Canadian Union Density 1980 to 1998 and Prospects for the Future: An Empirical Investigation

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Union Density ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Financial technology and the future of banking

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Broby
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Shadow Banking ◽  
Customer Acquisition ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Financial Technology

AbstractThis paper presents an analytical framework that describes the business model of banks. It draws on the classical theory of banking and the literature on digital transformation. It provides an explanation for existing trends and, by extending the theory of the banking firm, it illustrates how financial intermediation will be impacted by innovative financial technology applications. It further reviews the options that established banks will have to consider in order to mitigate the threat to their profitability. Deposit taking and lending are considered in the context of the challenge made from shadow banking and the all-digital banks. The paper contributes to an understanding of the future of banking, providing a framework for scholarly empirical investigation. In the discussion, four possible strategies are proposed for market participants, (1) customer retention, (2) customer acquisition, (3) banking as a service and (4) social media payment platforms. It is concluded that, in an increasingly digital world, trust will remain at the core of banking. That said, liquidity transformation will still have an important role to play. The nature of banking and financial services, however, will change dramatically.

scholarly journals Protecting the Industrial Designs of Today and the Future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vladimir Samoylov
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Intellectual Property Protection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
Visual Expression ◽  
The Future

<p>This study examines and critiques New Zealand intellectual property protection for industrial designs, taking into account that many New Zealand industrial design owners outsource manufacture of their designs to China.   Industrial design, which refers to improving the aesthetics of products to increase their marketability, is evolving conceptually and practically. In New Zealand, copyright and registered design laws each protect, respectively, the visual expression and the “eye appeal” of an original design. As design practices evolve with advances in technology however, it is increasingly evident that industrial design is about more than just visual expression or “eye appeal”. Many designers are not focusing solely on product stylisation and decoration, but on the provision of a more holistic product experience for the consumer.  The development process of industrial designs from concept to marketable product is also changing, with many New Zealand industrial design owners employing increasingly efficient design development strategies. The fast-paced, cost-effective infrastructure of China is often utilised by New Zealand businesses for the manufacture of industrial designs.   This study therefore sought to determine how to appropriately protect New Zealand industrial designs, in light of: a. foreseeable advances in technology; and  b. the fact that many New Zealand industrial designs are manufactured in China.   To answer these questions, this study examined and analysed New Zealand’s copyright and registered design laws, taking into account not only existing protections, but also factors that are likely to be of significant relevance in the future, such as the impact on industrial design from developments in 3D printing and virtual reality.   The Chinese intellectual property regime for industrial designs was also examined because China is a major trading partner and often, as noted, the locus of manufacture.   The study included an empirical investigation, in the form of interviews with designers and design academics as well as legal practitioners specialising in intellectual property law. The input of the interviewees, together with the legal analysis, informed a series of suggestions and recommendations for New Zealand policy and its law-makers regarding how industrial design protection can be improved.  A key finding of this study was that existing legal protections do not appropriately protect increasingly holistic designs, as well as new types of designs emerging from developing fields such as virtual reality. In assessing the appropriateness of protection, the interests of industrial design owners were balanced against the public interest in protecting the public domain. It is suggested that to achieve equilibrium copyright law should be expanded to protect design expressions for all senses. Moreover, new categories of copyright protected works should be introduced to accommodate emerging design. The definition of design in registered design law should also be reconceptualised in order to acknowledge new types of designs and evolving design practices.  Industrial design owners who outsource manufacturing to China can protect their designs via copyright as well as design patent. However, enforcement of intellectual property protection is unsatisfactory in many areas of China. Therefore, New Zealand industrial design owners should also employ non-legal protection strategies. Interviews with successful businesses, in the course of the empirical investigation for this study, revealed that the leveraging of existing relationships of those with already established operations in China, and intentionally splitting an industrial design’s component parts for manufacture among several factories in different locations, are useful strategies to employ.</p>

Quality and Competition in Retail: An Empirical Investigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Duggal ◽  
Harsh V. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
The Future ◽  
Retail Services ◽  
Retail Formats

With the tremendous growth in the Indian retail sector, quality in retail has become one of the most pertinent issues. Keeping pace with the competitive environment and dynamic consumer lifestyle, the compatibility of retail services with consumer needs and demands becomes crucial. Relationships with customers need to be prioritised securing the future of retail in India. The retail experimentation with modern retail formats needs to be substantiated with accurate assessment and management of retail quality. The present study strives to assess retailers with the parameters of service quality and relationship quality so as to derive useful insights for bringing out retail efficiencies.

scholarly journals Protecting the Industrial Designs of Today and the Future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vladimir Samoylov
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Intellectual Property Protection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
Visual Expression ◽  
The Future

