Further Observations of Nest Activity in the Social Paper Wasp, Polistes erythrocephalus Latreille (Hymenoptera Vespidae: Polistinae) in Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Paper Wasp ◽  
Nest Activity ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Hormone-mediated dispersal and sexual maturation in males of the social paper wasp Polistes lanio

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (23) ◽  
pp. jeb226472
Author(s):  
Robin J. Southon ◽  
Andrew N. Radford ◽  
Seirian Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Paper Wasp ◽  
Social Hymenoptera ◽  
Natal Nest ◽  
Male Dispersal ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Social Species ◽  
The Social ◽  
Males And Females

ABSTRACTSex-biased dispersal is common in social species, but the dispersing sex may delay emigration if associated benefits are not immediately attainable. In the social Hymenoptera (ants, some bees and wasps), newly emerged males typically disperse from the natal nest whilst most females remain as philopatric helpers. However, little information exists on the mechanisms regulating male dispersal. Furthermore, the conservation of such mechanisms across the Hymenoptera and any role of sexual maturation are also relatively unknown. Through field observations and mark–recapture, we observed that males of the social paper wasp Polistes lanio emerge from pupation sexually immature, and delay dispersal from their natal nest for up to 7 days whilst undergoing sexual maturation. Delayed dispersal may benefit males by allowing them to mature in the safety of the nest and thus be more competitive in mating. We also demonstrate that both male dispersal and maturation are associated with juvenile hormone (JH), a key regulator of insect reproductive physiology and behaviour, which also has derived functions regulating social organisation in female Hymenoptera. Males treated with methoprene (a JH analogue) dispersed earlier and possessed significantly larger accessory glands than their age-matched controls. These results highlight the wide role of JH in social hymenopteran behaviour, with parallel ancestral functions in males and females, and raise new questions on the nature of selection for sex-biased dispersal.

Both 'One' and 'Other': Environmental Cosmopolitanism and the Politics of Hybridity in Costa Rica

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Johnson ◽  
Suzanne Clisby
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

Cosmopolitans are frequently characterized as living and perceiving the world and their environment from a distance. Drawing on ethnographic work among a small group of Western migrants in Costa Rica, we complicate this portrayal in a number of ways. First, we demonstrate that these people think in similar kinds of ways as social theorists: they too are worried about living at a distance from place and are seeking what is, in their way of reckoning, a more engaged relationship with their surroundings. Second, however, we explore the social context and corollaries of these migrants' attempts to bring together a putatively "modern/cosmopolitan" way of relating to place and a "traditional/place-based" way of relating to surroundings. Specifically, we demonstrate how migrant claims to transcend the differences between "tradition" and "modernity" create new forms of social exclusion as they, both literally and figuratively, come to claim the place of "the other."

scholarly journals El desarrollo en nuestras manos

2014 ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Marcos Chinchilla Montes
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Actions ◽  
Social Sectors

