Physical Effects and Motor Responses to Music

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott Dainow
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Skin Resistance ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Physical Effects

This article briefly surveys the literature on experiments relating to the physical effects of listening to music, as well as motor responses to music. The various response parameters discussed include heart rate, respiration, galvanic skin resistance, and muscle tension. Motor response to music is discussed as well. Other aspects considered are methodolgical issues, the comparative responsitivity of musical and nonmusical subjects, and the problem of subjective and objective correspondence of response data. Some cautions and directions for future research are discussed briefly.

The effects of exposure on the generalization of habituation on multiple indices of disgust

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
Steven D. Tsao ◽  
Dean McKay
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Habituation Phase

Examination of habituation to disgust-related stimuli has received limited experimental investigation. In this study, 38 undergraduates were divided into two groups. The vomit-blood (VB) group was first exposed to a realistic approximation of vomit and allowed to habituate to this stimulus, while the blood-vomit (BV) group was first allowed to habituate to a realistic approximation of blood. Following the habituation phase, each group underwent a short exposure to the unexposed stimuli (blood in the VB group, vomit in the BV group). Physiological and self-report assessments were collected during exposure. Self-report habituation was observed for both groups. In addition, only muscle tension at the levator labii and heart rate in the VB group demonstrated significant changes that could be interpreted as habituation. Consistent with previous literature, muscle tension at the levator labii appeared to be a unique indicator of disgust responding. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Specificity in Verbal and Physiological Indicants of Anxiety

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 663-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Brandt ◽  
Walter D. Fenz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Skin Resistance ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Consistent Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Manifest Anxiety

Relationships between subjective self-reports of anxiety and objective recordings of comparable physiological indices were studied. A modification of the Taylor Manifest Anxiety scales for autonomic arousal (AA) and striated muscle tension (MT) provides self-reports of anxiety. Group 1 Ss' scores showed AA < MT and Group 2 MT > AA. Skin resistance, basal conductance, heart rate, eyeblinks, and number of EMGs showed consistent group differences. Heart rate indicated that differences between groups were related to the level of induced stress, the higher levels being associated with greater group differences. Most measures showed successive increases in activity across conditions, indicating that Ss were responsive to them. EMG showed a peak in the condiition of mild stress which might reflect inhibitory control.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Fetal Electrocardiogram Monitoring Techniques: Potential and Future Research Opportunities in Smart Textiles

Signals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-412
Author(s):  
Geetika Aggarwal ◽  
Yang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fetal Electrocardiogram ◽  
Smart Textiles ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Electrocardiogram Monitoring

During the pregnancy, fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) is deployed to analyze fetal heart rate (FHR) of the fetus to indicate the growth and health of the fetus to determine any abnormalities and prevent diseases. The fetal electrocardiogram monitoring can be carried out either invasively by placing the electrodes on the scalp of the fetus, involving the skin penetration and the risk of infection, or non-invasively by recording the fetal heart rate signal from the mother’s abdomen through a placement of electrodes deploying portable, wearable devices. Non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram (NIFECG) is an evolving technology in fetal surveillance because of the comfort to the pregnant women and being achieved remotely, specifically in the unprecedented circumstances such as pandemic or COVID-19. Textiles have been at the heart of human technological progress for thousands of years, with textile developments closely tied to key inventions that have shaped societies. The relatively recent invention of smart textiles is set to push boundaries again and has already opened the potential for garments relevant to medicine, and health monitoring. This paper aims to discuss the different technologies and methods used in non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram (NIFECG) monitoring as well as the potential and future research directions of NIFECG in the smart textiles area.

scholarly journals A Pragmatic Controlled Trial of Forest Bathing Compared with Compassionate Mind Training in the UK: Impacts on Self-Reported Wellbeing and Heart Rate Variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1380
Author(s):  
Kirsten McEwan ◽  
David Giles ◽  
Fiona J. Clarke ◽  
Yasu Kotera ◽  
Gary Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Increase Heart Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Forest Bathing ◽  
Mind Training

Forest Bathing, where individuals use mindfulness to engage with nature, has been reported to increase heart rate variability and benefit wellbeing. To date, most Forest Bathing studies have been conducted in Asia. Accordingly, this paper reports the first pragmatic controlled trial of Forest Bathing in the United Kingdom, comparing Forest Bathing with a control comprising an established wellbeing intervention also known to increase heart rate variability called Compassionate Mind Training. Sixty-one university staff and students (50 females, 11 males) were allocated to (i) Forest Bathing, (ii) Compassionate Mind Training or (iii) Forest Bathing combined with Compassionate Mind Training. Wellbeing and heart rate variability were measured at baseline, post-intervention and three-months follow-up. There were improvements in positive emotions, mood disturbance, rumination, nature connection and compassion and 57% of participants showed an increase in heart rate variability. There were no significant differences between conditions, showing that Forest Bathing had equivalence with an established wellbeing intervention. The findings will help healthcare providers and policy makers to understand the effects of Forest Bathing and implement it as a feasible social prescription to improve wellbeing. Future research needs to involve clinical populations and to assess the effects of Forest Bathing in a fully powered randomised controlled trial.

