The Pathogenesis of Vitiligo

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neel Malhotra ◽  
Marlene Dytoc
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Pigmentary Disorder ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

Background: Vitiligo is a commonly encountered pigmentary disorder. Numerous studies and investigations from all over the world have attempted to determine the mechanisms behind this disease; however, the pathogenesis of vitiligo remains elusive. Objective: In this comprehensive review article, we present the findings behind the five overarching theories of what causes this disfiguring and psychologically debilitating disease. Method: We begin our discussion with the role of genetic predisposition and move onward to the neural theory first proposed in the 1950s. Next we discuss the autoimmune hypothesis, followed by the reactive oxygen species model, and conclude by describing the findings of the more recent melanocytorrhagy hypothesis. Conclusion: Although the exact pathogenesis of vitiligo is uncertain, each of these theories likely plays a role. Understanding each theory would pave the way for therapeutic advances for this disease.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in animals: a pathophysiologist's view

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Gildikov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Publication Activity ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Intracellular Oxidative Stress

In the review article, from the modern standpoint, oxidative stress is considered as a universal pathophysiological mechanism of the vast majority of diseases in animals. A brief review of the publication activity in the world on this topic; the significance of reactive oxygen species in the physiology and development of intracellular oxidative stress, the role of etiological factors that initiate their hyperproduction are presented, as well the methods of detecting oxidative stress are characterizited. General concepts of the antioxidant system of the animal body are examined, and the pathophysiological targets of oxidative stress in animals are generalized.

scholarly journals ENDOMETRIOSIS AND OXIDATIVE-ANTIOXIDATIVE IMBALANCE STATUS. THE ROLE OF FLAVONOIDS, CURCUMIN AND N-ACETYLCYSTEINE

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 477-483
Author(s):  
Monika Ruszała ◽  
Dominik Dłuski ◽  
Aneta Zamojska ◽  
Agnieszka Wańkowicz ◽  
Marek Gogacz
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Unpaired Electron ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
The World ◽  
Immunological Factors

Endometriosis is a silent, unseen and painful female illness which is characterized by the presence of glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Approximately one in ten women in a reproductive age around the world suffer from endometriosis of whom nearly half is treated due to infertility. The pathogenesis and mechanisms that determines the occurence of the disease are still unknown. Immunological factors have been observed in the initiation and development of endometriosis. An imbalance between reactive oxygen species (molecules having an unpaired electron) and antioxidants leads to the upregulation of metalloproteinases, prostaglandins, cytokines and chemokines.

The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Tumor Treatment and its Impact on Bone Marrow Hematopoiesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-498
Author(s):  
Yongfeng Chen ◽  
Xingjing Luo ◽  
Zhenyou Zou ◽  
Yong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important molecule inducing oxidative stress in organisms, play a key role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression and recurrence. Recent findings on ROS have shown that ROS can be used to treat cancer as they accelerate the death of tumor cells. At present, pro-oxidant drugs that are intended to increase ROS levels of the tumor cells have been widely used in the clinic. However, ROS are a double-edged sword in the treatment of tumors. High levels of ROS induce not only the death of tumor cells but also oxidative damage to normal cells, especially bone marrow hemopoietic cells, which leads to bone marrow suppression and (or) other side effects, weak efficacy of tumor treatment and even threatening patients’ life. How to enhance the killing effect of ROS on tumor cells while avoiding oxidative damage to the normal cells has become an urgent issue. This study is a review of the latest progress in the role of ROS-mediated programmed death in tumor treatment and prevention and treatment of oxidative damage in bone marrow induced by ROS.

The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species, Kinases, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Nitric Oxide in the Regulation of Autophagy and Their Impact on Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in the Heart

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Krylatov ◽  
Leonid Maslov ◽  
Sergey Y. Tsibulnikov ◽  
Nikita Voronkov ◽  
Alla Boshchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Adaptive Process

: There is considerable evidence in the heart that autophagy in cardiomyocytes is activated by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) or in hearts by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Depending upon the experimental model and duration of ischemia, increases in autophagy in this setting maybe beneficial (cardioprotective) or deleterious (exacerbate I/R injury). Aside from the conundrum as to whether or not autophagy is an adaptive process, it is clearly regulated by a number of diverse molecules including reactive oxygen species (ROS), various kinases, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO). The purpose this review is to address briefly the controversy regarding the role of autophagy in this setting and to examine a variety of disparate molecules that are involved in its regulation.

scholarly journals Role of Natural Antioxidants on Neuroprotection and Neuroinflammation

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Domenico Nuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Oxygen Species

All cells continuously generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the respiratory chain during the energy metabolism process [...]

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