Sexual dimorphism of the human corpus callosum: Digital morphometric study

Background/Aim. Changes in the morphology and the size of the corpus callosum, are related to various pathological conditions. An analysis of these changes requires data about sexual dimorphism of the corpus callosum, which we tried to obtain in our study. We also investigated the method of digital morphometry and compared the obtained results with the results of other authors obtained by magnetic resonance imaging or by planimetry. Methods. A morphological research included 34 human brains (cadavers of both sexes ? 19 female and 15 male aged 26?72 years). By digital morphometry using an AutoCAD software we performed measurements in the corpus callosum: the length (L), width in the half of its length (WW?), length of its cortical margin (LCM), area and perimeter of the anterior and posterior callosal segments, as well as the area and perimeter of the corpus callosum section area. The investigated parameters were analyzed and compared between the females and males. Results. There was not a statistically significant difference between the males and females in the investigated parameters of the corpus callosum (t test; p > 0.05), including the mean values of the two most important parameters, the surface of its midsagittal section area (males 654.11 mm2; females 677.40 mm2) and of its perimeter (males 19.61 cm; females 19.72 cm). The results obtained by digital morphometry were in the range of the results of other authors obtained by magnetic resonance and by planimetry. However, the value of Pearson coefficient of linear correlation between the section surface area and perimeter of the corpus callosum in the males was highly significant (rxy = 0.6943, p < 0.01), while in the females this value was statistically insignificant. Conclusion. Digital morphometry is accurate method in encephalometric investigations. Our results suggest that the problem of sexual dimorphism of the corpus callosum is very complex, because the identical variables (section surface area or its perimeter) do not exhibit the same behavior in males and in females, implicating that these variables even cannot be simply compared between the sexes.

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Comparative assessment of odontometric parameters for gender determination: A hospital based cross-sectional study

Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine ◽

10.18231/j.ijfcm.2021.030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 147-152

Author(s):

Mosmi Lomi ◽

Jonathan Daniel M

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mean Value ◽

The Body ◽

Central Incisor ◽

Maxillary Canine ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Gender Determination ◽

Significant Difference

Determining gender is one of the most important procedure in forensics. Teeth are made of the most enduring mineralized tissues in the body, as such, they have an extraordinary resistance to putrefaction and the effects of external agents (physical, thermal, mechanical, chemical or biological) which makes them invaluable material for anthropological, genetic, odontologic and forensic examinations.i)To assess the degree of sexual dimorphism in maxillary canine using maxillary canine index, maxillary first molar and central incisor using mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual/buccopalatal (BL) dimensions of the crown. ii) To determine the accuracy of maxillary canine index, first molar and central incisor dimensions (mesiodistal and buccolingual/buccopalatal) in determining sex.This study consisted of total 30 participants (males=15, females=15) of age group ranging from 20 to 35 yrs. Measurement of dimensions of selected teeth were performed on maxillary cast using digital Vernier caliper, resolution 0.01mm. Data thus obtained were analyzed statistically.The mean values of all the measurements in males were greater than females. There was statistical significant difference in mean value of bucco-lingual width of molar, mesiodistal width of canine (on left side, right side and average) and the inter-canine distance between males and females. The buccolingual width of molar showed the highest % of sexual dimorphism (5.33%) and the mesiodistal width of molar showed the least % of dimorphism (0.7%). Bucco-lingual width of molar posed the highest prediction accuracy for gender determination. We conclude that buccolingual width of maxillary first molar can be used to predict the gender when only teeth of maxillary arch are available for forensic examination.

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Sexual dimorphism of the human corpus callosum studied by magnetic resonance imaging: Fact, fallacy and statistical confidence

Brain and Development ◽

10.1016/s0387-7604(12)80314-7 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 321-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Allen D Elster ◽

Deborah A DiPersio ◽

Dixon M Moody

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Corpus Callosum ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Statistical Confidence

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COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE CEREBELLUM OF MEN AT A YOUNG AND OLD AGE ACCORDING TO MAGNETIC RESONANCE TOMOGRAPHY

MORPHOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER ◽

10.20340/mv-mn.2020.28(4):451 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 68-72

Author(s):

Anatoly A. Balandin ◽

Lev M. Zheleznov ◽

Irina A. Balandina ◽

Valery S. Shelud'ko

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Old Age ◽

Age Groups ◽

Magnetic Resonance Tomography ◽

Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Age Related ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right

