This chapter traces the Anglotopian visions of universal peace in the context of fin-de-siècle debates about democracy, empire, race, and war. It contends that the most ambitious projects for Anglo-American synthesis promoted the idea of global racial peace — the abolition of war through the unification of Britain and the United States. Recognizing the character and significance of such arguments requires a reappraisal of the genealogy of modern peace discourse. After delineating several popular visions of peace that circulated during the nineteenth century, the chapter introduces the “democratic war thesis” and the “democratic empire thesis.” The former posited that democratic political structures caused or exacerbated inter-state conflict, while the latter suggested that vast empires could cooperatively govern the world and eradicate war. The chapter examines the racial peace thesis, which was propounded, albeit in different forms, by Andrew Carnegie, Cecil J. Rhodes, W. T. Stead, and H. G. Wells, many of the science fiction writers discussed in Chapter 5, and an array of other unionist political thinkers. This was the utopian core of the Anglo-racial dreamworld.
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