Pre-1900 Industrial White Collar Employees at the Krupp Steel Casting Works: A New Occupational Category in Germany

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Pierenkemper
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Steel Casting ◽  
Work Force ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Occupational Category ◽  
White Collar Employee ◽  
Late Nineteenth

In this article, Dr. Pierenkemper investigates a new occupational category—the industrial white collar employee—in the late-nineteenth century Krupp Steel Casting Works in Essen, Germany. In contrast to previous historians, Pierenkemper demonstrates that white collar employees were far from homogeneous: differing among themselves, they were also largely isolated from the labor market as a whole. He concludes that widespread intrafirm occupational mobility underlay this distinctive work environment, and suggests that management may have consciously encouraged such moving about to segment its work force.

Authority and Efficiency: The Labor Market and the Managerial Revolution of the Late Nineteenth Century

1984 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Clark
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Increase Production Efficiency ◽  
Production Decisions ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Late Nineteenth

The managerial revolution resulted in the concentration of production decisions in the hands of management. Radical economists and historians have disputed the conventional view that these changes in work organization were necessary to increase production efficiency. Yet curiously there seem to be few issues of fact in dispute between the radical and the conventional accounts. I offer here an interpretation of the radical position which explains why this is so, and why profitable and efficient organizations of work will differ in capitalist economies. The argument hinges on the conditions under which workers were able to act collectively.

The Impact of Late Nineteenth-Century Unions on Labor Earnings and Hours: Iowa in 1894

ILR Review ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Eichengreen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Wage Dispersion ◽  
Labor Earnings ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents an analysis of data on male workers taken from an 1894 survey of the Iowa labor market. Consistent with the results of earlier research by Paul Douglas, the author finds evidence of a statistically significant and economically important union earnings premium. The analysis also shows that late nineteenth-century unionism, like unionism in the twentieth century, tended to reduce wage dispersion. On the other hand, the author finds no evidence that late nineteenth-century unions reduced the length of the workday for union members compared to nonunion workers.

scholarly journals One Market or Many? Labor Market Integration in the Late Nineteenth-Century United States

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Rosenbloom
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Labor Market Integration ◽  
Demand Growth ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Nineteenth Century United States

This article examines the geographic integration of U.S. labor markets from 1870 to 1898, using previously unexploited wage and price data for 23 occupations in 12 major cities. In contrast to the increasing nationalization found in other markets at that time, the labor market was characterized by large and persistent real wage differentials both within and between regions, leaving little doubt that late nineteenth-century labor markets remained far from completely integrated. The differentials, however, owed as much to substantial variations in labor demand growth as to the lack of labor market integration.

Jews in the Tropics: Bahian Jews in the Early Twentieth Century

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Regina Largman ◽  
Robert M. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Quota System ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Plantation Labor ◽  
The Tropics

A monarchy based on the slave plantation labor of Africans until the late nineteenth century, vast Brazil offered little appeal to European immigrants except in the far south of the country, where smaller plots of arable land became available as the coffee frontier expanded. Facing shortages in slave supply after mid-century, when the British forced the Brazilians to end the trans-Atlantic slave trade, provincial governments attempted to lure European immigrants by granting subsidies to pay for transport and for initial costs of settlements. In 1881, the Imperial government joined in the effort to recruit immigrants who, in addition to providing a replenished work force, could also be counted on to “whiten” the population. Germans predominated among immigrants until 1886, followed by Italians, Poles, and some Japanese until the 1930's, when rising xenophobia led Brazilian officials to curtail immigration and to install a restrictive quota system.

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