scholarly journals Tick-borne lymphadenopathy acquired in Serbia: Report of two cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1134-1137
Author(s):  
Zorica Gajinov ◽  
Tatjana Ros ◽  
Milana Ivkov-Simic ◽  
Branislava Gajic ◽  
Sonja Prcic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Lymph Node Enlargement ◽  
Scalp Necrosis ◽  
Rickettsia Slovaca ◽  
Font Color

Introduction. Acronym tick-borne lymphoadenoathy (TIBOLA (Dermacentor-borne necrosis erythema and lymphoadenopathy ? DEBONEL, scalp eschar associated with neck lymphoadenopathy ? SENLAT) comprises clinical diagnosis of tick-borne symptoms of cervical or occipital lymphadenopathy with inoculation eschar at the site of tick bite on scalp. Since the first description, it was proved to be associated with several infectious agents, most frequently Rickettsia slovaca, or less often other spotted fever group Rickettsiae (Rickettsia raoulti and Rickettsia rioja), and gained an emerging infectious disease status in Europe. Dermacentor ticks serve as vectors and possible natural reservoir. The course is in most cases benign and infection is limited. Doxicycline is the recommended initial treatment, both for adult and most cases in children. Case report. Two subjects who acquired the desease caused by tick bites in Vojvodina region of Serbia are presented. Both patients are females. A tick was removed from the scalp, and several days later doxicycline treatment started because of the inflammatory symptoms of lymph node enlargement. Diagnostic eschar appeared in both patients during doxicycline treatment. After a switch to ciprofloxacine, inflammatory symptoms subsided, but the complete healing of scalp necrosis took longer than one month, with residual cicatricial alopecia. Conclusion. Although rare, it is necessary to include TIBOLA in a spectrum of epidemiologic risks in cases of tick bites. <br><br><font color="red"><b> This article has been corrected. Link to the correction <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/VSP2007765E">10.2298/VSP2007765E</a><u></b></font>

Rickettsial Infections around the World, Part 1: Pathophysiology and the Spotted Fever Group

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Jashin J. Wu ◽  
David B. Huang ◽  
Katie R. Pang ◽  
Stephen K. Tyring
Keyword(s):  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Rickettsial Infections ◽  
Rickettsial Diseases

Background: The rickettsial diseases are an important group of infectious agents that have dermatological manifestations. These diseases are important to consider in endemic areas, but in certain suspicious cases, possible acts of bioterrorism should warrant prompt notification of the appropriate authorities. Objective: In this two part review article, we review these diverse diseases by examining established and up-to-date information about the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of the ricksettsiae. Methods: Using PubMed to search for relevant articles, we browsed over 500 articles to compose a clinically based review article. Results: Part one focuses on pathophysiology of the rickettsial diseases and the clinical aspects of the spotted fever group. Conclusions: At the completion of part one of this learning activity, participants should be able to discuss all of the clinical manifestations and treatments of the sported fever group. Participants should also be familiar with the pathophysiology of the rickettsial diseases.

scholarly journals Laboratory Diagnostics of Rickettsia Infections in Denmark 2008–2015

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Susanne Schjørring ◽  
Martin Tugwell Jepsen ◽  
Camilla Adler Sørensen ◽  
Palle Valentiner-Branth ◽  
Bjørn Kantsø ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Annual Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vector Borne

Rickettsiosis is a vector-borne disease caused by bacterial species in the genus Rickettsia. Ticks in Scandinavia are reported to be infected with Rickettsia, yet only a few Scandinavian human cases are described, and rickettsiosis is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rickettsiosis in Denmark based on laboratory findings. We found that in the Danish individuals who tested positive for Rickettsia by serology, the majority (86%; 484/561) of the infections belonged to the spotted fever group. In contrast, we could confirm 13 of 41 (32%) PCR-positive individuals by sequencing and identified all of these as R. africae, indicating infections after travel exposure. These 13 samples were collected from wound/skin material. In Denmark, approximately 85 individuals test positive for Rickettsia spp. annually, giving an estimated 26% (561/2147) annual prevalence among those suspected of rickettsiosis after tick bites. However, without clinical data and a history of travel exposure, a true estimation of rickettsiosis acquired endemically by tick bites cannot be made. Therefore, we recommend that both clinical data and specific travel exposure be included in a surveillance system of Rickettsia infections.

scholarly journals Taxonomic Relationships among Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae as Revealed by Antigenic Analysis with Monoclonal Antibodies

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbin Xu ◽  
Didier Raoult
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Rickettsia Conorii ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Relationships ◽  
Rickettsia Africae ◽  
Rickettsia Slovaca ◽  
Rickettsia Sibirica