Este artículo es parte de las reflexiones realizadas en el marco del proyecto de Investigación “Participación ciudadana y construcción de ciudadanía en la Península de Osa, Puntarenas”, adscrito a la Vicerrectoría de Investigación de la Universidad de Costa Rica. RESUMEN Conforme la problemática ambiental se agudiza, diferentes actores sociales y profesionales incorporan este tema dentro de sus objetos de acción política, de investigación, acción social y docencia. De modo que si bien en la actualidad, Costa Rica es ubicada entre las experiencias exitosas de conservación ambiental, la historia pasada y presente demuestra que tal afirmación es falaz, y que existe un abismo importante entre las acciones políticas del Estado, y la de los sectores sociales –por lo general populares– en cuanto al tema ambiental y a los esfuerzos de protección que impulsan. Este artículo explora dimensiones de participación social en la zona sur del país, otrora enclave bananero, que en la actualidad se debate entre un desarrollo que respete y aproveche los recursos naturales existentes, o que en su lugar los deprede, generando una integración socioeconómica que cambiaría de forma radical las expresiones culturales y sociales de sus habitantes. Palabras clave: Medio ambiente – Participación social – Costa Rica – Organizaciones – Desarrollo. O desenvolvimento em nossas maos RESUMO Conforme a problemática ambiental agudiza-se, diferentes atores sociais e profissionais incorporam esta temática dentro de seus objetos de ação política, de investigação, ação social e docência. De modo que na atualidade, Costa Rica é vista entre as experiências exitosas de conservação ambiental; a história passada e presente mostram que tal afirmação é falaz, e que existe um abismo importante entre as ações políticas do Estado e dos sectores sociais –geralmente populares- em quanto ao tema ambiental e aos esforços de proteção que impulsionam. Este artigo explora dimensões de participação social na região sul do país, outrora enclave bananeiro, que na atualidade debate-se entre um desenvolvimento que respeite e aproveite os recursos naturais existentes, ou que no seu lugar os deprede, gerando uma integração socioeconómica que mudaria de forma radical as expressões culturais e sociais de seus habitantes. Palavras chave: Médio ambiente - Participação social – Costa Rica – Organizações – Desenvolvimento.The Development in our Hands ABSTRACT As environmental issues increase, different social and professional actors incorporate this theme into their objects of political action, research, social work and teaching. Although Costa Rica is currently regarded as an example of successful environmental conservation stories, past and present history shows that this claim is false, and that there is a significant gap between the political actions of the State, and the social sectors-usually popular, in terms of the environmental issue and protection efforts they have both proposed. This article explores dimensions of social participation in the south of the country, a former banana enclave, which is currently being framed by a development that both respects and maximizes existing natural resources, or, in turn, it devastates them, creating a socio-economic integration that would radically change social and cultural expressions of its inhabitants. Keywords: Environment - Social Participation - Costa Rica - Organizations - Development

Translating from/for the margins of empire

Target ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aura E. Navarro ◽  
Catherine Poupeney Hart
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Western World ◽  
High Point ◽  
Colonial Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cohesive Group

Abstract The third series of the Gaceta de Guatemala (1797–1807) represents a high point of early journalistic production in colonial Spanish America. It benefitted from the presence of a particularly dynamic and cohesive group of young men involved in the development of the paper as a means of improving the social and economic situation of a territory extending from Chiapas to Costa Rica. Against a backdrop of censorship, and undeterred by their marginal position vis-à-vis the European centers of knowledge, they managed to include a surprising number of translations and references to foreign works. In conjunction with Colonial Studies, the Translation Studies perspective adopted in this article highlights how the editors of the Gaceta and their close collaborators, far from being passive consumers, managed to use translation as a tool to engage in, and prepare their readership for, dialogue with the Enlightened elites of the Western world.

Notes on Brood Morphology and the Development of the Neotropical Eusocial Wasp Mischocyttarus cerberus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)

Sociobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Carvalho Da Silva ◽  
Diego Santana Assis ◽  
André Rodrigues De Souza ◽  
Fabio Santos Nascimento ◽  
Edilberto Giannotti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Developmental Pattern ◽  
Paper Wasp ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Brood Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Eusocial Wasp

Mischocyttarus cerberus stands out among the most investigated species of the eusocial paper wasp, in Brazil. While the adult characteristics were relatively well reported in the earlier studies, very meager information was available regarding their immature stages. This study provides a description of the immature morphology of the general brood of M. cerberus, by studying the number of instars and analyzing the degree of influence exerted by some of the environmental factors on the individuals in the immature phases. This work involves a detailed study of 72 wasp colonies from Rio Claro and Ribeirão Preto. Using the larvae drawn from 41 nests, the number of instars was calculated; besides, the degree to which a few environmental factors could affect the immature brood development was assessed in 31 nests. Eggs showed patterns similar in terms of form and size to that of the species described earlier. The two ventral lobes, characteristic of the Mischocyttarus larvae, were fully developed only in the fifth instar. The measurements of the larval heads in the five instars found concurred with the earlier reports for most of the social wasps. Furthermore, the larval stages took longer to develop, which could be related to the greater susceptibility of the larvae to the prevailing environmental factors. From the results of our study, we concluded that the M. cerberus showed the typical developmental pattern in the immature stages of its genus.

