scholarly journals Susceptibility to antifungal agents of Candida spp. from blood and feces collected in Novi Sad in 3-year period (2008-2010)

2011 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Zora Jelesic ◽  
Deana Medic ◽  
Mira Mihajlovic-Ukropina ◽  
Marija Jevtic ◽  
Vera Gusman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
The Right ◽  
Novi Sad

Candidemia is an important emerging nosocomial infection in patients with risk factors. Candida species from nonsterile sites can give insight into the characteristics of strains that may cause invasive disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate antifungal susceptibility of Candida blood and fecal isolates in Novi Sad, Vojvodina. During a 3-year period (2008 to 2010), 424 isolates of Candida spp. were collected, 30 bloodstream isolates and 394 strains from fecal samples. In vitro susceptibility of these isolates to five antifungal agents was established using commercial ATB FUNGUS 3 (Bio-M?rieux). Predominant species was Candida albicans (6 isolates from blood and 269 from feces). Resistance to one or more antifungal agents was less common in Candida albicans (3.63%) than in other species (24.83%). Resistance to itraconazole was the most commonly found in both groups of isolates, 9.64% strains from feces and 20% from blood samples. Twelve isolates were multiply resistant, usually to fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole. Resistance to amphotericine B was extremely rare. Although resistance to antimycotics of Candida spp. is rare at present, continued surveillance of antifungal susceptibility is necessary in order to monitor trends, and to choose the right empiric therapy.

scholarly journals Accuracy in clinical examinations for the diagnosis of vulvovaginitis by CANDIDA SPP. and IN VITRO susceptibility to the main antifungals

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Santana Santos ◽  
Ana Laura Sene Amancio Zara ◽  
Fábio Silvestre Ataídes ◽  
Elisangela Gomes da Silva ◽  
Vivianny Aparecida Queiroz Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection. This work aims to determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of the clinical diagnosis of VVC and to characterize Candida species isolated from the vaginal mucosa. This cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2016 to February 2017 at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas, in Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil. The study included samples of vaginal secretion from 55 women who complained of vaginal discharge and itching as their main symptoms. The PPV of the clinical diagnosis of VVC was estimated in comparison to the laboratory culture method. The phenotypic methods and molecular tests were performed to identify Candida spp. In vitro susceptibility of Candida spp. isolates to fluconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, nystatin, and amphotericin B was determined using the broth microdilution assay. Yeast growth using the enzymes protease, phospholipase, and hemolysin was carried out in media containing respectively bovine albumin, egg yolk, and sheep erythrocytes. A PPV of 61.8% (34/55) was determined. Among the 55 vulvovaginal samples collected, we identified 36 isolates in whichC. albicans was the most common species. High resistance to fluconazole and low minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for clotrimazole, nystatin and amphotericin B were observed. All isolates were proteinase and hemolysin producers, while seven strains were phospholipase negative. The clinical diagnosis of VVC presented a moderate PPV, which meant that cultures had to be conducted in the laboratory to confirm infection. The high resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole indicated the importance of the in vitro susceptibility test.KEY WORDS: Vulvovaginal candidiasis; antifungal susceptibility; enzymatic activity

scholarly journals Lack of effect of cell-wall targeted antibacterials on biofilm formation and antifungal susceptibility of Candidaspecies

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-472
Author(s):  
Gisela Myrian de Lima Leite ◽  
Lílian Cristiane Baeza ◽  
Rosana Teixeira Ramos ◽  
Sérgio Seiji Yamada ◽  
Thiago Ferreira dos Santos Magon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar

The use of central venous catheters (CVC) and broad-spectrum antibacterials are among the main risk factors for the development of candidemia in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU). It is known that some antibacterials increase the resistance of these yeasts to azole antifungals. Thus, the aim of this research was to determine whether yeast present in CVC colonizations previously exposed to cell-wall targeted antibacterials benefit from a reduction in susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole, facilitating their ability to form biofilms. Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. guilhermondii were seeded into antibacterial (cefepime, meropenem, vancomycin, and piperacillin-tazobactam) gradient plates produced in Mueller-Hinton Agar. The susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole and the biofilm formation of the yeasts were tested before and after exposure to the antibacterials. None of the antibacterials exerted a significant effect on the in vitro susceptibility of the yeasts to the antifungal agents or on their ability to form biofilms. These results suggest that increased candidemia in ICU patients is not attributable to possible alterations in the yeasts, but is more likely caused by a weakening of the patient's general condition after long exposure to infection.

