Terrorism on the High Seas: The Achille Lauro, Piracy and the IMO Convention on Maritime Safety

1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malvina Halberstam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blow Up ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Maritime Safety ◽  
Rescue Mission ◽  
Palestine Liberation Organization ◽  
Port Said ◽  
High Seas

On October 7, 1985, the Achille Lauro, an Italian-flag cruise ship, was seized while sailing from Alexandria to Port Said. The hijackers, members of the Palestine Liberation Front (PLF), a faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), had boarded the ship in Genoa, posing as tourists. They held the ship’s crew and passengers hostage, and threatened to kill the passengers unless Israel released 50 Palestinian prisoners. They also threatened to blow up the ship if a rescue mission was attempted. When their demands had not been met by the following afternoon, the hijackers shot Leon Klinghoffer, a Jew of U.S. nationality who was partly paralyzed and in a wheelchair, and threw his body and wheelchair overboard. The United States characterized the seizure as piracy, a position that has been supported by some commentators and opposed by others.

Law for special environments: jurisdiction over polar activities

Polar Record ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (104) ◽  
pp. 701-705
Author(s):  
Daniel Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
Federal Judge ◽  
High Seas

The T-3 ice island case involved two trials in the United States of a Mexican-American, Mario Escamilla, for allegedly causing the death of a Negro coworker, Bennie Lightsey, on an ice island then at lat 84°45.8'N, long 106°24.4'W, on the High Seas, about 240 km north of Ellesmere Island on 16 July 1970. A federal judge in Virginia allowed Escamilla's first trail to proceed without definitively deciding on objections to jurisdiction, for he expected a ruling on this point on appeal. Issues raised by that trial are covered elsewhere (Pharand, 1971; Wilkes, 1972).

A. B. A. National Institute on Marine Resources

1968 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
Robert B. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Long Beach ◽  
United States Policy ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
High Seas

The first meeting of the A.B.A. National Institute on Marine Resources, sponsored by the Section of Natural Resources Law, was held in Long Beach, California, June 7-10, 1967. The program included the presentation of papers, panel discussions, and questions from the audience dealing with the following topics : United States policy regarding marine resources ; the administration of marine resources underlying the high seas; zones of national interest—a discussion of the need for revision of the Geneva Conventions; the administration of laws for the exploitation of offshore minerals in the United States; and the technological aspects of exploiting marine resources.

scholarly journals Palestine Brings a Case Against the United States in the International Court of Justice at a Fraught Time for U.S.-Palestinian Relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vienna Convention ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
Palestine Liberation Organization ◽  
Optional Protocol ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court ◽  
Settlement Of Disputes ◽  
The Relationship

While Palestine considers itself a state, the United States does not currently recognize it as such. The relationship between the two has continued to deteriorate following the December 2017 announcement that the United States would recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital and move its embassy there. Alleging that the embassy relocation violates international law, Palestine brought a case against the United States in the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in September of 2018. The United States reacted by announcing its withdrawal from the Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations Concerning the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes (Optional Protocol). Also in the fall of 2018, the Trump administration closed the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) office in Washington, curtailed its own Palestinian-focused mission in Jerusalem, and sharply cut U.S. funding focused on Palestinian interests.

United States v. Palestine Liberation Organization

1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-837
Author(s):  
Eric S. Koenig
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
The United States ◽  
District Court ◽  
Palestine Liberation Organization ◽  
Southern District ◽  
The Status ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Summary Judgment

Plaintiff, the United States, brought an action in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and four individuals seeking an injunction to close the PLO’s Permanent Observer Mission (Mission) to the United Nations as violative of the Anti-Terrorism Act of 1987 (ATA). The district court (per Palmieri, J.) entered summary judgment for defendants and held: (1) the ATA does not require the closure of the PLO’s Mission to the United Nations; (2) the status of the PLO’s Mission, an invitee of the United Nations, is protected by the Agreement Between the United States and the United Nations Regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations (Headquarters Agreement); and (3) Congress did not intend the ATA to supersede the Headquarters Agreement.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Human Norovirus GII.Pe-GII.4 Sydney from the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Yang ◽  
Jan Vinjé ◽  
Michael Kulka
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stool Sample ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Human Norovirus

ABSTRACT We report here the first near-complete genome sequence (7,551 nucleotides) of a human norovirus GII.Pe-GII.4 Sydney variant, detected in a stool sample from an outbreak on a cruise ship in 2013.

How the Great Lakes Became "High Seas," and their Status Viewed from the Standpoint of International Law

1910 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-313
Author(s):  
Harry E. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
International Law ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Seas

The convention which met in 1787 to frame the Constitution of the United States, embraced two earnest and determined bodies of men. One favored a strong central government; the other opposed any great increase of power over that granted by the Articles of Confederation. With what jealousy the states guarded their rights and with what reluctance they made surrenders to the federal government is common knowledge. The Constitution, as adopted, was a compromise between the factions, and that part relative to admiralty and maritime jurisdiction was the second great compromise between conflicting depositories of power.

International Aspects of the Titanic Case

1915 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-351
Author(s):  
Arthur K. Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Foreign Law ◽  
Interesting Paper ◽  
The Subject ◽  
International Aspects ◽  
High Seas

The appalling loss of life and property resulting from the sinking of the Titanic served to direct public attention both here and abroad not only to the laws which should provide the safeguards of navigation, but also to the incidence of liability for accidents upon the high seas. The former subject has been dealt with in an interesting paper published in this Journal. We here propose to discuss the application to foreign ships, of the United States rule of the limitation of the shipowner’s liability, the foreign law upon the subject and the significance of the international movement for reform through identic legislation in many countries.

Voting in the Security Council and the PLO

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Gross
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Member State ◽  
Security Council ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Palestine Liberation Organization ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Right

The United States and some other members of the United Nations have been concerned in recent years about the substance of some resolutions of the General Assembly and the procedures by which they were adopted. Their concern was intensified by certain actions at the twenty-ninth session, when the Assembly sustained a ruling of its President with respect to the representation and participation of South Africa in that and future sessions, when it curbed the right of Israel to participate in the debate on the question of Palestine, when it accorded to the representative of the PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) a treatment usually reserved to the head of a member state, and when it declared by Resolution 3210 (XXIX) of October 14, 1974, “that the Palestinian people is the principal party to the question of Palestine” and invited the PLO “to participate in the deliberations of the General Assembly on the question of Palestine in plenary meetings.”

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