Fooled by beautiful data: Visualization aesthetics bias trust in science, news, and social media

Scientists, policymakers, and the public increasingly rely on data visualizations – such as COVID tracking charts, weather forecast maps, and political polling graphs – to inform important decisions. The aesthetic decisions of graph-makers may produce graphs of varying visual appeal, independent of data quality. Here we tested whether the beauty of a graph influences how much people trust it. Across three studies, we sampled graphs from social media, news reports, and scientific publications, and consistently found that graph beauty predicted trust. In a fourth study, we manipulated both the graph beauty and misleadingness. We found that beauty, but not actual misleadingness, causally affected trust. These findings reveal a source of bias in the interpretation of quantitative data and indicate the importance of promoting data literacy in education.

Students’ multimodal knowledge sharing in school: Spatial repertoires and semiotic assemblages

In a world ‘flooded’ with data, students in school need adequate tools as Visual Analytics (VA), that easily process mass data, give support in drawing advanced conclusions and help to make informed predictions in relation to societal circumstances. Methods for how the students’ insights may be reformulated and presented in ‘appropriate’ modes are required as well. Therefore, the aim in this study is to analyse elementary school students’ practices of communicating visual discoveries, their insights, as the final stage in the knowledge-building process with an VA-application for interactive data visualization. A design-based intervention study is conducted in one social science classroom to explore modes for students presentation of insights, constructed from the interactive data visualizations. Video captures are used to document 30 students’ multifaceted presentations. The analyses are based on concepts from Pennycook (2018) and Deleuze and Guattari (1987). To account for how different modes interact, when students present their findings, one significant empirical sequence is described in detail. The emerging communicative dimensions (visual-, bodily- and verbal-) are embedded within broad spatial repertoires distributing flexible semiotic assemblages. These assemblages provide an incentive for the possibilities of teachers’ assessments of their students’ knowledge outcomes.

Preserving Innovation: Ensuring the Future of Today’s Scholarship

Scholars are experimenting with increasingly diverse digital technologies to express their research in new ways. Publishers, in turn, are working to support complex, dynamic, born-digital publications that can no longer be represented in print. New forms of scholarship contain enhancements such as embedded media and viewers, data visualizations, different approaches to version management, complex interdependent networks of supporting materials such as software and data, reader-contributed content (annotations, comments), interactive features, and nonlinear forms of navigation. These features can create challenges for the long-term sustainability of the publication – without planning for longevity the most innovative scholarship today may lose the characteristics that make them unique or become expensive to maintain. These challenges are magnified for preservation services that aim to ensure the publications will be available for future scholars. It is in this context that NYU Libraries initiated a project to bring together preservation services that focus on scholarly content with publishers concerned about the long-term survival of their most innovative publications. By analyzing examples of dynamic and enhanced open access monographs, the preservation services determined what could be preserved at scale using current tools. From this the team produced a set of guidelines that those involved in creating and publishing content could use to make these new forms of publications more preservable. The project was also an opportunity to start a conversation between preservation services and publishers about ways to collaborate around the shared goal of perpetuating access to unique and often costly publications.

IDbSV: An Open-Access Repository for Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Variations and Evolution

Ending COVID-19 pandemic requires a collaborative understanding of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 mechanisms. Yet, the evolving nature of coronaviruses results in a continuous emergence of new variants of the virus. Central to this is the need for a continuous monitoring system able to detect potentially harmful variants of the virus in real-time. In this manuscript, we present the International Database of SARS-CoV-2 Variations (IDbSV), the result of ongoing efforts in curating, analyzing, and sharing comprehensive interpretation of SARS-CoV-2's genetic variations and variants. Through user-friendly interactive data visualizations, we aim to provide a novel surveillance tool to the scientific and public health communities. The database is regularly updated with new records through a 4-step workflow (1—Quality control of curated sequences, 2—Call of variations, 3—Functional annotation, and 4—Metadata association). To the best of our knowledge, IDbSV provides access to the largest repository of SARS-CoV-2 variations and the largest analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes with over 60 thousand annotated variations curated from the 1,808,613 genomes alongside their functional annotations, first known appearance, and associated genetic lineages, enabling a robust interpretation tool for SARS-CoV-2 variations to help understanding SARS-CoV-2 dynamics across the world.

