrombocytopenia and its clinical presentation, methods of investigation, and impact of various modes of management. Total 104 patients with platelet count less than l00,000 per cu.mm. with age, more than 12 years admitted to hospital between January 2010 to October 2011 were included in this study. Platelet count on automated cell counter less than 100,000 per cu.mm. and confirmed in peripheral smear were included in the study. All EDTA samples were processed in Abacus junior 5 hematology Analyser. Peripheral blood smear review was done for all cases. Clinical history and physical examination were collected from patients and medical record files.The present study included 56 male patients and 48 female patients. The most common bleeding manifestation was petechial rash 8.6%, hemoptysis and traumatic bleeding account for 1.9 % each, whereas 74% of patients did not present with any bleeding issues. Total 66 patients presented with symptoms of fever, 73 had signs of pallor, 22 patients had splenomegaly, 16 patients had hepatomegaly. Total 37.5% of patients were diagnosed with malaria and 1 patient (0.96%) was diagnosed with plasma cell leukemia. Chronic liver disease, megaloblastic anaemia, ITP (Idiopathic thrombocytopenia) and chronic renal failure account for 9.6%, 13.4%, 5.7% and 3.8% respectively. Total 16 patients had platelet counts less than 20000/cu.mm. and 37 patients had platelet count between 60000-80000/cu.mm. Malaria (39 patients) was the major cause of thrombocytopenia. Out of 39 patients with malaria 10 patients had P. Falciparum, 27 had P. Vivax and 2 patients had both. Patients with a platelet count less than 100,000/cu.mm have very high chances of bleeding manifestation. Cutaneous bleed is the most common manifestation. Malaria can be present with signs of thrombocytopenia. Timely and accurate diagnosis is the key to the management of thrombocytopenia.

A pediatric case of EDTA-related pseudothrombocytopenia and implementation of the histograms by the automated cell counters

Objectives Platelet aggregation in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), is called EDTA-related pseudothrombocytopenia (EDTA-PTP), resulting in low platelet count by automatic cell counters. Case presentation Herein, we present a case of a 5-year-old female, who was referred to our laboratory due to persistent thrombocytopenia. Conclusion Our case report discusses the efficiency of the histograms and flag warnings of the cell counter, indicating the importance of these variables.

The relationship of bovine milk somatic cell count to neutrophil level in samples of cow's milk assessed by an automatic cell counter

This research communication describes the application of a fluorescent automatic cell counter Lactoscan SCC for simultaneous determination of somatic cell count and neutrophils in bovine milk. The obtained results were compared with results obtained by a flow cytometer and a light microscope. The Pearson correlations between the methods were calculated. A comparison between the main characteristics of the three kinds of analysis was made – the assay duration and the intra-assay precision. A relation between the SCC and neutrophil cells was observed in 55 milk samples. The obtained results confirm that the simultaneous determination of SCC and neutrophil analysis are necessary and support the early diagnosis of mastitis, the timely treatment of the animal and the avoidance of major economic losses.

Platelet Count in Dengue Fever Patients

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an acute infectious disease caused by the dengue virus. This virus is transmitted by mosquitoes from the genus Aedes, for example Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Patients who are infected will have symptoms in the form of a mild to high fever, accompanied by headaches, pain in the eyes, muscles and joints, and spontaneous bleeding. DHF in Indonesia, has become a public health problem for the last 45 years since 1968. These cases are spread across 33 provinces and in 436 districts / cities out of 497 districts / cities (88%) in Indonesia. The number of people with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) tends to increase. The laboratory chooses to use a blood cell counter or a hematology analyzer to count the patient's blood cell count. The results of laboratory examinations with platelet counts in dengue fever patients were obtained 19 (14.84%) samples of patients with platelets d below 100,000 per micrometer (mcL) from 128 patients from January to March 2019. With 2 days of fever patients were 44 people. , 37 patients had fever for 4 days, and 5 fever patients were 47, in normal numbers and brought to a normal range of 150,000-400,000/ mmᶾ.