Shells from Maya Excavations in British Honduras

1937 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horace G. Richards ◽  
H. J. Boekelman
Keyword(s):  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
British Honduras

Two small collections of shells obtained from Maya ruins in British Honduras have recently come to hand, and it has been thought worth while to record the species found, both from a conchological and archaeological viewpoint. When shells are found in archaeological sites, their classification and correlation of original habitats often permit interesting deductions to be made concerning trade routes or relations.The first set was collected by Dr. Thomas Gann from a crystal burial mound near Rio Hok Skum. The locality is near Corozal in the northern part of British Honduras and about thirty miles from the boundary of Quintana Roo, Mexico.

scholarly journals Sequência estratigráfica e materiais cerâmicos do sítio da Póvoa do Mileu (Guarda, Portugal) = Stratigraphic sequence and ceramic materials of the settlement of Póvoa do Mileu (Guarda, Portugal)

2020 ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Vitor Manuel Fernandes Pereira ◽  
Tiago Pinheiro Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historic City ◽  
Railroad Station

<p>Accidentalmente descubierto en 1951, durante la construcción de la carretera de enlace entre la ciudad histórica y la estación de ferrocarril, el yacimiento arqueológico de Mileu se convirtió rápidamente en uno de los yacimientos arqueológicos más emblemáticos de la Beira Interior. En este artículo, tenemos la intención de presentar<br />los resultados de la investigación que hemos desarrollado en el sitio en los últimos 15 años, destacando el análisis del material cerámico como elemento de datación de las diferentes fases de ocupación de Mileu. Su análisis confirma una secuencia ocupacional desde la primera mitad del siglo I A.D hasta los siglos XII / XIII. Los materiales romanos analizados son principalmente de importación, permitiendo no solo una datación de contextos, sino también comprender su origen, el contexto de su uso o cuestiones relacionadas con las rutas comerciales dentro del Imperio Romano y el cruce del territorio de la Beira Interior. En cuanto a los materiales medievales, de producción local, muestran la continuación de la ocupación del yacimiento en épocas pos-romana</p><p>Accidentally discovered in 1951, during the construction of the link road between the historic city and the railroad station, the archaeological site of Mileu quickly became one of the most emblematic archaeological sites of Beira Interior. In this article we plan to present the results of research that we have developed on the site over the past<br />15 years, highlighting the analysis of the ceramic material while dating element of the different occupation phases of Mileu. Their analysis confirms an occupational sequence from the first half of the century A.D. to the XII / XIII centuries. The analyzed Roman materials are primarily imported, allowing not only a dating of contexts, but also how to understand their origin, the context of its use, or issues related to the trade routes within the Roman Empire and crossing the territory of Beira Interior. As for the medieval materials, local production, show the continuation of the occupation site in post-Roman times</p>

A Trial Survey of the Southern Maya Area

1943 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eric S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Central Area ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Northern Area ◽  
Initial Series ◽  
Southern Area ◽  
British Honduras ◽  
Maya Area

Maya history can be divided into four great periods; the formative, the initial series, the Mexican, and the Mexican absorption. The formative period (prior to A.D. 300) comprises the Mamom and Chicanel phases at Uaxactun and coeval phases found elsewhere in the central area (Petén, British Honduras, Chiapas, Tabasco, lower Motagua, drainage), the northern area (Yucatan, northern Campeche, Quintana Roo) and, as we shall see, the southern area.

scholarly journals EXCAVATIONS OF KASTYKI BARROW CEMETERY IN THE VILIYA UPPER REACHES IN 1973

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-132
Author(s):  
M. A. Plavinski ◽  
M. I. Stsiapanava
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
The West ◽  
Burial Rites ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
New Research ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Village