scholarly journals Comparison of in vitro susceptibility of different azoles agents against dermatophytes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Lanting Liu ◽  
Xiaoyun Liu ◽  
Bo Yu ◽  
Xiaoping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility

Abstract The research on antifungal resistance in dermatophytoses lags behind that on systemic mycose. Lack of datas of antifungal susceptibility testing in dermatophytoses is one reasion. 121 clinical dermatophytes isolates were tested against 6 azole antifungal agents according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method. Geometric mean MIC of all isolates were in increasing order: isavuconazole (GM 0.06 mg/L), posaconazole (GM 0.10 mg/L), itraconazole (GM 0.22 mg/L), voriconazole (GM 0.32 mg/L), ketoconazole (GM 0.40 mg/L), fluconazole (GM 10.18 mg/L).

Antifungal susceptibility of bloodstream yeasts isolated at a public children’s hospital in Brazil: comparison of the Etest® and the AFST–EUCAST microdilution method

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1300-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia E. Matsumoto ◽  
Amanda L.T. Dias ◽  
Márcia S.C. Melhem ◽  
Maria W. Szeszs ◽  
Marcos E. Auler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

This study compared the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results from the proposed standard methods of the Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee of the European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AFST–EUCAST) with the commercial system Etest® in the evaluation of susceptibility to flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B of 136 Candida spp. isolated from the blood of hospitalized children. The results presented a greater agreement among Etest® MICs ±2 log2 dilutions of AFST–EUCAST for fluconazole (98.1% and 96.3%) and voriconazole (100% and 100%) for Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis . For Candida glabrata , the agreement was greater only for fluconazole (81.8%) and voriconazole (100%). For amphotericin B, the agreement between the methods was low for all species. The agreement percentage among the Etest® and AFST–EUCAST susceptibility profiles was high according to the MIC breakpoints recommended by the M27-A2 protocol for the majority of the yeasts, except for fluconazole and itraconazole against Candida tropicalis and for itraconazole against C. glabrata and Candida krusei . According to both methodologies, a great number of Candida spp. isolates showed an in vitro susceptibility to all evaluated antifungal agents. Overall, both procedures can be reliable techniques for susceptibility tests of yeasts, but the assessment of interlaboratory agreement and correlation of MICs by different methods with in vivo response are of great importance.

scholarly journals Changing Trends of Candida Species and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Candida Bloodstream Isolates: A 5-Year Retrospective Survey

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Cem Yardimci ◽  
Dilek Arman
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Hemopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Candida species have emerged as one of the most common causes of bloodstream infections (BSIs). There are limited data on the distribution of Candida spp. and susceptibility by year. Objectives: In this study, we analyzed changes in the distribution of Candida spp. and their antifungal susceptibility profiles from blood cultures. Methods: Records from January 2016 to December 2020 were obtained from the microbiology laboratory in Istanbul. Antifungal susceptibility tests were performed using the VITEK 2 compact system and evaluated according to EUCAST breakpoints. A total of 241 unique candidemia episodes were included in this study. Results: Candida albicans was the predominant pathogen (n = 95, 39.42%), followed by C. parapsilosis (n = 82, 34.02%), C. glabrata (n = 18, 7.47%), C. tropicalis (n = 17, 7.05%), C. krusei (n = 15, 6.22%), and other Candida spp. (n = 14, 5.79%). There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of episodes of Candida spp. After data analysis, a tendency to shift from C. albicans to C. parapsilosis was observed in the period analyzed in this study. Candida albicans was the most common species in intensive care units (ICUs), hematology and hemopoietic stem cell transplantation units, and surgical clinics, with C. parapsilosis predominant in medical clinics. In general, micafungin susceptibility was the highest, and fluconazole was the lowest. There was reduced sensitivity to fluconazole and voriconazole for C. albicans and C. parapsilosis over 5 years. Conclusions: Detecting changes in the distribution of Candida spp. and antifungal susceptibility over time will lead to the selection of appropriate empirical therapy and monitor phenomena of antifungal resistance. Empirical treatment with antifungal agents is associated with high costs, toxicities, and risk of antifungal resistance. Therefore, it is mandatory to determine and monitor Candida spp. and antifungal susceptibility testing to select appropriate antifungal agents.

