scholarly journals Incisor position and alveolar bone thickness:

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will A. Andrews ◽  
Wakas S. Abdulrazzaq ◽  
Jeffrey E. Hunt ◽  
Lucas M. Mendes ◽  
Linda A. Hallman
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Mandibular Incisor ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Incisor Inclination ◽  
Root Apices ◽  
Labial Surface

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate incisor position and its relationship to alveolar bone in untreated optimal occlusions and in untreated Class II malocclusions. Materials and Methods Fifty-seven lateral cephalograms of individuals with naturally occurring optimal occlusions (mean age = 23 years) were used to assess positions of central incisors and their relationships to alveolar bone. Data were compared to a sample of 57 individuals with untreated Class II malocclusions with concurrent anterior-posterior (AP) skeletal discrepancies (mean age = 16.9 years). Results Significant intergroup differences were found for AP jaw relationship, maxillary alveolar bone thickness, mandibular incisor inclination, maxillary incisor root distance to labial surface of alveolar bone, and mandibular incisor root apex distance to labial surface of alveolar bone. Small differences between females and males existed for several variables. In both samples, maxillary incisor roots were located closer to the labial surface of alveolar process than to the palatal surface by roughly a 2:1 ratio. Mandibular incisor root apices were generally equidistant from the labial and lingual surfaces of the alveolus in the optimal sample but closer to the lingual surface in the Class II sample. Conclusions Maxillary incisors tend to occupy the anterior one-third of the alveolus in untreated individuals, regardless of AP interarch dental relationships or AP jaw relationships. Mandibular incisor root apices tend to be centered within the alveolus in untreated optimal occlusions but are more positively inclined, and their root apices are more posterior in untreated Class II malocclusions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the soft tissue treatment simulation module of a computerized cephalometric program

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
Aslihan Zeynep Oz ◽  
Cenk Ahmet Akcan ◽  
Hakan El ◽  
Semra Ciger
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Mandibular Incisor ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Incisor Inclination

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of the treatment simulation module of Quick Ceph Studio (QCS) program to the actual treatment results in Class II Division 1 patients. Design: Retrospective study. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six skeletal Class II patients treated with functional appliances were included. T0 and T1 lateral cephalograms were digitized using QCS. Before applying treatment simulation to the digitized cephalograms, the actual T0-T1 difference was calculated for the SNA, SNB, ANB angles, maxillary incisor inclination, and protrusion and mandibular incisor inclination and protrusion values. Next, using the treatment simulation module, the aforementioned values for the T0 cephalograms were manually entered to match the actual T1 values taking into account the T0-T1 differences. Paired sample t-test were applied to determine the difference between actual and treatment simulation measurements. Results: No significant differences were found for the anteroposterior location of the landmarks. Upper lip, soft tissue A point, soft tissue pogonion, and soft tissue B point measurements showed statistically significant difference between actual and treatment simulation in the vertical plane. Conclusion: Quick Ceph program was reliable in terms of reflecting the sagittal changes that would probably occur with treatment and growth. However, vertical positions of the upper lip, soft tissue pogonion, soft tissue A point, and soft tissue B point were statistically different from actual results.

scholarly journals Treatment outcomes of Class II malocclusion cases treated with miniscrew-anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device: A randomized controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Eissa ◽  
Mahmoud El-Shennawy ◽  
Safaa Gaballah ◽  
Ghada El-Meehy ◽  
Tarek El Bialy
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mandibular Incisor ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue effects of the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) used with miniscrew anchorage and compare them with those of the conventional Forsus FRD. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 38 patients. These patients were randomly allocated into three groups. The 14 patients in group 1 (aged 12.76 ± 1.0 years) were treated with the FRD appliance. In group 2, the 15 patients (aged 12.52 ± 1.12 years) received treatment with FRD using miniscrew anchorage, and the 9 patients in group 3 (aged 12.82 ± 0.9 years) received no treatment as a control group. Linear and angular measurements were made on lateral cephalograms before and immediately after Forsus treatment. Data were analyzed statistically using paired t-, ANOVA, and Tukey tests. Results: Class I molar relationship and overjet correction were achieved in both treatment groups. Although mandibular growth was statistically nonsignificant, there was a significant headgear effect on the maxilla. Mandibular incisor proclination, maxillary incisor retroclination, and distalization of maxillary molars were significant in both treatment groups. However, no significant differences were found between the treatment groups. Conclusions: Class II correction was mainly dentoalveolar in both treatment groups. Use of miniscrews with Forsus did not enhance mandibular forward growth nor prevent labial tipping of the mandibular incisors.

scholarly journals Maxillary Incisor Proclination Effect on the Position of Point A in Class II division 2 Malocclusion