Developmental and Comparative Aspects of Social Play of Mantled Howling Monkeys in Costa Rica

Behaviour ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 123 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 144-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan L. Zucker ◽  
Margaret R. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Social Play ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Mantled Howlers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Focal Observation ◽  
Howling Monkeys

AbstractThe social play of infant and juvenile mantled howling monkeys in Costa Rica was studied via focal sampling (529.2 h) of known individuals of known age over a 22-month period. Observations of adult males (291.2 h of focal samples), done over portions of 3 calendar years, provided supplemental data for the social play of adults. Developmental patterns of play are presented, and are compared with data available for other mantled howlers, other sites, and other species of howlers. Social play by infants and juveniles occurred at the rate of .56 bouts/h, represented 5.79% of the total focal observation time, and bouts had a mean duration of 6.19 minutes. Play by an adult male occurred at the rate of .03 bouts/h (.007/h for all 4 adult males combined), represented 0.24% of his total focal time, and had a mean duration of 5.0 minutes. Ontogenetically, social play began in the 8th week of life. Infants' rates of play and percentage of time spent in play increased from the I1 stage through the I3 stage, then decreased into the juvenile period (> 1 year of age). Mean durations of play bouts increased through the 3 infant stages, then decreased slightly in the J1 stage. The occurrence ofplay groups (3 or more individuals) increased through the infant and juvenile stages. As infants aged, a larger percentage of bouts occurred further from the infants' and juveniles' mothers. With respect to social variables, no overall developmental pattern was evident for playing with an older or younger partner, or a partner that was the offspring of a mother ranked higher or lower than one's own mother; different age classes showed different patterns. When an older sibling was available as a play partner, no preference for this relative was shown. I3's had the highest number of different play partners. Immature howlers played predominantly with other immatures (93% of their interactions). The behaviours observed during play were similar to those reported for other howlers; the behaviours emitted by an adult male were similar to those of the juvenile partner, as was the style and intensity of play. The social play of these mantled howlers is viewed with respect to social, demographic, and ecological variables. The play of howlers is both facilitated and constrained by these variables.

The Social and Political Integration of West Indians in Costa Rica: 1930–50

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald N. Harpelle
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Social Development ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
West Indians ◽  
The West ◽  
Indian Immigrants ◽  
The Social

People of African descent in Costa Rica form a marginalised and geographically concentrated minority group. The limited interest that academics have shown towards people of African descent is a reflection of their position in Costa Rican society. National histories consistently ignore the contributions of West Indian immigrants to the economic and social development of modern Costa Rica. Moreover, the existing literature on people of African descent in Costa Rica fails to document properly West Indians' efforts to integrate into Hispanic society. As a result, several misconceptions continue to exist about the evolution of the West Indian community in Costa Rica.

The Fertility Plateau in Costa Rica: a Review of Causes and Remedies

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen D. Holl ◽  
Gretchen C. Daily ◽  
Paul R. Ehrlich
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Institutional Influence ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Status Of Women

The decline and subsequent above-replacement plateau in Costa Rican fertility rates illustrates a demographic pattern that is apparent in other developing countries. This paper discusses the complexity of factors that contribute to the fertility plateau in Costa Rica. These contributory factors include the social and economic status of women, socio-economic conditions in general, lack of government commitment to and supply of family planning services relative to demand, deficient sex and family-planning education, and the powerful institutional influence of the Catholic Church.We then discuss possible strategies, for developing and developed nations alike, to slow and eventually halt the exponential growth of the global human population. For this quintessential need the most important strategies, we suggest, are targeted education for both sexes and provision of comprehensive contraceptive and abortion services.

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