Towards a Theory of Ethnic Identity and Migration: The Formation of Ethnic Enclaves by Migrant Germans in Russia and North America

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Waters
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
North America ◽  
Ethnic Enclaves ◽  
And Migration

Towards a Theory of Ethnic Identity and Migration: The Formation of Ethnic Enclaves by Migrant Germans in Russia and North America

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Waters
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Ethnic Enclaves ◽  
Economic Base ◽  
Host Society ◽  
American Midwest ◽  
The North ◽  
Primary Reference ◽  
And Migration

This article explores the determinants for the maintenance of ethnic identity by comparing six groups of migrant Germans. The groups are eighteenth century German peasants migrating to Volga Russia, thirteenth century migrants to Latvia, seventeenth century bureaucrats and traders migrating to Moscow/St. Petersburg, eighteenth century peasant migrants to Pennsylvania, nineteenth century Hutterite migrants to the North American Midwest, and eighteenth century Volga German migrants to the American Midwest. Notably, three of these groups assimilated into the host society, while three of them formed ethnic enclaves. Comparison of the six cases indicated that what determined whether a group would maintain its identity or not depended on whether individuals could move their inheritable economic base. This is because in the immigrant situation it is the inheritable economic base which determines who the primary reference group will be.

Effects of Psychedelic Use on Racial Trauma Symptoms and Ethnic Identity among Asians in North America

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Terence H. W. Ching ◽  
Alan K. Davis ◽  
Yitong Xin ◽  
Monnica T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
North America ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Racial Trauma

Somali Ventures in China: Trade and Mobility in a Transnational Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Lochery
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Career Path ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
The West ◽  
China Trade ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Trading Economy

Abstract:Research on Somali mobility and migration has predominantly focused on forced migration from Somalia and diaspora communities in Western Europe and North America, neglecting other experiences and destinations. This article traces the journeys of Somali traders from East Africa to China, mapping the growth of a transnational trading economy that has offered a stable career path to a few but a chance to scrape by for many others. Understandings of migration and mobility must encompass these precarious terrains, allowing for a richer examination of how individuals have navigated war, displacement, and political and economic change by investing in transnational livelihoods, not just via ties to the West, but through the myriad connections linking African economies to the Gulf and Asia.

German Migrations: Between Blood and Soil

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Brinkmann
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Frankfurt Am Main ◽  
Bundesrepublik Deutschland ◽  
Ethnic Germans ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Cultural Belonging

Dieter Gosewinkel, Einbürgern und Ausschließen. Die Nationalisierung der Staatsangehörigkeit vom Deutschen Bund bis zur Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2001)Daniel Levy, Yfaat Weiss, ed., Challenging Ethnic Citizenship: German and Israeli Perspectives on Immigration (New York/Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2002)Barbara Marshall, The New Germany and Migration in Europe (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000)Jan Motte, Rainer Ohliger, Anne von Oswald, ed., 50 Jahre Bundesrepublik – 50 Jahre Einwanderung: Nachkriegsgeschichte als Migrationsgeschichte (Frankfurt am Main/New York: Campus, 1999)David Rock and Stefan Wolff, ed., Coming Home to Germany? The Integration of Ethnic Germans from Central and Eastern Europe in the Federal Republic since 1945 (New York/Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2002)Stefan Wolff, ed., German Minorities in Europe: Ethnic Identity and Cultural Belonging (New York/Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2000)

Early Contact and Migration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Fawn Chung
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
American West ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
The West ◽  
Value Differences ◽  
Chain Migration ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
And Migration

This chapter focuses on the early contact between Chinese and Americans, the lumber trade, the Chinese immigration to the American West, the recruitment of workers to North America, chain migration, and the importance of early Chinese organizations. It examines why and how the Chinese first came to the American West, what kinds of organizations they established, how they were recruited for work, and what they contributed to the building of the new frontier. It also considers how trade between the West Coast and China, and especially the latter's eastern coastal cities, developed and shows that most Chinese immigrants harbored the “American dream” and thus came voluntarily to the American West. Finally, it discusses some of the factors that worked against the Chinese's acculturation and assimilation, including, language and value differences.

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