scholarly journals Recent Biological Survey Publications Report of Chief of Bureau of Biological Survey H. W. Henshaw How to Attract Birds in Northeastern United States W. L. McAtee Food of the Robins and Bluebirds of the United States F. E. L. Beal Preliminary Census of Birds of the United States Wells W. Cooke

The Auk ◽  
1915 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-253
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Biological Survey ◽  
Bureau Of Biological Survey

Coleopteran Pests: Family Scarabaeidae

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Vittum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Large Complex ◽  
The Family ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
General Appearance

This chapter studies Coleopteran pests. The larvae of turfgrass-infesting species of the family Scarabaeidae constitute a large complex whose members (white grubs) are similar in general appearance, in habits, and in the turfgrass damage they cause. At least 10 species of scarabs, belonging to five subfamilies, are pests of turfgrass in the United States. The larvae of this family are known also as grubs, a term applied to the larvae of several Coleoptera (beetles) and Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps) in general. Grubs of the Scarabaeidae are the most serious turfgrass pests in the northeastern United States, and are considered a major pest in the Midwest, Southeast, and parts of the southwestern United States. Their subterranean habits make them among the most difficult of turfgrass insects to manage.

Viability of Puccinia horiana Teliospores Under Various Environmental Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris R. Bonde ◽  
Cristi L. Palmer ◽  
Douglas G. Luster ◽  
Susan E. Nester ◽  
Jason M. Revell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
White Rust ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Puccinia Horiana ◽  
Sensitive Method

Puccinia horiana Henn. is a quarantine-significant fungal pathogen and causal agent of chrysanthemum white rust (CWR). The pathogen and disease were first discovered in the United States in 1977 and quickly eradicated. During the early 1990s, CWR reemerged in several instances, but in each instance was declared eradicated. However, since approximately 2004 CWR has reappeared at an accelerated frequency. This has suggested that either P. horiana is entering the country more frequently from foreign locations or that P. horiana is now established in the field, implying that spores are capable of surviving winter conditions in plant debris or soil. As a result of the possibility that the pathogen has become established in the United States, we initiated several lines of research. The objectives of the study reported here were: (i) develop a better and more sensitive method to measure teliospore longevity; and (ii) determine if the pathogen is able to survive northeastern winters as viable teliospores. Results from the study showed that teliospores survived in the greenhouse a maximum of 28 days in dry soil and 7 days in moist soil. In a growth chamber simulating winter temperature conditions in the northeastern United States, teliospores survived a maximum of 35 days. It was concluded that P. horiana teliospores are not able to survive through typical northeastern U.S. winters. Accepted for publication 9 January 2014. Published 18 March 2014.

Exotic Asian pheretimoid earthworms (Amynthas spp., Metaphire spp.): Potential for colonisation of south-eastern Canada and effects on forest ecosystems

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-David Moore ◽  
Josef H. Görres ◽  
John W. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Species Invasions

Exotic species invasions are among the most significant global-scale problems caused by human activities. They can seriously threaten the conservation of biological diversity and of natural resources. Exotic European earthworms have been colonizing forest ecosystems in northeastern United States and southern Canada since the European settlement. By comparison, Asian earthworms began colonizing forests in the northeastern United States more recently. Since Asian species have biological traits compatible with a greater potential for colonization and disturbance than some European species, apprehension is growing about their dispersal into new territories. Here we review the extent of the current northern range of Asian earthworms in northeastern North America, the factors facilitating or limiting their propagation and colonization, and the potential effects of their invasion on forest ecosystems. Data compilation shows that Asian earthworms are present in all northeastern American states. So far, only one mention has been reported in Canada. Data confirm that their distribution has now reached the Canadian border, particularly along the Michigan–Ontario, New York–Ontario, Maine–New Brunswick, and Vermont–Québec frontiers. Studies report that the presence of Asian earthworms is strongly associated with human activities such as horticulture, vermicomposting, and the use of worms as fish bait. Some climatic (temperature, soil moisture) and edaphic (soil pH) factors may also influence their distribution. Controlling their dispersal at the source is essential to limiting their spread, as there is currently no effective way to eradicate established earthworm populations without unacceptable nontarget effects. Proposed management options in the United States include the prohibition of fish bait disposal and better management of the international trade of horticultural goods, commercial nurseries, and vermicomposting industries. We conclude that although regulations and awareness may delay their expansion, Asian earthworms are likely to spread further north into Canada. They are expected to cause important changes to biodiversity and dynamics of the newly invaded forest ecosystems.