The complex of archaeological monuments near the village Kastyki of the Viliejka district of the Minsk region consists of an Old Rus’ barrow cemetery and an open settlement, which functioned from the late Neolithic period to the third quarter of the 1st millennium AD. The complex of archaeological sites under the question is located in the eastern part of the village Kastyki in the upper reaches of the Vilija, on its right bank, 2.5 km from the confluence of the Servač River into Vilija River. For the first time, studies at Kastyki were carried out by K. Tyszkiewicz in 1856, when he excavated here one partially destroyed mound, containing neither traces of burial nor burial goods. In 1973, J. Zviaruha conducted a study of the barrow cemetery in Kastyki and excavated here 7 burial mounds. This article is devoted to the publication of materials from the Kastyki barrow cemetery, which took place in 1973 under the direction of J. Zviaruha. The focus is on rethinking the results of the 1973 excavations in the light of new research conducted in 2016 and 2018. The analysis of materials from the excavation of the burial mound, carried out in 1973, suggests that the necropolis functioned during the middle of the 11th—12th centuries. It belonged to a group of residents of the Polatsk land, who made burials according to the rites of inhumation on the basis of burial mounds, with their heads directed to the west. This, in turn, suggests that the members of the Old Rus’ community, which left the necropolis in Kastyki, had a certain understanding of the Christian burial rites.

scholarly journals Studies of Paleometallic Era Burial Monuments on the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese Islands

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Elena Solov'eva ◽  
Irina Gnezdilova ◽  
Anastasiya Nesterkina ◽  
Aleksandr Solov'ev
Keyword(s):  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Similar Images ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Japanese Islands

The study is focused on the cultural contacts between the population of the Korean Peninsula and that of the Japanese islands during the Paleometallic Era based on the materials of the mound-type burial monuments. The time span under study corresponds to Yayoi and Kofun periods in Japan and the Three Kingdoms period in Korea. Field studies of archaeological sites in the Republic of Korea and Japan allow identifying the shapes of barrow mounds characteristic of the Japanese islands solely as well as those found in both territories. In recent years, fragments of clay figures similar to the Japanese Haniva have been discovered at the monuments located on the Korean Peninsula. The comparative study of plot-figure ceramics allowed identifying similar images and plots: dwelling structures, boats, birds, deer, etc. The wooden intra-grave structures – wells and composite coffins used for burials – were found analogous. The use of wood for burials in ancient Japan has been attributed to the influence of migrants from the Korean Peninsula. The excavations of the Kyo-dong Songhyo-dong burial mound in the south of the Korean Peninsula have revealed traces of contacts with the population of the Japanese islands. The Kyo-dong Songhyo-dong burial ground belongs to the Japanese Senzuka burial monuments, which are burial mounds comprising hundreds or thousands of small circular mounds closely adjoi­ning each other. The similar sites found in central Japan and in the south of the Korean Peninsula attest to the close relationships between the two territories.

scholarly journals Sarmatian burials of the kurgan semetеry

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-133
Author(s):  
Yakov B. Berezin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
The People ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Archaeological Cultures

The discussed materials originate from burials No. 2 and 5 of mound 1 of the Nezlobnensky-6 burial mound, investigated in 2006 by the expedition of the NASLEDIE (Stavropol). The documentation stored in the archive of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as diary entries and field photography of the author were used in the publication. Results. The funeral rite of the burials and gravegoods are described in detail and analyzed in the main part of the publication. The finds were dated, their place among the archaeological cultures of the peoples who inhabited the Central Pre-Caucasus in the Early Iron Age was determined. A circle of analogies is given among synchronous archaeological sites, both in the central Pre-Caucasus and in adjacent territories. Conclusion. Burial 2 dates from the III-I centuries BC and is associated with the culture of the pre-Caucasian Sarmatians, presumably the Sirak tribal union. This type of graves was identified by archaeologists in the middle of the XX century and since then their number has been steadily increasing. Burial 5 is also dated to Sarmatian period, but earlier than burial 2. It belongs to the IV century BC and is a rather rare form of burial, a collective military grave. It is likely that all the people buried there died at the same time, as a result of a military conflict.

scholarly journals Chronology of a Medieval complex from the Papskoye settlement (forest-steppe of Western Siberia)