In vitro susceptibility of Candida   albicans clinical isolates to eight antifungal agents in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zida ◽  
A. Yacouba ◽  
S. Bamba ◽  
I. Sangare ◽  
M. Sawadogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Ravuconazole and Voriconazole Compared with Those of Four Approved Systemic Antifungal Agents against 6,970 Clinical Isolates of Candida spp

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1723-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Pfaller ◽  
S. A. Messer ◽  
R. J. Hollis ◽  
R. N. Jones ◽  
D. J. Diekema
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of ravuconazole and voriconazole were compared with those of amphotericin B, flucytosine (5FC), itraconazole, and fluconazole against 6,970 isolates of Candida spp. obtained from over 200 medical centers worldwide. Both ravuconazole and voriconazole were very active against all Candida spp. (MIC at which 90% of the isolates tested are inhibited [MIC90], 0.25 μg/ml; 98% of MICs were ≤1 μg/ml); however, a decrease in the activities of both of these agents was noted among isolates that were susceptible-dose dependent (fluconazole MIC, 16 to 32 μg/ml) and resistant (MIC, ≥ 64 μg/ml) to fluconazole. Candida albicans was the most susceptible species (MIC90 of both ravuconazole and voriconazole, 0.03 μg/ml), and C. glabrata was the least susceptible species (MIC90, 1 to 2 μg/ml). Ravuconazole and voriconazole were each more active in vitro than amphotericin B, 5FC, itraconazole, and fluconazole against all Candida spp. and were the only agents with good in vitro activity against C. krusei. These results provide further evidence for the spectrum and potency of ravuconazole and voriconazole against a large and geographically diverse collection of Candida spp.

scholarly journals Candida albicans Mutations in the Ergosterol Biosynthetic Pathway and Resistance to Several Antifungal Agents

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 2404-2412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Sanglard ◽  
Françoise Ischer ◽  
Tania Parkinson ◽  
Derek Falconer ◽  
Jacques Bille
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Targeted Deletion ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT The role of sterol mutations in the resistance of Candida albicans to antifungal agents has not been thoroughly investigated. Previous work reported that clinical C. albicans strains resistant to both azole antifungals and amphotericin B were defective in ERG3, a gene encoding sterol Δ5,6-desaturase. It is also believed that a deletion of the lanosterol 14α-demethylase gene, ERG11, is possible only under aerobic conditions when ERG3 is not functional. We tested these hypotheses by creating mutants by targeted deletion of the ERG3 and ERG11 genes and subjecting those mutants to antifungal susceptibility testing and sterol analysis. The homozygous erg3/erg3 mutant created, DSY1751, was resistant to azole derivatives, as expected. This mutant was, however, slightly more susceptible to amphotericin B than the parent wild type. It was possible to generate erg11/erg11 mutants in the DSY1751 background but also, surprisingly, in the background of a wild-type isolate with functional ERG3 alleles under aerobic conditions. This mutant (DSY1769) was obtained by exposure of an ERG11/erg11 heterozygous strain in a medium containing 10 μg of amphotericin B per ml. Amphotericin B-resistant strains were obtained only from ERG11/erg11 heterozygotes at a frequency of approximately 5 × 10−5 to 7 × 10−5, which was consistent with mitotic recombination between the first disrupted erg11 allele and the other remaining functional ERG11 allele. DSY1769 was also resistant to azole derivatives. The main sterol fraction in DSY1769 contained lanosterol and eburicol. These studies showed that erg11/erg11 mutants of a C. albicans strain harboring a defective erg11 allele can be obtained in vitro in the presence of amphotericin B. Amphotericin B-resistant strains could therefore be selected by similar mechanisms during antifungal therapy.

In vitro susceptibility of Candida albicans isolates from apical and marginal periodontitis to common antifungal agents

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. T. Waltimo ◽  
D. Ørstavik ◽  
J. H. Meurman ◽  
L. P. Samaranayake ◽  
M. P. P. Haapasalo
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Marginal Periodontitis
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