scholarly journals Estimating Resting Core Temperature Using Heart Rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Looney ◽  
Mark J. Buller ◽  
Andrei V. Gribok ◽  
Jayme L. Leger ◽  
Adam W. Potter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Military Populations ◽  
Thermal Work ◽  
Ct Data

ECTemp™ is a heart rate (HR)-based core temperature (CT) estimation algorithm mainly used as a real-time thermal-work strain indicator in military populations. ECTemp™ may also be valuable for resting CT estimation, which is critical for circadian rhythm research. This investigation developed and incorporated a sigmoid equation into ECTemp™ to better estimate resting CT. HR and CT data were collected over two calorimeter test trials from 16 volunteers (age, 23 ± 3 yrs; height, 1.72 ± 0.07 m; body mass, 68.5 ± 8.1 kg) during periods of sleep and inactivity. Half of the test trials were combined with ECTemp™’s original development dataset to train the new sigmoid model while the other was used for model validation. Models were compared by their estimation accuracy and precision. While both models produced accurate CT estimates, the sigmoid model had a smaller bias (−0.04 ± 0.26°C vs. −0.19 ± 0.29°C) and root mean square error (RMSE; 0.26°C vs. 0.35°C). ECTemp™ is a validated HR-based resting CT estimation algorithm. The new sigmoid equation corrects lower CT estimates while producing nearly identical estimates to the original quadratic equation at higher CT. The demonstrated accuracy of ECTemp™ encourages future research to explore the algorithm’s potential as a non-invasive means of tracking CT circadian rhythms.

Respiratory and cardiovascular responses to static handgrip exercise in humans

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2789-2796 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Fontana ◽  
T. Pantaleo ◽  
F. Bongianni ◽  
F. Cresci ◽  
R. Manconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Inspiratory Flow ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Cardiovascular Variables

We studied the time course of respiratory and cardiovascular responses by evaluating changes in the breathing pattern, mean blood pressure (MBP), and heart rate elicited by 3 min of static handgrip at 15, 25, and 30% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in 15 healthy volunteers. Muscle tension and integrated electromyographic activity remained fairly constant during each trial. During 15% MVC bouts, initially only mean inspiratory flow increased; then, tidal volume and minute ventilation (VI) also rose progressively. No significant changes in MBP and heart rate were observed. During 25 and 30% MVC bouts, not only did mean inspiratory flow, VT, and VI increase but MBP and heart rate increased as well. A slight and delayed rise in respiratory rate was also observed. Unlike 15 and 25% MVC handgrip, 30% MVC handgrip caused a small decrease in end-tidal PCO2. Changes in the pattern of breathing occurred more promptly than those in cardiovascular variables in the majority of subjects. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between changes in VI and those in cardiovascular variables at the end of 25 and 30% MVC trials. This study indicates that respiratory and cardiovascular responses to static handgrip exercise are controlled independently.

Stimulus Processing during Apparent Unconsciousness in Anesthetized Volunteers

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benno Bonke ◽  
Jože Rupreht ◽  
John H. M. Van Eijndhoven
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Unconscious Perception ◽  
Stimulus Processing ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Minimal Effective Concentration ◽  
Period Return

Return of motor-responses upon request as an indicator of stimulus processing during apparent unconsciousness in general anesthesia was studied in 8 healthy, male volunteers during prolonged inhalation of nitrous oxide. First the minimal effective concentration of nitrous oxide was established for each volunteer, based upon continued absence of motor-responses to repeated verbal commands. One week later this concentration of nitrous oxide was administered for a 3-hr. period; return of motor-responses after at least 30 min. of absence was considered a sign of so-called unconscious perception. Four volunteers showed return of motor-response within the 3 hr. of exposure, but two of these had been rather restless throughout the session. Results indicate that unexpected processing of information by patients may occur during presumed unconsciousness after a prolonged inhalation of nitrous oxide in general anesthesia.

“The beat of my heart”: the relationship between resting heart rate and psychopathy in a prospective longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette Bergstrøm ◽  
David P. Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationships

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between resting heart rate (RHR) and psychopathy. The literature on heart rate vs criminality (including violence) is quite clear; low RHR is associated with engaging in violent and criminal behavior. However, results are not as consistent for psychopathy. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyzes heart rate measured at ages 18 and 48, and psychopathy at age 48, in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD). The CSDD is a prospective longitudinal study that has followed 411 boys from childhood to middle age, and measured social and biological factors of interest to the field of criminal psychology. Findings Interestingly, it was only heart rate at age 18 that was negatively and significantly related to psychopathy at age 48. No trends or relationships were found between heart rate at age 48 and psychopathy at age 48. The findings do, however, indicate that low heart rate at age 18 predicts psychopathy at age 48, and the strongest negative relationships are found between low heart rate (beats per minute) and impulsive and antisocial psychopathic symptoms. Originality/value This is the first ever longitudinal study showing that low RHR predicts later psychopathy. Suggestions for future research are outlined.

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