The demography of grandparenthood in 16 European countries and two North American countries

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Rachel Margolis ◽  
Bruno Arpino
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
European Countries

Coccomyces papillatus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
North American ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Native North American ◽  
Pinus Wallichiana

Abstract A description is provided for Coccomyces papillatus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: The ecology of this fungus is completely unknown. SHERWOOD (1980) noted strong similarities with Coccomyces strobi (IMI Descriptions No. 1292), which is known to occur on brittle dead attached twigs of native North American five-needled pines in North America and some European countries to which they have been introduced. This habitat is often associated with endobionts involved in self-pruning ecosystems which later fruit on dead twigs, best exemplified by Colpoma quercinum on Quercus and C. crispum on Picea (IMI Descriptions Nos 942. 1333), and Therrya fuckelii and T. pini on Pinus (IMI Descriptions Nos 1297, 1298) and it is tempting to speculate that C. papillatus too will prove to occupy this sort of niche. HOSTS: Pinus wallichiana (twig). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: ASIA: Pakistan. TRANSMISSION: Not known. Presumably by air-borne ascospores released in humid conditions.

The demography of grandparenthood in 16 European countries and two North American countries

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Rachel Margolis ◽  
Bruno Arpino
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Young Children ◽  
North American ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Future

Intergenerational relationships between grandparents and grandchildren can offer tremendous benefits to family members of each generation. The demography of grandparenthood – the timing, length and population characteristics – shape the extent to which young children have grandparents available, how many grandparents are alive, and the duration of overlap with grandparents. In this chapter, we examine how the demography of grandparenthood varies across 16 countries in Europe and two countries in North America, and why it is changing. Next, we examine variation in two key determinants of intergenerational relationships – the labour force participation and health of grandparents. Last, we comment on some important changes in the demography of grandparenthood that may come in the future.

scholarly journals Muhlenbergia Schreberi J. F. Gmel (Poaceae), a New Naturalized Species in Croatia

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-470
Author(s):  
Nejc Jogan
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
American States ◽  
European Distribution

AbstractMuhlenbergia schreberi,nimblewill, is a widespread North American perennial grass species, slowly spreading in European countries, where it has been recorded in Spain, Switzerland, Italy, and Slovenia. In addition, a well naturalized population was discovered in Opatija (Northwestern Croatia, Croatian Littoral) in 2011 as described herein. It has been recognized as a persistent weed in some North American states, and in the last few decades its secondary European distribution range has been slowly increasing. Thus most probably it will also spread in Croatia and become classified as invasive.

scholarly journals Strong Genetic Differentiation Between North American and European Populations of Phytophthora alni subsp. uniformis

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Aguayo ◽  
Gerard C. Adams ◽  
Fabien Halkett ◽  
Mursel Catal ◽  
Claude Husson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North America ◽  
Mating System ◽  
North American ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
European Countries ◽  
North American Population ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Reproduction Mode ◽  
The North

Alder decline caused by Phytophthora alni has been one of the most important diseases of natural ecosystems in Europe during the last 20 years. The emergence of P. alni subsp. alni —the pathogen responsible for the epidemic—is linked to an interspecific hybridization event between two parental species: P. alni subsp. multiformis and P. alni subsp. uniformis. One of the parental species, P. alni subsp. uniformis, has been isolated in several European countries and, recently, in North America. The objective of this work was to assess the level of genetic diversity, the population genetic structure, and the putative reproduction mode and mating system of P. alni subsp. uniformis. Five new polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to contrast both geographical populations. The study comprised 71 isolates of P. alni subsp. uniformis collected from eight European countries and 10 locations in North America. Our results revealed strong differences between continental populations (Fst = 0.88; Rst = 0.74), with no evidence for gene flow. European isolates showed extremely low genetic diversity compared with the North American collection. Selfing appears to be the predominant mating system in both continental collections. The results suggest that the European P. alni subsp. uniformis population is most likely alien and derives from the introduction of a few individuals, whereas the North American population probably is an indigenous population.