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 880-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazem S. Al-Nimri ◽  
Abdalla M. Hazza'a ◽  
Rami M. Al-Omari
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Alveolar Bone Remodeling ◽  
Local Bone ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Division 2

Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that the magnitude of alteration in the position of point A is not associated with proclination of the upper incisors in Class II division 2 malocclusion. Materials and Methods: Cephalometric films were taken for 30 Class II division 2 patients (8 males and 22 females; average age, 18.3 years) before and after upper incisor proclination. The total change in the position of point A was measured by superimposing the pretreatment and postproclination lateral cephalograms on the sella-nasion line at the sella. To determine the local effect of alveolar bone remodeling associated with upper incisor proclination on the position of point A, postproclination tracing of the maxilla was superimposed on the pretreatment tracing according to the Bolton template of maxillary superimposition. Results: The total vertical displacement in Point A position was downward by 0.84 mm (P = .002), and the total horizontal displacement was forward by 0.45 mm (P = .054). Assessment of local changes in point A revealed that the position of point A had moved backward by 0.60 mm (P = .001). No significant change was observed in the value of the sella-nasion–point A angle (SNA). Conclusion: The hypothesis is rejected. The position of point A is affected by local bone remodeling associated with proclination of the upper incisor in Class II division 2 malocclusion, but this minor change does not significantly affect the SNA angle.

scholarly journals Comparison of Maxillary and Mandibular Incisor Inclination in Class II Division 1 Malocclusion among Chinese Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Manju Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Division I ◽  
Mandibular Incisor ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Incisor Inclination ◽  
Average Angle ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

Objective: To determine maxillary and mandibular incisor inclination in Class II Division 1 malocclusion among different vertical skeletal type Chinese children. Materials & Method: Lateral cephalograms of Class II Division I malocclusion cases of 120 Chinese children (male-55, female-65) of the age range 12-14 years were divided into three vertical skeletal types (low angle, average angle, high angle) based on Sella-Nasion to Mandibular plane angle. To determine incisor inclination, lateral cephalometric radiographs were measured and analyzed using factorial analysis. All angular parameters were processed using ANOVA and t-test. Maxillary and mandibular incisor inclinations were discussed in detail among three vertical facial skeletal types. Result: The maxillary and mandibular incisors of low angle individuals were found to be proclined more than those with high and average angle individuals. Conclusion: Different vertical facial types of Class II Division I malocclusion in early permanent dentition accord to establish discriminate values to set up the cephalometric standards for diagnosis and treatment planning for the clinicians.  

scholarly journals Comparison of the changes of alveolar bone thickness in maxillary incisor area in extraction and non-extraction cases: computerized tomography evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Barroso Picanço ◽  
Fabricio Pinelli Valarelli ◽  
Rodrigo Hermont Cançado ◽  
Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas ◽  
Gracemia Vasconcelos Picanço
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Treatment Length ◽  
Space Closure ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Maxillary Incisors

OBJECTIVE: To compare, through computed tomography, alveolar bone thickness changes at the maxillary incisors area during orthodontic treatment with and without tooth extraction. METHODS: Twelve patients were evaluated. They were divided into 2 groups: G1 - 6 patients treated with extraction of right and left maxillary first premolars, with mean initial age of 15.83 years and mean treatment length of 2.53 years; G2 - 6 patients treated without extraction, with mean initial age of 18.26 years and mean treatment length of 2.39 years. Computed tomographies, lateral cephalograms and periapical radiographs were used at the beginning of the treatment (T1) and 18 months after the treatment had started (T2). Extraction space closure occurred in the extraction cases. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were performed by dependent and independent t test, respectively. RESULTS: In G1, the central incisor was retracted and uprighted, while in G2 this tooth showed vestibularization. Additionally, G1 presented a higher increase of labial alveolar bone thickness at the cervical third in comparison with G2. The incidence of root resorption did not present significant differences between groups. CONCLUSION: There were no changes in alveolar bone thickness when extraction and nonextraction cases were compared, except for the labial alveolar bone thickness at the cervical third of maxillary incisors.

scholarly journals Alveolar bone response to light-force tipping and bodily movement in maxillary incisor advancement: A prospective randomized clinical trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyakorn Chaimongkol ◽  
Udom Thongudomporn ◽  
Steven J. Lindauer
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Bodily Movement ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Light Force ◽  
Movement Group ◽  
Bone Height

