Toward a Distributed Carbon Ledger for Carbon Emissions Trading and Accounting for Corporate Carbon Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingliang Tang ◽  
Lie Ming Tang
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Carbon Emissions Trading ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Single Mechanism

ABSTRACT Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions control requires coordinated efforts and collaboration at all levels of governmental bodies, non-for-profit organizations, and private sectors. However, the target is difficult to achieve due to challenges arising from conflicts of interest and lack of trust between stakeholders. Thus, we propose a distributed carbon ledger (DCL) system using blockchain technology. Our analysis suggests that the adoption of DCL not only strengthens the corporate accounting system for carbon asset management but also fits within existing market-based emissions trading schemes (ETSs). Blockchain-enabled DCL allows the integration of national emission trading schemes (ETSs) and corporate carbon asset management into a synthetic single mechanism. JEL Classifications: M41; O44.

scholarly journals Impact of emission trading and renewable energy support scheme on the optimality of generator side bidding

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 05008 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Arya ◽  
SPS Mathur ◽  
M Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Test System ◽  
For Profit ◽  
System Operator

As a major Green House Gases (GHG) producer, CO2 in particular, the electricity industry’s emissions have turned in to a matter of immense concern in many countries, especially in India. India’s economy and fast economic development has attracts the attention of the world. Emission trading schemes (ETS) and renewable energy support schemes (RESS) are implemented by the various developed countries to alleviate the affect of GHG emissions. In this paper, an optimization based market simulation approach is proposed with the consideration of emission trading schemes and renewable support schemes. To simulate the bidding strategy and for profit maximization, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used. As above problem is a multi-objective optimization problem, Where, in the first level each Genco submit the bid to the independent system operator and in the next level a optimization method is used for the determination of optimal bidding with the implementation of emission trading schemes and renewable support schemes. It is assumed that each generator should submit bid as a price taker’s in sealed auction based on pay-as-bid market clearing price mechanism. The practicability of proposed optimization method is checked by an IEEE-30 bus test system consists of six suppliers.

scholarly journals SIMULATION RESEARCH ON CARBON EMISSIONS TRADING BASED ON BLOCKCHAIN

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Qing Zhou ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Risk Prevention ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Simulation Research ◽  
Carbon Emissions Trading ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Market Transaction ◽  
The Government ◽  
Trading Simulation

Global warming caused by greenhouse gases is one of the problems that need to be solved urgently. Blockchain technology can achieve automatic quota certification and settlement, providing a new direction for carbon emissions trading. This paper provides a quantitative analysis of blockchain-based carbon emissions trading through the Repast simulation platform. Firstly, it designs the blockchain-based carbon emissions trading simulation framework from a macro perspective, including identity and quota certification, quota trading, risk prevention and smart contracts management. Then, it establishes a blockchain-based carbon emissions trading simulation model and formulates the behavior rules of the government, investors and company agents and market transaction processes. Finally, it simulates the carbon emissions trading based on public chain and private chain on the Repast platform, and analyzes the simulation results.

A Theoretical Analysis of Carbon Emission Trading System in China and the Perfection of its Rules and Regulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 4530-4535
Author(s):  
Mo Ru Liu ◽  
Hua Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Capacity Allocation ◽  
Emission Trading System ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Carbon Emissions Trading ◽  
Trading Mechanism ◽  
Carbon Emission Trading

The Carbon emission trading mechanism is an important tool to tackle climate change, promote low-carbon economic development, and facilitate ecological civilization construction. The Carbon emission trading system is set up based on the overall amount control. It controls the greenhouse gas emissions through the marketing mechanism, and reduces the cost of carbon emission control. Through theoretical analyses of the property rights of carbon emission right and the legal relationship of carbon emissions trading ,the theoretical basis for the carbon emissions trading mechanism is established. Currently, the measures to improve the carbon emissions trading mechanisms in China mainly consist of perfecting the trading platform, improving the marketing regulation system, promoting legislations of the total amount control of carbon emissions and the initial allocation of carbon emissions right so as to realize the optimal environmental capacity allocation of carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Study on China's Carbon Emission Trading Market Development under the Globalization

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Jian Chen ◽  
Maoguan Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Carbon Emissions Trading ◽  
Development History ◽  
Trading Market ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Carbon Emission Trading

This paper starts by describing China's carbon emissions trading market development history, reveals the existence of its development problems, then, analyzes the experience of successful establishment of the European and American national carbon emissions trading market. At last, this paper recommends for a call of unified effort to improve domestic carbon emissions trading market system.