The spotted fever group (SFG) is made up of more than 20 different rickettsial species and strains. Study of the taxonomic relationships among the group has been attempted by phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic analyses. In this study, we determined taxonomic relationships among the SFG rickettsiae by comparative analysis of immunogenic epitopes reactive against a panel of monoclonal antibodies. A total of 98 monoclonal antibodies, which were directed against epitopes on the major immunodominant proteins or on the lipopolysaccharide-like antigens of strains of Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia massiliae, Rickettsia akari, Rickettsia sibirica, and Rickettsia slovaca, were used in the study. The distribution and expression of the epitopes among 29 SFG rickettsiae and Rickettsia bellii were assessed by determination of reaction titers in a microimmunofluorescence assay. The results were scored as numerical taxonomic data, and cluster analysis was used to construct a dendrogram. The architecture of this dendrogram was consistent with previous taxonomic studies, and the implications of this and other findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Low Risk Perception about Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases in an Area Recently Invaded By Ticks in Northwestern Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Aitor Garcia-Vozmediano ◽  
Giorgia Giglio ◽  
Elisa Ramassa ◽  
Fabrizio Nobili ◽  
Luca Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi S.L

Risk perception, together with the adoption of measures to prevent tick bites, may strongly influence human exposure to ticks and transmitted pathogens. We created a questionnaire to evaluate how people perceive the health risk posed by ticks in an area recently invaded by these arthropods, in the western Italian Alps. Moreover, through a collaborative effort with park rangers and physicians, we investigated which tick species bite humans and their infection with pathogens (Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and spotted-fever group Rickettsiae). Apart from two Dermacentor marginatus bites, we identified Ixodes ricinus (n = 124) as the main species responsible for tick bites. The investigated pathogens infected 25.4% of tested I. ricinus. The evaluation of the engorgement rate of biting I. ricinus revealed that they had been likely feeding on humans for 24 hours or more, suggesting a high probability of pathogen transmission. Indeed, the questionnaires revealed that people infrequently adopt preventive measures, such as inspecting the body for ticks, although most respondents claimed that ticks are a threat to human health. Having suffered from previous tick bites was positively associated with the adoption of personal protection measures. Given the increasing incidence of tick-borne diseases in the region, the public should be better informed about the possibility of being bitten by infected ticks in order to mitigate the risk.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Spotted-Fever Group Rickettsiae in Ticks Collected from Domestic and Wild Animals in Corsica, France

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Cicculli ◽  
Maestrini Oscar ◽  
Francois Casabianca ◽  
Natacha Villechenaud ◽  
Remi Charrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Glta Gene ◽  
Rickettsia Slovaca ◽  
Polymerase Chain

To obtain a better understanding of the current magnitude of tick-borne rickettsioses in Corsica, we used molecular methods to characterize the occurrence of Rickettsia spp. in ixodid ticks collected from domestic and wild animals. The presence of Rickettsia spp. was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting the gltA gene and by sequencing of gltA and ompA partial genes for species identification and phylogenetic analysis. Infection rates were calculated as the maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). In total, 1117 ticks belonging to four genera (Rhipicephalus, Hyalomma, Ixodes, and Dermacentor) were collected from cattle, sheep, wild boars, and companion animals during July–August 2017 and July 2018–January 2019. Overall, Rickettsia DNA was detected in 208 of 349 pools of ticks (MLE = 25.6%, 95% CI: 22.6–28.8%). The molecular analysis revealed five different rickettsial species of the spotted-fever group (SFG). We highlighted the exclusive detection of Candidatus Ri. barbariae in R. bursa and of Ri. aeschlimanii in H. marginatum. Rickettsia slovaca was detected in D. marginatus collected from wild boars. This study provides the first evidence of the presence of Ri. monacensis in I. ricinus ticks isolated from a dog in Corsica. In conclusion, our data revealed wide dispersal of SFG Rickettsiae and their arthropod hosts in Corsica, highlighting the need for surveillance of the risk of infection for people living and/or working close to infected or infested animals.

scholarly journals Scalp eschar and neck lymphadenopathy by Rickettsia slovaca after Dermacentor marginatus tick bite case report: multidisciplinary approach to a tick-borne disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Barlozzari ◽  
Federico Romiti ◽  
Maurizio Zini ◽  
Adele Magliano ◽  
Claudio De Liberato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Dermacentor Marginatus ◽  
Rickettsia Slovaca ◽  
Tick Borne Disease