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
N.P. Matveeva ◽  
E.A. Tret'iakov ◽  
A.S. Zelenkov
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Middle Ages ◽  
The Right

A large number of imported items found in the occupation layers of archaeological sites in the Trans-Urals and Western Siberia suggest that, in the Middle Ages, these regions were on the periphery of trade routes and were involved in global historical events. In this connection, the dating of material culture provides details about trade and economic, as well as social and political, aspects of the life of communities of the past. One of the new archaeological sites allowing the dynamics of material culture to be traced is a multi-layered Papskoye settlement. This site constitutes a fortification having two areas and powerful defensive lines, located on top of the right-bank terrace of the Iset River. In this study, structures attributed to different chronological periods were analysed and artefacts were collected (7th century BC — 14th century AD). Nevertheless, collections of items dating back to the High Middle Ages (late 9th — early 14th centuries) are the most representative as they most objectively reflect the historical and cultural processes that took place in this region. Most of the finds of arrowheads, elements of cloth-ing and horse harnesses, as well as household items, in the Papskoye settlement belong to this time. In this study, we used a comparative-typological method followed by the identification of the types of things. In order to establish the most accurate chronological framework, as well as to determine the primary centres for the production of certain items, we applied the method of analogy using a wide range of material culture from the neighbouring territories, which include Altai, Mongolia, Volga region, Kama area, the Caucasus, the north of Western Siberia, etc. In this study, we identified two chronological phases within the High Middle Ages using the materials of the Papskoye fortified settlement: 1) late 9th — 12th centuries; 2) late 12th — early 14th centuries. They correspond to the period when the carriers of the Yudino and Chiyalik cultures inhabited this site. In addition, a large number of direct analogies with the neighbouring territories suggests that the territory of the forest-steppe Trans-Urals was located on the periphery of trade routes through which imports came from Southern Siberia, Volga Bulgaria and the Upper Kama area.

scholarly journals Phytolith research in the South of Western Siberia

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Solomonova ◽  
M. M. Silantyeva ◽  
N. Yu. Speranskaya
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
The South

<p>The research of modern and fossil soils was conducted at three archaeological sites: Nizhniy Kayancha, Novoilinka-3, and Tytkesken-2. Nizhniy Kayancha is a burial ground (dated 5th century BC) situated on the left bank of the Katun River (400-700 m above sea level). An archaeological site is a burial mound with seven mounds which can be visually separated within the site, and which are placed by small chains with 2–3 objects. The south mound of the first group was examined for a phytolith analysis. Еhe Novoilinka-3 settlement (dated 3rd millennium BC) is situated in the north of Kulunda, in the southern part of a hill formed by the false River Burla. The Tytkesken-2 settlement is situated on the verge of the stream Tytkesken, the left tributary of the Katun River, on its second terrace above the flood plain.</p><p>Geobotanical research was conducted in the territory of the archaeological sites under study. Grass phytoliths of modern flora were examined. Soil samples from different layers of the walls of excavation sites were collected. Phytolith extraction was based on the methods described by A.A. Golyeva. 20 g of soil, and 100 g of plant material of each species were processed during the initial period. The examination of the phytoliths of leaves, stalks and flower heads from the samples obtained from the plant material was carried out with the help of an optical microscope (Olympus BX-51). The phytoliths were counted to 250 (in ashed plants) and to 300 (in soils) particles.</p><p>More mesophytic plant communities of the ancient epochs have been reconstructed for all three examined archaeological sites. The territory of the Nizhniy Kayancha burial ground was covered by birch forest at the time prior to formation of the archaeological site. The territory of Novoilinka-3 settlement was covered by pine and birch steppificated forest in the Eneolithic period, but the territory was deforested as the settlement developed. Several stages of vegetation change have been reconstructed for the Tytkesken-2 archaeological site. This includes deforestation of pine forest and further steppe formation in the late Neolithic Age, prairiefication in the Eneolithic Age and new steppe formation in the Bronze Age up to the present time.</p>

New Light on the Belize Dispute

1958 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne M. Clegern
Keyword(s):  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
British Colony ◽  
British Honduras ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Republic

British Honduras, or Belize, has a diplomatic history at once notable and obscure. Bordered by the Mexican State of Quintana Roo, the Republic of Guatemala and the Caribbean Sea, this British Colony has an area of 8,598 square miles and is thus a little larger than Wales or Massachusetts.

