Demonstration and Optimization of Floor Height of 220kV GIS Room in the Indoor Substation

With the development of cities, the construction of indoor substations and the use of gas insulated switchgear (GIS equipment) are becoming more and more widespread. In this paper, the height of 220kVGIS room in the indoor substation is demonstrated and optimized. On the basis of the collection and analysis of the basic data of each major equipment manufacturer, the height of GIS room is analysed from the expansion, maintenance needs and pressure test, which are two limiting factors. Finally, the optimal height of 220kVGIS room is determined.

Research on Services Decision-Making in Closed-Loop Supply Chain Dominated by a Logistics Provider

In this paper, we assume that a closed-loop supply chain consists of an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) producing new products from raw materials, a remanufacturer producing re-manufactured products from used items directly collected from customers and a logistics provider which sells and distributes two products as a monopolist in the given market. By constructing game model in which logistics provider is a leader, OEM and remanufacturer are the equal status followers, we solve chain members’ optimal services decision-making. Finally, we analyze influence of service elasticities and intensities of service competition of two manufacturers on members’ equilibrium decision-making.

Fuel-Operated Auxiliary Heaters Are a Major Additional Source of Vehicular Particulate Emissions in Cold Regions

Fuel-operated auxiliary heaters (AHs) can be notable sources of particle emissions from vehicles. The emissions of AHs are unregulated, and the number of devices is high; therefore, they make considerable contributions to local air quality, and even the global emissions budget. Experiments for studying the emissions were performed in Finland for a total of eight selected vehicles with Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) AHs installed, including both diesel- and gasoline-operated heaters. We present the numerical results of particle emissions and compare the particle concentrations in the AH exhaust to values found in the tailpipe exhaust of the same vehicle. Our results show that the emissions from auxiliary heaters are typically several orders of magnitude higher than of a car exhaust when idling. This raises the question of whether the use of heaters is justified based on the goal to reduce total emissions from vehicle use; furthermore, whether fuel-operated heaters should also be applied in electric vehicles for cabin heating. More research will be needed to characterize the emissions more thoroughly to understand the air quality and climate effects from AHs, and to provide further recommendations on the use of these heaters.

Validation of Wireless Battery Management System (wBMS) – Gen2

Wireless Battery Management System (wBMS) is a primary enabler for the widespread adoption of electric cars, allowing auto Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEMs) to avoid having to rework complicated wiring diagrams for each new car and ensuring battery scalability. This article mainly focuses on the validation of an end-to-end wBMS system by performing several tests like Packet Transfer Ratio (PTR) for different configuration files, developing and implementing a health report application that generates health report in real-time, automating the process of OTA (Over the Air) upgrade which also includes automation of configuring the front-end application using a python programming language. The main intention behind developing the script to automate the OTA upgrade and health report application is to reduce the time consumed to test the system, reduce human errors, and perform the tests for any number of iterations.

The nature of the industrial enterprise

This chapter presents basic information about the nature and essence of the enterprise. The first subchapter shows both the well-known and less popular definitions of an enterprise and an industrial enterprise. They have been shown through the prism of various approaches, including definitions from various countries. The second part discusses the features of an industrial enterprise, with particular emphasis on: organizational separateness, economic separateness, legal separateness (legal personality), territorial separateness and technical and production separateness. The next part focuses on the goals and tasks of an industrial enterprise, with particular emphasis on the way they are formulated. Both strategic, tactical and operational goals were discussed. The subject of the considerations in the fourth part were the functions of an industrial enterprise, including a detailed description of the production, technical, organizational and personnel functions. The division of enterprises according to various criteria is presented in the next section. It focuses on such criteria as business profile, the size of the enterprise, form of ownership, production type, type of production process and market legal form. The last part discusses the market on which an industrial enterprise operates. Its features were presented, as well as the type of industrial products, types of customers and differences between industrial and consumer marketing. Particular attention was also paid to OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) and MRO (Maintenance Repair and Overhaul).

The Effect of Work Environment, OHS, and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance

Intense competition in Indonesia forces private companies in the defense industry to be more competitive. PT. Z is one of the largest private defense products and equipment manufacturer in Indonesia. To retain competitiveness, PT. Z must provide defense products and equipment with the best quality and deliver it on-time. The quality and on-time delivery of products and equipment fulfillment rely on the performance of employee at PT. Z. Over the last few years, employee performance at PT. Z constantly decreased. The decrease of employee performance can be caused by several factors including work environment, occupational health and safety, and job satisfaction. This research will examine the effect of work environment (WE), occupational health and safety (OHS) and job satisfaction (JS) on employee performance (EP). The analysis was carried out using the PLS-SEM with 120 samples taken from production and engineering division at PT. Z. The result shows that there are positive and significant effect of WE on EP, WE on JS, OHS on JS, and JS on EP. JS also mediates the effect of OHS on EP. On the other hand, OHS does not have a direct effect on EP and JS cannot mediate the effect of WE on EP.