Abstract Background Scalp Eschar and Neck LymphAdenopathy after Tick bite is a zoonotic non-pathogen-specific disease most commonly due to Rickettsia slovaca and Rickettsia raoultii. Diagnosis is mostly based only on epidemiological and clinical findings, without serological or molecular corroboration. We presented a clinical case in which diagnosis was supported by entomological identification and by R. slovaca DNA amplifications from the tick vector. Case presentation A 6-year-old child presented with asthenia, scalp eschar and supraclavicular and lateral-cervical lymphadenopathy. Scalp Eschar and Neck LymphAdenopathy After Tick bite syndrome following a Dermacentor marginatus bite was diagnosed. Serological test on serum revealed an IgG titer of 1:1024 against spotted fever group rickettsiae, polymerase chain reaction assays on tick identified Rickettsia slovaca. Patient was successfully treated with doxycycline for 10 days. Conclusions A multidisciplinary approach including epidemiological information, clinical evaluations, entomological identification and molecular investigations on tick, enabled proper diagnosis and therapy.

scholarly journals Dermacentor marginatus and Dermacentor reticulatus, and Their Infection by SFG Rickettsiae and Francisella-Like Endosymbionts, in Mountain and Periurban Habitats of Northwestern Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Aitor Garcia-Vozmediano ◽  
Giorgia Giglio ◽  
Elisa Ramassa ◽  
Fabrizio Nobili ◽  
Luca Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Dermacentor Marginatus ◽  
Rickettsia Slovaca ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria ◽  
Rickettsial Diseases

We investigated the distribution of Dermacentor spp. and their infection by zoonotic bacteria causing SENLAT (scalp eschar neck lymphadenopathy) in Turin province, northwestern Italy. We collected ticks in a mountain and in a periurban park, from vegetation and different animal sources, and we sampled tissues from wild boar. Dermacentor marginatus (n = 121) was collected in both study areas, on vegetation, humans, and animals, while D. reticulatus (n = 13) was exclusively collected on wild boar from the periurban area. Rickettsia slovaca and Candidatus Rickettsia rioja infected 53.1% of the ticks, and R. slovaca was also identified in 11.3% of wild boar tissues. Bartonella spp. and Francisella tularensis were not detected, however, Francisella-like endosymbionts infected both tick species (9.2%). Our findings provide new insights on the current distribution of Dermacentor spp. and their infection with a spotted-fever group rickettsiae in the Alps region. Wild boar seem to play a major role in their eco-epidemiology and dispersion in the study area. Although further studies are needed to assess the burden of rickettsial diseases, our results highlight the risk of contracting SENLAT infection through Dermacentor spp. bites in the region.

scholarly journals Two Cases of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiosis Contracted in Southern Parts of Africa

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1311-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikio KIMURA ◽  
Tatsuya FUJII ◽  
Aikichi IWAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Spotted Fever Group

scholarly journals Surveillance of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in Suburban Natural Habitats of Central Maryland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T Milholland ◽  
Lars Eisen ◽  
Robyn M Nadolny ◽  
Andrias Hojgaard ◽  
Erika T Machtinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Questing Ticks ◽  
Tick Vectors

Abstract Lyme and other tick-borne diseases are increasing in the eastern United States and there is a lack of research on integrated strategies to control tick vectors. Here we present results of a study on tick-borne pathogens detected from tick vectors and rodent reservoirs from an ongoing 5-yr tick suppression study in the Lyme disease-endemic state of Maryland, where human-biting tick species, including Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) (the primary vector of Lyme disease spirochetes), are abundant. During the 2017 tick season, we collected 207 questing ticks and 602 ticks recovered from 327 mice (Peromyscus spp. (Rodentia: Cricetidae)), together with blood and ear tissue from the mice, at seven suburban parks in Howard County. Ticks were selectively tested for the presence of the causative agents of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato [s.l.]), anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum), babesiosis (Babesia microti), ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia ewingii, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and ‘Panola Mountain’ Ehrlichia) and spotted fever group rickettsiosis (Rickettsia spp.). Peromyscus ear tissue and blood samples were tested for Bo. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s), A. phagocytophilum, Ba. microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi. We found 13.6% (15/110) of questing I. scapularis nymphs to be Bo. burgdorferi s.l. positive and 1.8% (2/110) were A. phagocytophilum positive among all sites. Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. was found in 71.1% (54/76) of I. scapularis nymphs removed from mice and 58.8% (194/330) of captured mice. Results from study on tick abundance and pathogen infection status in questing ticks, rodent reservoirs, and ticks feeding on Peromyscus spp. will aid efficacy evaluation of the integrated tick management measures being implemented.

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