Shakespeare's Pacifism

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Marx
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Military Cultures ◽  
The Military ◽  
Of Greece

Like Youth and Age or Reason and Passion, War and Peace was one of those polarities that Renaissance writers persistently thought about as well as with. Reflection upon war and peace was at the heart of the Humanist movement, just as the conduct of war and peace was at the foundation of the European state system during the early modern period. This concern with war and peace arose from Humanism's defining traits: its exaltation of fame, its fascination with the military cultures of Greece and Rome, its emphasis on human dignity and freedom, its pursuit of secular knowledge in history and psychology, and its political commitment to improving the quality of institutional and personal life.’

Towards an Analytical Model of Military Effectiveness for the Early Modern Period: the Military Dynamics of the 1715 Jacobite Rebellion

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-316
Author(s):  
Daniel Szechi
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Military History ◽  
Military Effectiveness ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anglophone World ◽  
British State ◽  
The Military

Abstract Early modern European rebellions have long been of interest to military historians, yet, with the exception of the 1745 rebellion led by Charles Edward Stuart, the military history of the Jacobite rebellions against the English/British state is little known outside the Anglophone world. Likewise, though there have been many analyses of particular rebellions no analytical model of rebel military capabilities has hitherto been proposed, and thus meaningful comparisons between early modern rebellions located in different regions and different eras has been difficult. This article accordingly offers an analysis of the military effectiveness of the Jacobite rebels in 1715-16 structured by a model adapted from the ›Military Effectiveness‹ framework first advanced by Allan Millett and Williamson Murray. This is with a view to stimulating military-historical interest in Jacobite rebellions other than the ’45, and promoting more systematic discussion of the military effectiveness of early modern European rebel armies.

China's Hegemony

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
East Asian Language

Many have viewed the tribute system as China's tool for projecting its power and influence in East Asia, treating other actors as passive recipients of Chinese domination. China's Hegemony sheds new light on this system and shows that the international order of Asia's past was not as Sinocentric as conventional wisdom suggests. Instead, throughout the early modern period, Chinese hegemony was accepted, defied, and challenged by its East Asian neighbors at different times, depending on these leaders' strategies for legitimacy among their populations. Focusing on China-Korea-Japan dynamics of East Asian international politics during the Ming and High Qing periods, Ji-Young Lee draws on extensive research of East Asian language sources, including records written by Chinese and Korean tributary envoys. She offers fascinating and rich details of war and peace in Asian international relations, addressing questions such as: why Japan invaded Korea and fought a major war against the Sino-Korean coalition in the late sixteenth century; why Korea attempted to strike at the Ming empire militarily in the late fourteenth century; and how Japan created a miniature tributary order posing as the center of Asia in lieu of the Qing empire in the seventeenth century.

scholarly journals Myths of military revolution: European expansion and Eurocentrism

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Sharman
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
European Expansion ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Western Expansion ◽  
Military Revolution ◽  
Military Innovations ◽  
The Military ◽  
Social Root

This article critiques explanations of the rise of the West in the early modern period premised on the thesis that military competition drove the development of gunpowder technology, new tactics, and the Westphalian state, innovations that enabled European trans-continental conquests. Even theories in International Relations and other fields that posit economic or social root causes of Western expansion often rely on this “military revolution” thesis as a crucial intervening variable. Yet, the factors that defined the military revolution in Europe were absent in European expeditions to Asia, Africa, and the Americas, and conventional accounts are often marred by Eurocentric biases. Given the insignificance of military innovations, Western expansion prior to the Industrial Revolution is best explained by Europeans’ ability to garner local support and allies, but especially by their deference to powerful non-Western polities.

scholarly journals French Law and its Expansion in the Early Modern Period

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Dauchy
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
French Law ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of

The history of French law in the early modern period is characterized by gradual unification, rationalization, and centralization. From the fifteenth century, the central authorities started the official registration of customary law, seeking to implement more legal uniformity and security. The homologation process resulted in the publication of doctrinal treatises, in particular about the custom of Paris, which later became the chief legal basis of the 1804 Code civil. Case law also contributed to the consolidation of private law. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries are marked by the political commitment of the monarchy to codify law in order to achieve legal and procedural unification, assert royal legislation as the main source of law, and contribute to France’s commercial and colonial policy. The great ordinances of Louis XIV and the custom of Paris were indeed transplanted to Canada and Louisiana and therefore became the main expressions of France’s legal expansion.

Civil Autonomy and Military Power in Early Modern Ireland

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheál Ó Siochrú
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Military Force ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
The Military

AbstractThe transformation of Irish towns in the early modern period (from bastions of English loyalism, to centers of Catholic resistance, to stridently Protestant colonial outposts) has received relatively little attention from historians. Instead, scholars have focused on the major land transfers of the seventeenth century, but the change in urban settlement patterns proved even more dramatic and was closely related to the positioning of civic communities in relation to the military struggles of the 1640s and 1650s. The central argument is that the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland marked a crucial and irrevocable transformation in both the possibilities of civic militarism and the nature of urban society and politics more generally. It demonstrates that during the 1640s, the citizens of Ireland’s major provincial cities participated in the troubles through strategic neutralism and the retention (or careful negotiation) of military force, acting with the fortunes of the citizenry in mind. This approach continued a tradition of relative civic autonomy, which was probably more embedded and accentuated in Ireland than either Scotland or England.

scholarly journals Česká vojenská příručka z roku 1618

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Klára Andresová
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Military

In the early modern period, only a few military handbooks were printed in the Czech language in the Kingdom of Bohemia. The first of them was a translation of Kriegs Discurs written by Lazarus von Schwendi, which was published by Daniel Carolides in Prague in 1618 as Discurs o běhu válečném [A Discourse on the Course of War]. The book was translated from German by Bartoloměj Havlík of Varvažov and edited by his son Jan Havlík of Varvažov. It was published only six months after the beginning of the Bohemian Revolt, which started the Thirty Years’ War. It is possible that this handbook was printed because its originators wanted to support the Bohemian Revolt. The book was dedicated to one of the main figures of the revolt – Albrecht Jan Smiřický, who however died only a few days after the publication of the title. Discurs o běhu válečném presented military thoughts from the 1550s together with some later ideas from the 1570s. The publication discussed the military organisation, various military ranks and offices and the obligations of soldiers. The book has been published in Czech only once, but there are at least four editions in German.

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