The Science of Visual Data Communication: What Works

Effectively designed data visualizations allow viewers to use their powerful visual systems to understand patterns in data across science, education, health, and public policy. But ineffectively designed visualizations can cause confusion, misunderstanding, or even distrust—especially among viewers with low graphical literacy. We review research-backed guidelines for creating effective and intuitive visualizations oriented toward communicating data to students, coworkers, and the general public. We describe how the visual system can quickly extract broad statistics from a display, whereas poorly designed displays can lead to misperceptions and illusions. Extracting global statistics is fast, but comparing between subsets of values is slow. Effective graphics avoid taxing working memory, guide attention, and respect familiar conventions. Data visualizations can play a critical role in teaching and communication, provided that designers tailor those visualizations to their audience.

Natural Language Querying and Visualization System

Data is the new gold; everything is data driven. But it is impossible for everyone to possess technical skills to be able to write queries and know different python tools used for data visualizations. The process of extracting information from a database is a mammoth task for non-technical users as it requires one to have extensive knowledge of DBMS language. But these data and visualizations are required for various everyday presentations and interactions in the professional world. This application would enable the users to overcome these obstacles. Our project aims at integrating two systems, an NLP interface to fetch data from simple English queries, and a second system where the fetched data with the help of natural language processing is used to form visualizations as demanded by the users will be created. This system would essentially help the people who are not techno-savvy or are not in the field of tech to interact with data using simple English.

Parametrics and the masculine: Exploring contemporary masculine qualities through a parametric design approach

<p>This research examines the potential of parametric design and contemporary design practice according to the following question: “How might parametric design be utilised to express qualities of contemporary masculinity in men’s products?” The goal of the research is to suggest a strategy that may be applied to contemporary design practise in order to more effectively support male consumer’s identities, needs, and desires. This is addressed through a case study that prioritises the expression of contemporary masculinity and related qualities in the consideration of the employed materials, form and design details. In developing this research, participant interviews, and a series of questionnaires were utilised to gather responses leading to the construction of material photo studies and data visualizations. Based on the data collected, a parametric definition was developed that supports the customisation of product containers in addressing the expression of contemporary masculine qualities. The parametric definition was applied in the design of a series of initial product prototypes that expressed the contemporary masculine qualities as identified by participants. The prototypes were subsequently assessed through participant interviews alongside a series of material swatches of varying surface qualities. Feedback from the interviews led to refinements in the product container designs within the parametric interface and the generation of a series of higher fidelity digital prototypes. These prototypes sought to effectively reflect the participant’s interpretations regarding the expression of contemporary masculinity.</p>

Parametrics and the masculine: Exploring contemporary masculine qualities through a parametric design approach

<p>This research examines the potential of parametric design and contemporary design practice according to the following question: “How might parametric design be utilised to express qualities of contemporary masculinity in men’s products?” The goal of the research is to suggest a strategy that may be applied to contemporary design practise in order to more effectively support male consumer’s identities, needs, and desires. This is addressed through a case study that prioritises the expression of contemporary masculinity and related qualities in the consideration of the employed materials, form and design details. In developing this research, participant interviews, and a series of questionnaires were utilised to gather responses leading to the construction of material photo studies and data visualizations. Based on the data collected, a parametric definition was developed that supports the customisation of product containers in addressing the expression of contemporary masculine qualities. The parametric definition was applied in the design of a series of initial product prototypes that expressed the contemporary masculine qualities as identified by participants. The prototypes were subsequently assessed through participant interviews alongside a series of material swatches of varying surface qualities. Feedback from the interviews led to refinements in the product container designs within the parametric interface and the generation of a series of higher fidelity digital prototypes. These prototypes sought to effectively reflect the participant’s interpretations regarding the expression of contemporary masculinity.</p>