SOME RESULTS ON THE SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION OF THE OBJECTS OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE IN THE ALTAI TERRITORY IN 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
BELOUSOV R. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
State Supervision ◽  
Ceramic Vessel ◽  
Archaeological Work

The article is dedicated to the results of the work of the Archaeology Sector of the Department of State Supervision of the Office of State Protection of the Cultural Heritage of the Altai Territory which was founded in 2019. The most important areas of activity of the staff of the Archaeology Sector are the systematic observation of archaeological heritage, the identification of damage as a result of illegal and unauthorized archaeological work, as well as the implementation of measures for the preservation and protection of archaeological sites. The article highlights the work in the regulatory and practical sphere of the protection of the objects of cultural heritage in 2020 at various archaeological sites: barrows, archaeological sites, ancient settlements. During these events, archaeological structures were recorded: dwellings, ditches and ramparts. The results of work on the archaeological sites in the Talmensky, Topchikhinsky, Burlinsky and Slavgorodsky districts of Altai Territory are reflected. These observations complement the available scientific evidence for a number of archaeological sites. Keywords: sectors of archaeology, objects of cultural heritage, settlement, moat, rampart, dwelling, burial mound, cultural layer, ceramic vessel, archaeological items

scholarly journals Archaeological lacquer objects from the Orgoyton burial ground

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-217
Author(s):  
К.Б. Калинина ◽  
Н.Н. Николаев ◽  
М.В. Мичри ◽  
А.И. Ревельский
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Polarization Microscopy ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chromatomass Spectrometry ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Scanning Electron

Исследованные лаковые артефакты были обнаружены при раскопках княжеского кургана хунну на могильнике Оргойтон в Забайкалье, который датируется I веком до н. э. – I веком нашей эры. Хотя захоронение было разграблено в древности, в нем были обнаружены детали колес китайской колесницы, покрытые черным лаком, а также мелкие фрагменты, возможно, осколки лаковой посуды. Технологические особенности этих разнообразных объектов были изучены путем исследования стратиграфии шлифов с помощью методов поляризационной микроскопии (ПМ) и сканирующей (растровой) электронной микроскопии в сочетании с энергодисперсионным рентгеновским микроанализом (РЭМ/ЭРМ). Состав органических материалов был изучен с помощью метода пиролитической хромато-масс-спектрометрии. В результате исследования было показано, что при создании всех предметов был использован китайский лак уруси. Поскольку лаковые деревья, сок которых служит для изготовления такого рода изделий, не произрастают в этом регионе, полученный результат дополняет имеющуюся информацию о существовании этнических контактов между Китаем и народами, проживающими в Забайкалье. После исследования археологических объектов была проведена их консервация. The studied lacquer artifacts were discovered during the excavations of the princely Hunnu burial mound at the Orgoyton burial ground in Transbaikalia, which dates back to the I century BC – I century AD and which is associated with the Asian Huns (Hunnu), in the Orgoyton burial ground on the territory of Transbaikalia. Although the burial was looted in ancient times, parts of the wheels of a Chinese chariot were found in it, covered with black lacquer, as well as small fragments, possibly fragments of lacquer ware. The technological features of these various objects were studied by studying the stratigraphy of the sections using the methods of polarization microscopy (PM) and scanning (scanning) electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM/ERM). The composition of organic materials was studied using pyrolytic chromatomass spectrometry. As a result of the study, it was shown that when creating all the items, Chinese urushi varnish was used. Since the lacquer trees whose sap serves for the manufacture of such products do not grow in this region, the result obtained complements the available information about the existence of ethnic contacts between China and the peoples living in Transbaikalia. After the study of archaeological sites, their conservation was carried out.

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