Investigation which devoted to the study of the age characteristics of the human body are becoming increasingly important. Magnetic resonance tomography is the most informative diagnostic method for intravital visualization of tissues and structures of the brain. It also allows you to more accurately see the picture of morphological features with age-associated changes. The aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the age-related morphometric characteristics of the cerebellum in male with mesocranic type of cranium in young and old age according to the data of magnetic resonance tomography. The analysis of the results of a morphometric study of the cerebellum on tomograms of 91 men examined for medical reasons was carried out. Depending on the age, the subjects were divided into two groups. Group I included 52 young men (22–27 years old, inclusive), group II included 39 elderly men (from 78 to 83 years old, inclusive). The transverse, longitudinal and vertical dimensions of the cerebellum were determined. When comparing the parameters of the linear dimensions of the cerebellum in the studied age groups of men, a statistically significant decrease in all indicators in old age compared with young age was revealed (p=0.042). There was no statistically significant difference between the parameters of the longitudinal and vertical sizes of the cerebellar hemispheres in individuals of each age group (p>0.05); there is a tendency for these sizes to prevail in the right cerebellar hemisphere. The results obtained can serve as the equivalent of the age-related anatomical norm of the cerebellum in young and old men, which will make it possible to use these data in basic and clinical research, as well as in medical practice.

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Dental Sexual Dimorphism

Dental Journal of Advance Studies ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1672028 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 03 (03) ◽

pp. 135-139

Author(s):

Manisha Sharma ◽

Sameer Gupta ◽

Avdesh Sharma ◽

Vandana Bhardwaj ◽

Pooja Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Forensic Odontology ◽

Mean Value ◽

Criminal Proceedings ◽

Index Method ◽

Mean Values ◽

Arch Width ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Law And Justice ◽

Student’S T

Abstract Objective : Forensic odontology is a lineage that deals in relation to jaws and teeth as evidence to law and justice. Tooth serves as a prime importance in the context of sex identification. (1) To investigate whether there exists any correlation between odontometric measures and sexual dimorphism. (2) To compare the inter-canine arch width of mandible. (3) To evaluate the mean value of standard mandibular canine index. Method: This study is an odontometric analysis performed intra-orally with a sample of 150 teeth (75male:75 female) on students of Kanti Devi Dental college, Mathura. Mesiodistal dimensions of mandibular right and left canine with a caliper device and statistical analysis for significance of sexual dimorphism was done with student’s t test. Result: The result showed that sexual dimorphism is significant in relation to mesiodistal diameter of canine. Furthermore, there was statistical significant difference in tooth crown dimension between males and females where the males showed higher mean values. Conclusion: The study show definite statistically significant sexual dimorphism hence they can play significant role in providing expertise in civil & criminal proceedings to ensure that forensic dentistry will remain viable component of forensic medicine.

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Digital morphometric study of the extrasulcal surface of the cingulate gyrus in man

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1002051s ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 63 (1-2) ◽

pp. 51-56

Author(s):

Goran Spasojevic ◽

Slobodan Malobabic ◽

Zlatan Stojanovic ◽

Slavica Jandric ◽

Milena Djordjevic

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Digital Camera ◽

Morphological Type ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Limbic Cortex ◽

Cingulate Gyrus ◽

Continuous Type ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Stereotactic System ◽

The Right

Introduction. The frequency of different morphological types and extrasulcal (visible) surface area of the cingulate gyms, were measured and analyzed in order to obtain more precise data about morphology, right/left and sex differences in the human brain. Material and methods. The study included 42 brains (84 hemispheres) from persons of both sexes and of different age (26 males, 16 females, 20-65 years old), without neuropathological changes. After fixation in 10% formaline (3-4 weeks) and removal of meninges the brains were photographed under standard conditions by digital camera. Following determination of morphological type, regions of interest of cingulate gyrus were determined in stereotactic system system of coordinates and the extrasulcal surface was measured by digital AutoCAD planimetry. Results and discussion. Three basic morphological types of cingulate gyrus were found: the continuous type (34.5%), segmented type (35.7%) and double paralel type (29.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of morphological types related to the side (right/left) or sex (p>0.05). The area of extrasulcal cortex of cingulate gyrus was statistically significantly (p<0.O5) larger on the left hemispheres (for 1.13 cm) than on the right (left: 14.58 cm; right: 13.45 cm. The extrasulcal surface of the left cingulate gyrus was significantly larger (p0.05) in males (males 15.9 cm: females - 13.6 cm), while for the right cingulate gyrus this difference was not significant. Conclusion. Morphometry indicated sex and right/left differences of extrasulcal surface area of the human cingulate gyrus. However, the morphological analysis itself did not indicate corresponding differences, suggesting complexity of the problem of sex dimorphism and of right/left asymmetries in the domain of limbic cortex.