Uncertainty Analysis of the Carbon Tax on Net Profit for an Enterprise

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 4197-4202
Author(s):  
Tai Yi Yu ◽  
Yung Ching Fan ◽  
Ruei Shan Lu ◽  
Kuo Wei Peng
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Conditional Value At Risk ◽  
Carbon Emissions Trading ◽  
Net Profit

A carbon emission trading/carbon tax is an economic incentive to encourage enterprises to reduce their carbon emissions. The information of greenhouse gas emissions at 2005-2009, carbon emissions trading prices in Europe, the euro-NT dollar exchange rate, and the profits and losses of enterprises, manufacturers of panel-related technology, were gathered to estimate VaR (Value at Risk) and CVaR (Conditional Value at Risk) values of implementing carbon tax or carbon emissions trading, using the Monte Carlo simulation method with the Crystal Ball software. This study uses sensitivity analysis, tornado diagrams, and spider graphs to determine the influence that variables have on enterprise net profit.

Analysis on Carbon Emission Right Theories

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 5235-5238
Author(s):  
Zhen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
National Development ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Carbon Emissions Trading ◽  
Carbon Emission Trading ◽  
Emissions Trading System

Since China’s National Development and Reform Commission approved the first seven pilot cities to carbon emission right trading, carbon emission trading is now flourishing in the country. However, in practice, the carbon emission trading emerges many problems and short in some basic theories to safeguard. In theory, the nature of carbon emission right still has no uniform academic definition. What is carbon emission right? There is an academic contend to illustrate it, such as usufruct right, property right, new property and other theories. What’s more, defining the nature of carbon emission right is the premise to ensure that carbon emissions trading system work smoothly.

Does a carbon emissions trading scheme spur urban green innovation? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110153
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Xiangyou Li ◽  
Deyong Song ◽  
Meng Tian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Carbon Emissions Trading ◽  
The Government ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
The Impact

Based on the panel data of 277 cities between 2003 and 2017 and a unique city-level dataset of green patent applications, this study employs the difference-in-differences (DID) method to evaluate the effect of China’s carbon emission trading scheme (ETS) pilots on urban green innovation. The findings indicate that China’s ETS pilots have a positive impact on urban green innovation, and that impact is more significant for municipalities than for prefecture-level cities. Furthermore, the impact on different categories of urban green innovation is heterogeneous. More specifically, China’s ETS pilots have significantly spurred urban green innovation that is closely related to energy conservation and emission reduction, including alternative energy production, transportation, energy conservation and so forth. Moreover, the facilitating effect of China’s ETS pilots on urban green innovation suffers from a lagging effect, which began to show a significant positive effect in 2016. Overall, this paper identifies the effect of China’s ETS pilots on urban green innovation, and suggests that the government should consider the heterogeneity of urban green innovation when designing national ETS policies.

scholarly journals Personal Carbon Trading—Lost in the Policy Primeval Soup?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4592
Author(s):  
Fabio Bothner
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multiple Streams Approach ◽  
Carbon Taxation ◽  
Set Up

The number of emission trading and carbon taxation schemes implemented has grown rapidly over the past decade. Together, they cover approximately 16% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although more than two-thirds of global GHG emissions are related to household consumption, approaches that directly target households, such as personal carbon trading (PCT), do not play a role in the fight against climate change. This is especially puzzling as measures taken so far are not sufficient to reach the 2 °C target. One clue to solving this puzzle comes from political science in the form of the multiple streams approach, which defines criteria that a policy proposal must meet to become part of the political agenda. Based on these criteria, this article conducts a systematic review on PCT to clarify why PCT does not play a role in the reduction of GHG emissions. The results show that there are three main problems with the PCT proposal. First, scholars often criticize the set-up costs as well as the running costs of such a system. Second, there is no clear consensus within the research community on public acceptance of PCT. Third, it is still unclear whether politicians are receptive to PCT or not.

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