Contract Framing, Expected Disappointment, and Effort: The Moderating Role of External Locus of Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-200
Author(s):  
Michael Majerczyk ◽  
Joel Owens ◽  
Nathan Waddoups
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Incentive Contracts ◽  
Individual Characteristic ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Contract Framing ◽  
External Locus Of Control ◽  
Moderating Role

ABSTRACT Understanding when incentive contracts are effective is important for organizations. Prior research documents that while employees generally prefer to work under contracts that include bonuses, employees exert more effort under economically equivalent penalty contracts. One reason for this is that penalties cause employees to experience greater expected disappointment than do bonuses. This study extends prior research in this area by documenting that external locus of control (ELOC), an individual characteristic, helps explain how different employees respond to incentive contracts. We predict and find that, compared to individuals with higher ELOC, individuals with lower ELOC are less susceptible to contract frame-induced differences in expected disappointment and not as motivated by penalty contracts compared to bonus contracts. This finding extends theory on contract framing and has important implications for organizations. Our results suggest that penalty provisions are most efficacious at lower ranks in the organization where higher ELOC is more common.

Examining the relationship between health locus of control and God Locus of Health Control: Is God an internal or external source?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 931-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni M Boyd ◽  
Sara Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Health Locus Of Control ◽  
External Source ◽  
Religious Attendance ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Health Control ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
External Locus Of Control ◽  
The Relationship

For many people, the influence of believing in a higher power can elicit powerful effects. This study examined the relationship between God control, health locus of control, and frequency of religious attendance within 838 college students through online surveys. Regression analysis showed that chance and external locus of control and frequency of religious attendance were significant and positive predictors of God Locus of Health Control. The association of powerful others external locus of control and God Locus of Health Control differed by race (stronger in non-Whites than Whites) and somewhat by gender (stronger in women than men). For some people, the role of a supreme being, or God, should be considered when designing programs for improving health behaviors.

scholarly journals The Role of Childhood Traumas, Emotional Self-Efficacy and Internal-External Locus of Control in Predicting Psychological Resilience

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Tuğba Türk-Kurtça ◽  
Metin Kocatürk
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
External Locus Of Control ◽  
Childhood Traumas

Psychological resilience is a broad concept that can be evaluated in the context of past experiences, emotional experiences and control mechanisms shaped by internal or external factors. In this study, the role of childhood traumas, emotional self-efficacy and the internal-external locus of control were investigated in predicting psychological resilience. The study included a total of 291 participants (208 females and 83 males) with average age of 20.29 (SD = 2.59). Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale, Internal-External Locus of Control Scale and Psychological Resilience Scale were used to collect data from participants. As a result of simple linear regression analysis, childhood traumas experiences, emotional self-efficacy and internal locus of control predicted resilience significantly among university students. Also, there was significant positive relationship between emotional self-efficacy, locus of control and resilience. On the other hand, resilience and childhood traumas were correlated negatively. The findings of the study are discussed at the end. The protective factors related to psychological resilience should be considered in a versatile way to understand its fundamental structure.

scholarly journals Role of Mindfulness and Psychological Wellbeing Between External Locus of Control and Depression: A Moderated Mediation Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Sadia Niazi ◽  
Adnan Adil
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
External Locus Of Control ◽  
Indirect Relationship

The present research aimed at examining the role of mindfulness and psychological wellbeing in the relationship between external locus of control and depression. Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer, 2003), Ryff Scale of Wellbeing (Ryff, 1989), DAAS Depression Subscale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), and Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale (Rotter, 1966) were administered on a convenient sample of three hundred and four (N=304) adults of Sargodha city (Punjab, Pakistan) to operationalize mindfulness, psychological wellbeing, depression, and external locus of control respectively. Results revealed that external locus of control had positive relationship with mindfulness whereas mindfulness and psychological wellbeing were negatively related with depression. Mindfulness fully mediated between external locus of control and depression. Psychological wellbeing moderated between mindfulness and depression by dampening their negative relationship. Moderated mediation analysis was undertaken through PROCESS macro for SPSS (Hayes, 2013), which revealed that conditional indirect relationship of external locus of control with depression was significant only at lower to moderate levels of psychological wellbeing. Implications of the study and suggestions for further research were discussed.

