scholarly journals Resolution methods in proving the program correctness

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-285
Author(s):  
Branko Markoski ◽  
Petar Hotomski ◽  
Dusan Malbaski ◽  
Danilo Obradovic
Keyword(s):  
Formal Theory ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Pascal Program ◽  
Program Correctness ◽  
Program Testing ◽  
Final Failure ◽  
Programming Logic

Program testing determines whether its behavior matches the specification, and also how it behaves in different exploitation conditions. Proving of program correctness is reduced to finding a proof for assertion that given sequence of formulas represents derivation within a formal theory of special predicted calculus. A well-known variant of this conception is described: correctness based on programming logic rules. It is shown that programming logic rules may be used in automatic resolution procedure. Illustrative examples are given, realized in prolog-like LP-language (with no restrictions to Horn's clauses and without the final failure). Basic information on LP-language are also given. It has been shown how a Pascal-program is being executed in LP-system proffer.

scholarly journals A Process Specification Formalism1

1990 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-139
Author(s):  
S. Mauw ◽  
G.J. Veltink
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Operational Semantics ◽  
Formal Theory ◽  
Modular Construction ◽  
Program Correctness ◽  
Process Specification ◽  
Sequential Machines ◽  
Initial Algebra ◽  
Concurrent Processes ◽  
Formal Description Techniques

Traditional methods for programming sequential machines are inadequate for specifying parallel systems. Because debugging of parallel programs is hard, due to e.g. non-deterministic execution, verification of program correctness becomes an even more important issue. The Algebra of Communicating Processes (ACP) is a formal theory which emphasizes verification and can be applied to a large domain of problems ranging from electronic circuits to CAM architectures. The manual verification of specifications of small size has already been achieved, but this cannot easily be extended to the verification of larger industrially relevant systems. To deal with this problem we need computer tools to help with the specification, simulation, verification and implementation. The first requirement for building such a set of tools is a specification language. In this paper we introduce PSFd (Process Specification Formalism – draft) which can be used to formally express processes in ACP. In order to meet the modern requirements of software engineering, like reusability of software, PSFd supports the modular construction of specifications and parameterization of modules. To be able to deal with the notion of data, ASF (Algebraic Specification Formalism) is embedded in our formalism. As semantics for PSFd a combination of initial algebra semantics and operational semantics for concurrent processes is used. A comparison with programming languages and other formal description techniques for the specification of concurrent systems is included.

Introduction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-544
Author(s):  
W. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Gene Mapping ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Gene Activity ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Simple Systems

In comparison to many other fields of ultrastructural research in Cell Biology, the successful exploration of genes and gene activity with the electron microscope in higher organisms is a late conquest. Nucleic acid molecules of Prokaryotes could be successfully visualized already since the early sixties, thanks to the Kleinschmidt spreading technique - and much basic information was obtained concerning the shape, length, molecular weight of viral, mitochondrial and chloroplast nucleic acid. Later, additonal methods revealed denaturation profiles, distinction between single and double strandedness and the use of heteroduplexes-led to gene mapping of relatively simple systems carried out in close connection with other methods of molecular genetics.

Review of Status Passage: A Formal Theory.

1972 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
KURT W. BACK
Keyword(s):  
Formal Theory ◽  
Status Passage

The summary on raptors and owls ringing in Slovakia in 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Slobodník ◽  
Roman Slobodník
Keyword(s):  
Birds Of Prey ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Number Species

The summary on raptors and owls ringing in Slovakia in 2009The article provides basic information about the number, species and recoveries of ringed birds of prey and owl species in Slovakia in 2009. The report follows similar papers from the following periods: 2002-2004, 2005-2006 and 2007-2008. In 2009 a total of 1,222 individuals were ringed in Slovakia, of which 856 individuals were birds of prey (18 species) and 366 individuals were owls (8 species). From the total number, 719 birds of prey and 257 owl nestlings were ringed. In comparison with the previous year the number of ringed birds of prey and owls increased by 43%.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE BASIC CRITERIA FOR RUSSIAN COASTS TYPIFICATION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Рубен Косян ◽  
Ruben Kosyan ◽  
Viacheslav Krylenko ◽  
Viacheslav Krylenko
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Static State ◽  
Evolutionary Features ◽  
Coastal Features ◽  
The Stability

There are many types of coasts classifications that indicate main coastal features. As a rule, the "static" state of the coasts is considered regardless of their evolutionary features and ways to further transformation. Since the most part of the coastal zone studies aimed at ensuring of economic activity, it is clear that the classification of coast types should indicate total information required by the users. Accordingly, the coast classification should include the criterion, characterizing as dynamic features of the coast and the conditions and opportunities of economic activity. The coast classification, of course, should be based on geomorphological coast typification. Similar typification has been developed by leading scientists from Russia and can be used with minimal modifications. The authors propose to add to basic information (geomorphological type of coast) the evaluative part for each coast sector. It will include the estimation of the coast changes probability and the complexity of the coast stabilization for economic activity. This method will allow to assess the dynamics of specific coastal sections and the processes intensity and, as a result – the stability of the coastal area.

A multi-source approach to hydrologic parameter estimation in urban basins

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Néstor A. Campana ◽  
Eduardo M. Mendiondo ◽  
Carlos E. M. Tucci
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Remote Sensing And Gis ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Thematic Map ◽  
Hydrological Parameters ◽  
Source Data

A procedure for estimating hydrological parameters is presented which combines a) remote sensing and GIS techniques with b) data extracted from site visits to city districts; the estimate so obtained is compared with estimates from rainfall data. It is developed in urban sub-basins of Dilúvio Basin in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, Brazil. A Fuzzy Algorithm which performs within sub-pixel level is used. Cover classes studied are: highly and slightly impervious, bare ground, grassed open space, and forest. A soil thematic map is determined based on pedological studies. A final distributed thematic map of potential runoff is obtained by superimposing previous data. It is compared with lumped runoff potential from rainfall events in sub-basins. These broad multi-source data hold basic information to develop an alternative strategy for hydrologic studies in urban basins.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document