First North American Record of Bufolucilia silvarum (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Parasitizing Bufo terrestris americanus Holbrook

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sherman Bleakney
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Common Species ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Bufo Terrestris

In European countries parasitism of toads by flies of the genus Bufolucilia is of rather common occurence. Although the species silvarum is holarctic in distribution, Hall (1947) considers it “not a common species” in North America. At the time of his publication it had been reported from only one species of North American anuran, the Bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, when forty-eight parasitized frogs of this species were discovered near Franklin, California. Since then, reference to the species in the literature seems to be limited to reports of the adult flies (James, 1953; Schoof, et al., 1956; and Judd, 1956).

scholarly journals Women’s Movement For Peace: Global Overview

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
Nafisa Bano
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
Broad Base ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Global Peace ◽  
The Universe

Over the years, a realization has slowly but surely grown that war is, after all, not a good thing to happen and it is deadly and devastating for the universe. Especially, the realization about the sufferings of women and children caught in wars, armed conflicts and violence has increased. The women doubtless suffer most because of their vulnerable position. A series of women movements and organizations focusing on women issues are actively campaigning for peace for women today. Women, mostly belonging to North American and European countries, are active in the process of developing peace through writings, lectures, conferences, seminars, workshops and networking in different countries and establishing and empowering organizations to form a broad base for further action. In this context, several women constituencies are playing a very important role in the movement against nuclear weapons. Likewise, the women Nobel Peace Laureates’ role for global peace is very inspiring. 

scholarly journals Discrepancies between current and ideal endovascular stroke treatment practice in Europe and North America: Results from UNMASK EVT, a multidisciplinary survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna M Ospel ◽  
Nima Kashani ◽  
Francis Turjman ◽  
Urs Fischer ◽  
Blaise Baxter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Endovascular Therapy ◽  
North American ◽  
Systems Of Care ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Acute Stroke Care ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
American States

Background Since 2015, endovascular therapy has been established as a standard of care for acute stroke. This has caused major challenges regarding the organization of systems of care, which have to meet the increasing demand for thrombectomies. This study aims to evaluate how endovascular therapy decisions made by European and North American physicians under their current local resources differ from those made under assumed ideal conditions. Methods In an international, multidisciplinary survey, physicians involved in acute stroke care were asked to give their treatment decisions to 10 out of 22 randomly assigned stroke case-scenarios. Participants stated (a) their treatment approach under assumed ideal conditions (without any external limitations) and (b) the treatment they would pursue under their current local resources. Resources gaps (ideal minus current endovascular therapy rates) were calculated for different countries/states/provinces and correlated to economic and healthcare key metrics (gross domestic product-per-capita, public or private health insurance coverage, etc.). Results A total of 607 physicians, among them 218 from North America and 136 from 25 European countries, responded to the survey. Resources gaps in the majority of North American states/provinces and European countries were small (<5%). The highest gaps were observed among few European countries, namely Poland (30%) and the United Kingdom (33%). The magnitude of the resources gap did not correlate to national economic or healthcare metrics. Discussion and conclusion In the majority of North American states/provinces and European countries covered in this study, the discrepancy between endovascular therapy decisions under current local resources and assumed ideal conditions seems to be small, even in countries with a limited economic status and healthcare infrastructure.

scholarly journals First record of North American ambrosia beetle Gnathotrichus materiarius (Fitch) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) in Finland - a new potential forest pest?

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Valkama ◽  
Petri Martikainen ◽  
Mika Räty
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
First Record ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Forest Pest ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time

The North American ambrosia beetle Gnathotrichus materiarius is reported for the first time in Finland. One specimen was caught by a Ips typographus pheromone trap in Vantaa in 1996. The species was introduced to Europe from North Americain 1933, and since then it has spread to many Middle European countries. It is possible that this species has already become established in Fennoscandia, because of repeated introductions.

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