<p>This study examines and critiques New Zealand intellectual property protection for industrial designs, taking into account that many New Zealand industrial design owners outsource manufacture of their designs to China.   Industrial design, which refers to improving the aesthetics of products to increase their marketability, is evolving conceptually and practically. In New Zealand, copyright and registered design laws each protect, respectively, the visual expression and the “eye appeal” of an original design. As design practices evolve with advances in technology however, it is increasingly evident that industrial design is about more than just visual expression or “eye appeal”. Many designers are not focusing solely on product stylisation and decoration, but on the provision of a more holistic product experience for the consumer.  The development process of industrial designs from concept to marketable product is also changing, with many New Zealand industrial design owners employing increasingly efficient design development strategies. The fast-paced, cost-effective infrastructure of China is often utilised by New Zealand businesses for the manufacture of industrial designs.   This study therefore sought to determine how to appropriately protect New Zealand industrial designs, in light of: a. foreseeable advances in technology; and  b. the fact that many New Zealand industrial designs are manufactured in China.   To answer these questions, this study examined and analysed New Zealand’s copyright and registered design laws, taking into account not only existing protections, but also factors that are likely to be of significant relevance in the future, such as the impact on industrial design from developments in 3D printing and virtual reality.   The Chinese intellectual property regime for industrial designs was also examined because China is a major trading partner and often, as noted, the locus of manufacture.   The study included an empirical investigation, in the form of interviews with designers and design academics as well as legal practitioners specialising in intellectual property law. The input of the interviewees, together with the legal analysis, informed a series of suggestions and recommendations for New Zealand policy and its law-makers regarding how industrial design protection can be improved.  A key finding of this study was that existing legal protections do not appropriately protect increasingly holistic designs, as well as new types of designs emerging from developing fields such as virtual reality. In assessing the appropriateness of protection, the interests of industrial design owners were balanced against the public interest in protecting the public domain. It is suggested that to achieve equilibrium copyright law should be expanded to protect design expressions for all senses. Moreover, new categories of copyright protected works should be introduced to accommodate emerging design. The definition of design in registered design law should also be reconceptualised in order to acknowledge new types of designs and evolving design practices.  Industrial design owners who outsource manufacturing to China can protect their designs via copyright as well as design patent. However, enforcement of intellectual property protection is unsatisfactory in many areas of China. Therefore, New Zealand industrial design owners should also employ non-legal protection strategies. Interviews with successful businesses, in the course of the empirical investigation for this study, revealed that the leveraging of existing relationships of those with already established operations in China, and intentionally splitting an industrial design’s component parts for manufacture among several factories in different locations, are useful strategies to employ.</p>

scholarly journals ’n Homileties-empiriese ondersoek van prediking en gesindheidsverandering

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
F.P. Kruger ◽  
C.J.H. Venter
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Religious Attitudes ◽  
Personal Benefit ◽  
The Future ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
Hearts And Minds ◽  
Empirical Methodology

A homiletical-empirical investigation of preaching and attitude change The issues of preaching, and the change of attitude that preaching (should) bring about in the hearts and minds of hearers are dealt with in this article. In order to arrive at relevant and plausible conclusions, homiletical-empirical methodology was utilised. The aim of the article is to highlight the fact that both preachers and hearers have certain personal attitudes affecting the influence of preaching on their experience and realisation of faith. In this article a distinction is made between generic attitudes and attitudes towards specific issues. Generic attitudes consist of attitudes dependent on social circumstances and the influences of fellow-believers, attitudes with personal benefit as aim, and intrinsic-religious attitudes. Specific attitudes consist inter alia of the following aspects: the attitude of the hearers towards the Word, the congregation, worship, preaching as such, and expectations of the future. The article is concluded by selected perspectives for the praxis of preaching and attitude change.

Back to the future: an empirical investigation into the validity of stock index models over time

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Summers ◽  
Evan Griffiths ◽  
Robert Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
The Future ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Board of directors and corporate sustainability – outlining the effective profile of the board

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kostyuk ◽  
Helen Kostyuk ◽  
Anna Shcherbak
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
The Future ◽  
Leading Position

Sustainability is one of the most significant trends in financial markets for decades. Sustainability is where businesses should focus today in order to reach and maintain a leading position and have a long-term perspective. The paper investigated into the researchers view on the ways corporate sustainability should be embedment, specifically into the issues of interrelations of the company’s strategy and sustainability road, connection of corporate governance and corporate sustainability, into the roles of corporate governance agents in the sustainability integration. The paper highlighted the lack of specification of the roles for stakeholders involved, determined the importance of the future empirical investigation conduction and raised the important issues of the corporate sustainability and corporate governance correlation, which still have not been properly examined.

Towns in societies–medieval England

Urban History ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Exchange Economy ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Feudal Society ◽  
Civilizing Process ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
The Middle Ages

There is an old historical tradition which saw the towns in the middle ages as being an antagonistic element within the whole society which was seen—quite rightly of course—as being predominantly rural and agricultural. Put in more abstract terms the agrarian economy was seen as a natural economy and as such incompatible with the exchange economy of the towns. This simplistic vision could hardly stand the test of empirical investigation since clearly the urban and rural economies could not operate independently of each other. More sophisticated writers indeed saw the towns, not as an antagonistic element but as innovatory. The towns were literally responsible for a civilizing process. They sowed the seeds of the future in the not always receptive soil of feudal society.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document