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Morphometric study of the corpus callosum in Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy by magnetic resonance imaging

Brain and Development ◽

10.1016/0387-7604(95)00010-9 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 104-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zhi-Ping Wang ◽

Makiko Osawa ◽

Yukio Fukuyama

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Muscular Dystrophy ◽

Corpus Callosum ◽

Congenital Muscular Dystrophy ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Resonance Imaging

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Estimation of the posterior tibial slope on magnetic resonance images in Serbian population

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp160301203j ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 154-158

Author(s):

Natasa Janjusevic ◽

Maja Vulovic ◽

Aleksandar Radunovic ◽

Milan Jovanovic ◽

Jasenka Vasic-Vilic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Tibial Plateau ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Tibial Slope ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Posterior Tibial Slope ◽

Mean Values ◽

Posterior Tibial ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Medial Tibial Slope

Background/Aim. Preservation of an adequate posterior tibial slope (PTS) during total knee arthroplasty is crucial for the biomechanical stability and function of the knee joint. Studies that investigated anatomical features of the tibial plateau found significant gender and inter-population differences in all components of the PTS. The aim of this study was to establish reference values of PTS in Serbian population and to explore if there is any difference in the tibial plateau inclination between genders. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 161 magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the knee of adult patients examined in Medical Military Academy in Belgrade, Serbia, in a period from November 2011 to September 2014. Measurements of PTS components: medial tibial slope (MTS), lateral tibial slope (LTS), and coronal tibial slope (CTS) were performed through several steps, according to the suggestions in the recent literature. Obtained values for each tibial slope were compared between gender subgroups using appropriate statistical tests. Results. Mean values of each component of the posterior tibial slope for male vs. female subgroups were as follows: MTS 3.7? ? 2.8? vs. 5.1? ? 2.9?, LTS 4.2? ? 2.8? vs. 4.3? ? 2.7?, and CTS 3.9? ? 2.4? vs. 3.3? ? 1.9? respectively. The medial tibial slope was significantly higher in females than in males (p = 0.005). The mean value of the coronal tibial slope was greater in males without statistically significant difference (p = 0.105). Conclusion. This study demonstrated significant difference in MTS of the tibial plateau between males and females, being higher in the female subgroup.

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Morphometric Study of Spleen in Iranian Cadavers from Razavi-Khorasan Province

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin ◽

10.3329/bmrcb.v42i2.32000 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 61-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shabnam Mohammadi ◽

Arya Hedjazi ◽

Maryam Sajjadian ◽

Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Kebriaei ◽

Maliheh Dadgar Moghadam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Demographic Data ◽

Accessory Spleen ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Iranian Population ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Length Width ◽

The Mean

Anthropologic parameters of the spleen are important because many diseases present with reduction or enlargement of the spleen. No data exists about the standard dimensions of the normal spleen in Iranian population. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate anthropologic parameters of the spleen in Iranian cadavers. In 2014-2015, this cross sectional study was undertaken from the Razavi Khorasan Province of Iran. Iranian cadavers (n=693, 152 female/541 male) with no history of poisoning, drug or alcohol addiction, no gross abnormality and injury of the spleen were included in the study. The length, width and thickness of spleen were measured using a Vernier caliper. The mean values of the demographic data were age= 40.28 ± 20.97 years; weight = 63.68 ± 17.40 kg; height = 160.03 ± 28.45 cm and BMI = 25.03 ± 20.46 kg/m2. The mean values of the spleen length, width, thickness, notch, weight and index in the cadavers were 11.32 ± 3.10 cm, 8.05 ± 2.35 cm, 20.12 ± 9.21 mm, 0.84 ± 1.35, 123.87 ± 82.46 g, and 2.01 ± 1.40, respectively. Accessory spleen was found in five cadavers. The anthropologic parameters of the spleen showed significant difference between males and females except for index of the spleen. Having standard data on the spleen is useful for radiologists, surgeons, anatomists and anthropologists. The results of the study may provide valuable data in the standardization of the anthropologic parameters of the spleen in the Iranian population.

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Magnetic resonance imaging study of corpus callosum abnormalities in patients with different subtypes of schizophrenia

South African Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v20i4.574 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Ebru Unlu ◽

Erman Bagcioglu ◽

Mehtap B Acay ◽

Emre Kacar ◽

Ozan Turamanlar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Corpus Callosum ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Motor Area ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Total Brain ◽

Significant Difference

Background. Reductions in the size of the corpus callosum (CC) have been described for schizophrenia patients, but little is known about the possible regional differences in schizophrenia subtypes (paranoid, disorganised, undifferentiated, residual). Methods. We recruited 58 chronically schizophrenic patients with different subtypes, and 31 age-and-gender matched healthy controls. The callosum was extracted from a midsagittal slice from T1 weighted magnetic resonance images, and areas of the total CC, its five subregions, CC length and total brain volume were compared between schizophrenia subtypes and controls. Five subregions were approximately matched to fibre pathways from cortical regions. Results. Schizophrenia patients had reduced CC total area and length when compared with controls. Disorganised and undifferentiated schizophrenics had a smaller prefrontal area, while there was no significant difference for the paranoid and residual groups. The premotor/supplementary motor area was smaller in all schizophrenia subtypes. The motor area was smaller only in the disorganised group. A smaller sensory area was found in all subtypes except the residual group. Parietal, temporal and occipital areas were smaller in the paranoid and undifferentiated groups. Total brain volume was smaller in all schizophrenia subtypes compared with controls, but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion. These findings suggest that the heterogeneity of symptoms may lead to the different CC morphological characteristics in schizophrenia subtypes.

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