The Pronominal System of Odual

2016 ◽  
pp. 821-838
Author(s):  
Ethelbert E. Kari
Keyword(s):  
Pronominal System

scholarly journals Breton a-marking of (internal) verbal arguments: A result of language contact?

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-766
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Stark ◽  
Paul Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Object Position ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
Celtic Languages ◽  
Potential Case ◽  
Existential Constructions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal Change ◽  
Pronominal System ◽  
Verbal Arguments

AbstractWe discuss a potential case of borrowing in this paper: Breton a- ‘of’, ‘from’ marking of (internal) verbal arguments, unique in Insular Celtic languages, and reminiscent of Gallo-Romance de/du- (and en-) arguments. Looking at potential Gallo-Romance parallels of three Middle Breton constructions analyzed in some detail (a with indefinite mass nominals in direct object position, a-marking of internal arguments under the scope of negation, a [allomorphs an(ez)-/ahan-] with personal pronouns for internal arguments, subjects (mainly of predicative constructions) and as expletive subjects of existential constructions), we demonstrate that even if there are some semantic parallels and one strong structural overlap (a and de under the scope of negation), the amount of divergences in morphology, syntax and semantics and the only partially fitting relative chronology of the different constructions do not allow to conclude with certainty that language-contact is an explanation of the Breton facts, which might have come into being also because of internal change (bound to restructuring of the pronominal system in Breton). More research is necessary to complete our knowledge of a-marking in Middle Breton and Modern Breton varieties and on the precise history of French en, in order to decide for one or the other explanation.

On the (African) origins of Palenquero subject pronouns

Diachronica ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Schwegler
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
European Descent ◽  
Subject Pronouns ◽  
Pronominal System

Summary A principal aim of this paper is to show that (1) the Palenquero (Colombia) pronominal system in toto needs to be revised in the direction of greater Africanicity, and (2) speakers of Kikongo must have played a dominant role in the formation of Palenquero. This study offers evidence for the multiple (European, African, and Euro-African) origins of the Palenquero person/number markers. I argue that the traditional etymological analyses of these markers are fundamentally flawed in two respects: First, i- (1sg.), o- (2sg.), and e- (3sg.) — allegedly Spanish-derived pronouns — are actually of African rather than European descent; and second, the genesis of y- ‘I’ involved convergence instead of direct linear descent from a single language (i.e., Spanish yo). This investigation revindicates earlier studies that have sought to emphasize the importance of the African substrate to the evolution of Atlantic contact vernaculars in general. Résumé Le but principal de cet article est de montrer (1) que le système pronominal du palenquero (Colombie) est globalement plus africain qu’on ne l’admet généralement, et (2) que le kikongo a dû jouer un rôle important dans la formation de cette langue. Cette étude offre des arguments en faveur d’origines multiples (européennes, africaines et euro-africaines) pour le système pronominal palenquero, et montre que les analyses étymologiques traditionnelles des pronoms palenqueros souffrent de plusieurs défauts (par exemple, je montre que i- (1sg.), o- (2sg.) et e- (3sg.) ne sont pas d’origine européenne, mais africaine). Cet article tend donc à confirmer les études antérieures qui ont cherché a souligner l’importance du substrat africain dans l’évolution des langues de contact atlantiques en général. Zusammenfassung Ein Hauptziel dieser Studie ist zu zeigen, dass (1) das Pronominalsystem im Palenquero (Kolumbien) in toto stärker von afrikanischen Sprachen als bisher angenommen beinflusst wurde, und (2) Kikongo eine wichtige Rolle in der Genese des Palenquero gespielt hat. Dieser Beitrag liefert Beweise für den unterschiedlichen (afrikanischen, europäischen, und euroafrikanischen) Ursprung verschiedener Palenquero-Pronomen. Die Studie zeigt auch, dass die traditionellen etymologischen Analysen dieser Pronomen revidiert werden müssen (die Pronominalformen i- (1sg.), o- (2sg.), und e- (3sg.) zum Beispiel haben keinen europäischen sondern einen afrikanischen Ursprung). Meine Schlussfolgerungen unterstützen diejenigen Studien, die versucht haben, die Wichtigkeit des afrikanischen Substrats in der Genese der atlantischen Kontaktsprachen ganz allgemein hervorzuheben.