scholarly journals The Association of the Elevated Mixed Layer with Significant Severe Weather Events in the Northeastern United States*

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1082-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Banacos ◽  
Michael L. Ekster
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Weather Events

Abstract The occurrence of rare but significant severe weather events associated with elevated mixed-layer (EML) air in the northeastern United States is investigated herein. A total of 447 convective event days with one or more significant severe weather report [where significant is defined as hail 2 in. (5.1 cm) in diameter or greater, a convective gust of 65 kt (33 m s−1) or greater, and/or a tornado of F2 or greater intensity] were identified from 1970 through 2006 during the warm season (1 May–30 September). Of these, 34 event days (7.6%) were associated with identifiable EML air in regional rawinsondes preceding the event. Taken with two other noteworthy events in 1953 and 1969, a total of 36 significant severe weather events associated with EML air were studied via composite and trajectory analysis. Though a small percentage of the total, these 36 events compose a noteworthy list of historically significant derechos and tornadic events to affect the northeastern United States. It is demonstrated that plumes of EML air emanating from the Intermountain West in subsiding, anticyclonically curved flows can reinforce the capping inversion and maintain the integrity of the EML across the central United States over a few days. The EML plume can ultimately become entrained into a moderately fast westerly to northwesterly midtropospheric flow allowing for the plume’s advection into the northeastern United States. Resultant thermodynamic conditions in the convective storm environment are similar to those more typically observed closer to the EML source region in the Great Plains of the United States. In addition to composite and trajectory analysis, two case studies are employed to demonstrate salient and evolutionary aspects of the EML in such events. A lapse rate tendency equation is explored to put EML advection in context with other processes affecting lapse rate.

Genotyping Dickeya dianthicola causing potato blackleg and soft rot outbreak associated with inoculum geography in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongling Ge ◽  
He Jiang ◽  
Steven B Johnson ◽  
Robert Larkin ◽  
Amy O Charkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Type Iii

An outbreak of blackleg and soft rot of potato, caused primarily by the bacterial pathogen Dickeya dianthicola, has resulted in significant economic losses in the Northeastern United States since 2015. The spread of this seedborne disease is highly associated with seed distribution, therefore the pathogen likely spread with seed tubers. To describe the blackleg epidemic and track inoculum origins, a total of 1183 potato samples were collected from 11 states associated with blackleg outbreak from 2015 to 2019. Of these samples, 39.8% tested positive for D. dianthicola. Seventeen isolates of Dickeya dianthicola were recovered from these samples and the genetic diversity of these isolates was examined. Fingerprinting with BOX-PCR and phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the 16S rRNA and gapA genes indicated that D. dianthicola isolates were divided into three genotypes, denoted Type I, II, and III. Ninety five percent of samples from Maine were Type I. Type II was found in Maine only in 2015 and 2018. Type II was present throughout the five years in some states at a lower percentage than Type I. Type III was found in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Massachusetts, but not in Maine. Therefore, Type I appears to be associated with Maine, but Type II appeared to be endemic to the Northeastern United States. The Type II and rarer Type III strain were closer to the D. dianthicola type strain isolated from the United Kingdom. This work provides evidence that the outbreak of blackleg of potato in the Northeastern United States was caused by multiple strains of D. dianthicola. The geographic origins of these strains remain unknown.

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