Associated Factors of Psychological Symptoms Among Unemployed Turkish Adults: The Role of Personality Factors and Rumination

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1557-1577
Author(s):  
Ezgi Tuna ◽  
Şeyma Balcı
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
External Locus ◽  
External Locus Of Control

Unemployment has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes including depression and suicide. In the last decades, unemployment rates have increased substantially in Turkey; yet, factors and mechanisms that play a role in experiencing psychological symptoms among unemployed individuals are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of personality characteristics on psychological symptoms among unemployed Turkish adults and to test the mediating role of rumination as a dysfunctional cognitive strategy. The sample consisted of 217 unemployed Turkish adults who completed self-report measures on neuroticism, external locus of control, rumination, and psychological symptoms. The results of the structural equation modeling indicated that rumination partially mediated the relationship between personality variables (i.e., neuroticism and external locus of control) and psychological symptoms, thus verifying the hypothesis of the study. The direct paths from trait neuroticism and external locus of control to psychological symptoms were also significant. Results revealed that a tendency to attribute future outcomes to external factors and an increased tendency to experience negative emotions are associated with engaging passively in rumination, which in turn predicts psychological symptoms. Interventions are suggested to focus on effective coping strategies along with increasing individuals’ perceived control over life and future.

scholarly journals The Moderating Role of Work Discipline on The Links Between Locus of Control and Work Ethics in Local Government Employees

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
Siswanto Siswanto ◽  
Umi Darus
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
City Government ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Work Ethics ◽  
Internal Locus ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
External Locus Of Control ◽  
The City ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of this study is to analyze the role of internal locus of control and external locus of control on work ethics. In addition, this study also analyzes the role of work discipline as a mediating variable. This study uses a quantitative approach. The number of research samples is 114 people. They are civil servants in the city government environment in East Java. Data analysis uses path analysis. The analysis shows that the two-locus of control variables have a positive effect on work ethics. Internal locus of control also has a positive effect on work discipline. Meanwhile, external locus of control does not affect work discipline. Analyst results show that work discipline has a role as a mediating variable. Meanwhile, in the external locus of control of work ethics, work discipline does not act as a mediating variable.

scholarly journals Peran Moderasi Komitmen Profesional terhadap Perilaku Reduksi Kualitas Audit Periode Pandemi Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Arfiana Dewi ◽  
Evi Dwi Kartikasari
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Accounting Firms ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Reduction Behavior ◽  
External Locus Of Control ◽  
Time Budget Pressure

The aims of this study was to examine the effect of time budget pressure and locus of control on the behavior of auditors performing audit quality reduction behavior in the midst of the covid-19 pandemic. In addition, to find out profesional commitment to moderate the effect of time budget pressure and locus of control on audit quality reduction behavior in the midst of the covid-19 pandemic. The population in this study are auditors who work in Public Accounting Firms, the sampling method used purposive sampling and obtained a sample of 64 respondents who collected data using google form. Data analysis used multiple linear regression and moderated regression analysis (MRA). This study found that external locus of control had a positive effect on audit quality reduction behavior and the moderating role of profesional commitment was not supported. This study implies that auditors can adapt to current conditions except for auditors who have an external locus of control and policy makers can pay attention to this.

Mood Connotations of a Locus of Control Questionnaire

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 1055-1059
Author(s):  
Theo K. Bouman ◽  
Hein Lambert ◽  
Frans Luteijn
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Symptom Inventory ◽  
External Locus Of Control

This study investigated the role of possible mood connotations in the frequently found positive relationship between external locus of control and depression. A sample of 247 “normal” subjects completed a short Dutch Locus of Control scale, mood ratings of its items, and the Depression Symptom Inventory. Results indicate that the mood connotations did not affect the correlations between depression and both the internal and the external locus of control scales.

Role of Stimulus Generalization in the Treatment of Alcoholism

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny J. Cohen ◽  
Joseph G. Phelan
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Stimulus Generalization ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Significant Generalization ◽  
External Locus Of Control

7 avoidance and 6 escape Ss were conditioned to an alcoholic beverage and administered the Rotter internal vs external locus of control of reinforcement test. 23 Ss, all patients at the Sepulveda V.A. Hospital, were tested for generalized conditioned anxiety in reaction to other alcoholic beverages after acquisition and extinction procedures. Results (χ3) showed significant generalization for all experimental Ss combined in extinction who externalized their locus of control of reinforcement.

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