L'homme et la factrice: sur la logique du genre en français

Dialogue ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-516
Author(s):  
Adèle Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Solution ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Feminist Criticism ◽  
Contingent A Priori ◽  
Job Titles ◽  
Pronominal System

ABSTRACTI present several arguments which provide what I consider to be a definitive argument against certain forms of masculine language in their so-called sexually neutral usage. In the first part, I concentrate on the use of the word “homme,” and I defend the idea that it embodies a perverse contingent a priori. In the second part, I examine how this pernicious a priori—this masculine language virus—infects the pronominal system of French. I conclude with an undoubtedly surprising linguistic and feminist criticism of a recent decision by the Office de la langue française du Québec to feminize job titles, arguing instead that the problem lies elsewhere and hence so does an efficient solution.

scholarly journals Retentions of Indo-Aryan grammatical elements in Norwegian Para-Romani

1970 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Guro Fløgstad
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Pronominal System

The present article sets out to describe the system of personal pronouns in Norwegian Para-Romani.* As we shall see, thepronominal system constitutes one of the few remnants of original Indic elements in the grammatical lexicon of Norwegian Para-Romani. In Norwegian Para-Romani, the original Inda-Aryan grammar, morphology and syntax have, with few exceptions, beenreplaced with Norwegian ones. However, the personal pronouns originate in possessive pronouns in original Romani. This article has three parts. First, I give a brief introduction to the notion of Para-Romani itself and specifically to the Norwegian variety. Secondly, I give a description of the pronominal system. Thirdly, I place the data in a semantic-diachronic frame.

scholarly journals Cortesía, poder y solidaridad: percepción de docentes universitarios sobre el uso del sistema pronominal en el salón de clase

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Yliana Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Context ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Pronominal System ◽  
The University ◽  
Depth Interviews

This paper studies the perception of the use of the pronominal system in classroom context of some professors from the Faculty of Humanities and Education Sciences, of the University of the Republic (Uruguay). The sample consists of 12 informants, all of them professors of the aforementioned institution. In-depth interviews were carried out in order to analyze their perceptions of the phenomenon in question. The first stage of this research seeks to study how professors address their students and vice versa, always from the professors’ perspective. The results show solidarity of the pronominal system, revealing greater preference for pronominal formulas of proximity or in their absence a combination with those of distance. The second stage of this research will look into the students’ perceptions of the same phenomenon.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Sam Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Medieval Romance ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
The Status ◽  
Null Argument ◽  
Pronominal System ◽  
Diachronic Development ◽  
Theoretical Developments

This chapter briefly outlines the main evidence that has been put forward in favour of the V2 hypothesis for Medieval Romance. It then gives a survey of the main developments in the study of Germanic V2, starting with seminal work in the 1970s and 1980s and outlining major empirical and theoretical developments which have taken place since. The chapter concludes by setting out the ‘Medieval Romance problem’ in need of resolution, namely the nature of microvariation or continuity between varieties, the status of V2 correlates in the null argument and clitic pronominal system and the diachronic development of V2.

Language Death and Subject Expression: First-person-singular subjects in a declining dialect of Louisiana French

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-91
Author(s):  
KATIE CARMICHAEL ◽  
AARNES GUDMESTAD
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
First Person ◽  
Language Death ◽  
Louisiana French ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Pronominal System ◽  
Fluent Speakers

ABSTRACTLouisiana French is undergoing gradual language death. In such situations, it is common to find increased variability and rapid change, as speakers use the language less often and in fewer domains (Wolfram 2004; Palosaari and Campbell 2011). These processes have been observed in the pronominal system of Louisiana French (Rottet 1996; Girard 2013), with both phonological and morphological sources of variation leading to an exceptionally large inventory of first-person-singular forms in the French of the Pointe-Au-Chien Indians of Pointe-Aux-Chênes, Louisiana. Using data from a translation task, we examine the range of forms used by French speakers from this community varying in age and fluency. We note a sharp distinction in forms used by fluent versus non-fluent speakers, with the latter making use of the non-clitic formmon. To answer the question of whymonis so common amongst non-fluent speakers in this task, we apply insights from the field of second language acquisition, considering the systems of these non-fluent speakers as autonomous and systematic. We ultimately propose a potential interaction between the previously documented phonological and morphological patterns observed in this community, influencing in the forms observed.

The Proto-Tibeto-Burman verbal agreement system

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
George van Driem
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Comparison ◽  
Verbal Agreement ◽  
Pronominal System

Since the appearance of Stuart N. Wolfenden's monumentalOutlines of Tibeto-Burman linguistic morphologyin 1929, attention has increasingly focused not only on derivational processes in Tibeto-Burman, but also on the flexional morphology of conjugations and declensions. The first systematic comparison of Tibeto-Burman conjugational and pronominal morphology was James John Bauman's elaboratePronouns and pronominal morphology in Tibeto-Burmanin 1975. Bauman put to rest any lingering doubts that the conjugations of Tibeto-Burman languages could be attributed to an Austro- Asiatic substrate, and he adduced a vast body of data demonstrating the nativeness and antiquity of conjugational morphology in Tibeto-Burman. Verbal agreement in Tibeto-Burman has traditionally been known by Hodgson's term ‘pronominalization’, based on the assumption that conjugational affixes ultimately derive from ancient independent pronouns. Bauman demonstrated that the conjugational systems of Tibeto-Burman languages, and therefore any ancient pronominal system they may reflect, are more conservative than the independent pronominal systems attested in individual languages. Based on a comparison of these conjugations, Bauman (1975: 195, 237, 247) proposed the prototypical Tibeto-Burman agreement system shown in tables 1 and 2.

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