Employee Exposure to Coworker Substance Use and Negative Consequences: The Moderating Effects of Work Group Membership

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel B. Bennett ◽  
Wayne E. K. Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Moderating Effects

scholarly journals The Association between Sociocultural Factors and Substance Use among Haramaya University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117822182110045
Author(s):  
Zelalem Tadese Feyisa
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
University Students ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
University Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Khat Use

All the associated risk factors were not equally responsible for influencing individuals either in alcohol use, khat use, tobacco, or cannabis use. This study attempted to examine sociocultural factors influencing university students in substance use by comparing one with another. A cross-sectional study was carried out. The study used a quantitative approach to collect data from 384 students. Compared with their involvement in khat use, female students were positively influenced in cigarette and hashish use (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR = 1.102, 95% CI: 1.056, 1.149) and alcohol use (AOR = 1.066, 95% CI: 1.021, 1.113). The involvement of students in alcohol use (AOR = 0.884, 95% CI: 0.838, 0.932) and cigarettes and hashish use (AOR = 0.909, 95% CI: 0.866, 0.953) were negatively associated with stress related to their academic activities. The involvement of students in alcohol use (AOR = 0.942, 95% CI: 0.906, 0.979) was negatively associated with parental influences; involved in alcohol use (AOR = 0.445, 95% CI: 0.210, 0.941) was negatively associated with the thoughts of considering substances as an energizer. The involvement of students in alcohol use (AOR = 4.980, 95% CI: 1.614, 15.368) was positively associated with peer influences. It was, thus, suggested that the management of Haramaya University should work on creating awareness of the negative consequences of substance use. Concerned professionals, including sociologists, psychologists, and health workers, should work on raising students’ awareness as it was possible to undertake their studies without substance use. Moreover, the university management is strongly recommended to expand recreational centers within the campus. Lastly, Haramaya woreda administration should restrict the availability and accessibility of these substances around the campus.

scholarly journals Adolescent Mental Health, Behavior Problems, and Academic Achievement

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane D. McLeod ◽  
Ryotaro Uemura ◽  
Shawna Rohrman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
High School Gpa ◽  
Academic Aptitude

Prior research on the association of mental health and behavior problems with academic achievement is limited because it does not consider multiple problems simultaneously, take co-occurring problems into account, and control for academic aptitude. We addressed these limitations using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health ( N = 6,315). We estimated the associations of depression, attention problems, delinquency, and substance use with two indicators of academic achievement (high school GPA and highest degree received) with controls for academic aptitude. Attention problems, delinquency, and substance use were significantly associated with diminished achievement, but depression was not. Combinations of problems involving substance use were especially consequential. Our results demonstrate that the social consequences of mental health problems are not the inevitable result of diminished functional ability but, rather, reflect negative social responses. These results also encourage a broader perspective on mental health by demonstrating that behavior problems heighten the negative consequences of more traditional forms of distress.

Measuring Readiness to Change Substance Use, Alcohol Use, and Cannabis Use: An Experimental Manipulation of Cognitive Effort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J Schwebel ◽  
Jude G. Chavez ◽  
Matthew Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Negative Consequences

The Transtheoretical Model supports that readiness to change should predict actual substance-related behavior change, though this relationship is surprisingly modest. Across several behavioral domains, individuals tend to have unrealistic expectations regarding the amount of effort and time required to successfully change one’s behaviors, dubbed the False Hope Syndrome. Based on the False Hope Syndrome, we expect that the standard method of measuring self-reported readiness to change is inaccurate and overestimated. To test this hypothesis, we experimentally manipulated the level of cognitive effort or focus on the practical implications of changing substance use prior to completing readiness to change measures. College students from a large southwestern university who reported using substances in the past 30 days (n = 345) were recruited from a psychology department participant pool to complete this experimental study online. Participants were randomized to one of three conditions: 1) standard low effort condition, 2) medium effort condition (had to select likes/dislikes of substance use, and negative consequences of changing one’s use), and 3) high effort condition (also provided text responses to how they would handle difficult situations related to changing their substance use). We conducted one-way ANOVAs with Tukey post-hoc comparisons to examine differences on three measures of readiness to change: the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA) scale for overall substance use as well as the readiness and motivation rulers for overall substance use, alcohol use, and cannabis use. Contrary to our hypothesis, all significant statistical tests supported higher cognitive effort conditions reporting higher readiness to change. Although effect sizes were modest, higher cognitive effort appeared to increase self-reported readiness to change substance use. To address the present study’s limitations, additional work is needed to test how self-reported readiness to change relates to actual behavior change when assessed under the different effort conditions.

Impulsivity and Drug-Seeking Behavior in Substance Misuse

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-86
Author(s):  
Noelle C. Anastasio ◽  
Dennis J. Sholler ◽  
Brionna D. Davis-Reyes ◽  
Amanda E. Price ◽  
Michelle A. Land ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Psychoactive Drugs ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Drug Seeking ◽  
Drug Cues ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Substances Of Abuse

Vulnerability to initiate use of psychoactive drugs as well as relapse to drug-seeking in patients with established substance use disorders are precipitated by behavioral disinhibition or impulsivity (a predisposition toward rapid unplanned reactions to stimuli without regard to negative consequences) and attentional bias toward drug cues (cue reactivity). These behavioral phenotypes are not independent mechanistically nor neurobiologically, and preclinical analyses have demonstrated the complex nature of the interactions between these interlocked phenotypic behaviors, including aspects of their shared neurobiology and circuitry. This chapter focuses on impulsivity and drug-seeking behaviors from a preclinical perspective and summarizes studies exploring the impact of substances of abuse in the context of the neurobiology of impulsivity and drug-seeking behaviors in rodents.

scholarly journals Parents' experiences of substance use problems, parenthood, and recovery within the 12-step movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 576-591
Author(s):  
Karin Heimdahl Vepsä
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Transformative Experience ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Step Movement ◽  
Substance Use Problems ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Parents Experiences

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore how people with earlier substance use problems narrated their experiences of becoming and being parents. The literature in this area is limited. Method: The study participants, all active members of the 12-step movement, were interviewed about their experiences of substance use problems, recovery, and parenthood. The data were analysed using a narrative theoretical framework seeking to answer the questions of how the parents narrate their experiences of parenthood within the frame of a classic 12-step storyline and how they present themselves as parents through these narratives. Results: The results show that, on the whole, the narratives conformed to a classic 12-step storyline. For example, the narratives’ turning points were often built up around experiences of “hitting rock bottom”, when the negative consequences of substance use culminated in dramatic events forcing the narrators to see the seriousness of their problems. At the same time the motivational potential of having or expecting (or wishing for future) children was downplayed by several study participants, who instead said that positive driving forces such as human relationships were not enough to break through their denial of their substance use problems. Finally, all study participants described how the process of working towards sobriety had been a transformative experience through which they had come in better contact with their feelings and emotions, and they defined this as an important resource in their everyday lives as parents. Conclusion: The results showed that the parents, when narrating their experiences within the frames of a classic 12-step storyline, were also able to present themselves as competent parents, empowered rather than stigmatised by their earlier experiences.

The Influence of Delinquent Peer Affiliation on Substance Use: The Moderating Effects of Anxiety and Depression

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-464
Author(s):  
Thalia Rodriguez ◽  
Jeffrey T. Ward ◽  
Marie Skubak Tillyer ◽  
James V. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Peer Affiliation ◽  
Delinquent Peer
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