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare alveolar bone thickness and height changes between untreated incisors (control), incisors advanced with light-force tipping, and incisors advanced with bodily movement mechanics. Materials and Methods: Forty-three subjects (aged 9.49 ± 1.56 years) with anterior crossbite were allocated into an untreated group (control), tipping group, or bodily movement group. Lateral cephalograms were taken before advancement (T0) and after obtaining normal overjet (T1). Changes in labial and palatal alveolar bone thickness and height surrounding maxillary incisors were evaluated with limited field-of-view cone-beam computed tomography before advancement (CT0) and 4 months after normal overjet was obtained (CT1). Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank and Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA tests were used to compare changes within and between groups, as appropriate. The significance level was set at .05. Results: Labial alveolar bone thickness at the midroot and apical levels were significantly decreased in the bodily movement group (P < .05). However, between groups, there was no statistically significant difference in labial bone thickness changes at any level. Palatal and total alveolar bone thickness at the midroot and apical levels were significantly decreased in the tipping group compared with the control and bodily movement groups (P < .05). Neither labial nor palatal bone height changes were significantly different among groups. Conclusions: Maxillary incisor advancement with light-force tipping and bodily movement in growing patients resulted in labial alveolar bone thickness and labial and palatal alveolar bone height changes that were similar to the untreated group.

scholarly journals Cephalometric Evaluation of Alveolar Bone Remodeling following Anterior Teeth Retraction

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Darshit Dhanani ◽  
G Shivaprakash
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Mandibular Incisor ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Alveolar Bone Remodeling ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Incisor Retraction

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the extent of the alveolar bone remodeling after incisor retraction using lateral cephalograms. Materials and methods Lateral cephalograms of 30 patients with age of 16 years and above requiring therapeutic extraction of both maxillary and mandibular first premolars, mainly for the purpose of retraction of anterior teeth, had been taken at the start of treatment and after retraction of anterior teeth. Various hard tissue anatomical landmarks were traced, and linear parameters of pretreatment (T1) and postretraction (T2) lateral cephalometric radiographs were measured. The mean and standard deviation were calculated, the data were tabulated, and comparison of T1 and T2 readings was made utilizing paired Student’s t-test. Results When maxillary incisors are retracted, the labial bone thickness at the midroot level (MxL2) and at apical level (MxL3) increased during upper incisor retraction. There was a significant reduction in alveolar bone thickness on the lingual/palatal side after maxillary and mandibular incisor retraction. Conclusion When tooth movement is limited, forcing the tooth against the cortical bone may cause adverse sequelae. This type of approach must be carefully monitored to avoid negative iatrogenic effects. How to cite this article Dhanani D, Shivaprakash G. Cephalometric Evaluation of Alveolar Bone Remodeling following Anterior Teeth Retraction. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):21-24.

scholarly journals Changes of anterior maxillary alveolar bone thickness following incisor proclination and extrusion

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udom Thongudomporn ◽  
Chairat Charoemratrote ◽  
Sarayut Jearapongpakorn
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Maxillary Incisors ◽  
Palatal Bone

ABSTRACT Objective:  To investigate changes in maxillary alveolar bone thickness after maxillary incisor proclination and extrusion during anterior crossbite correction in a group of growing patients with Class III malocclusion. Materials and Methods:  Maxillary incisors of 15 growing patients with anterior crossbite were proclined and extruded with 0.016″ beta-titanium advancing loops and Class III elastics. Lateral cephalograms were recorded before advancement (T0) and 4 months after a normal overjet and overbite were achieved (T1). Changes in alveolar bone thickness surrounding the maxillary incisors at the crestal (S1), midroot (S2), and apical (S3) levels were measured using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Paired t-tests were used to determine the significance of the changes. A Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between thickness changes and the rate and amount of incisor movements. Results:  Although statistically significant decreases were observed in palatal and total bone thickness at the S2 and S3 level (P < .05), the amounts of these changes were clinically insignificant, ranging from 0.34 to 0.59 mm. Changes in labial bone thickness at all levels were not significant. Changes in palatal bone thickness at S3 were negatively correlated with changes in incisor inclination. (r  =  −0.71; P < .05). Conclusion:  In a group of growing patients with Class III malocclusion undergoing anterior crossbite correction, controlled tipping mechanics accompanied by extrusive force may produce successful tooth movement with minimal iatrogenic detriment to the alveolar bone.

scholarly journals Alveolar bone remodeling during maxillary incisor intrusion and retraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok Yoon Hong ◽  
Jeong Won Shin ◽  
Christine Hong ◽  
Vania Chan ◽  
Un-Bong Baik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Initial Thickness ◽  
Alveolar Bone Remodeling ◽  
Relative Change ◽  
Corrective Procedures ◽  
Labial Surface ◽  
Surface Angle

Abstract Background Maxillary incisor protrusion is a prevalent dental deformity and is often treated by upper incisor intrusion and retraction. The mechanical loading triggers the resorption and apposition of the bone. Alveolar bone remodeling is expected to follow orthodontic tooth movement in a one-to-one relationship. However, in many cases, the outcomes are different. Alveolar bone might still remain thick causing lip protrusion and other aesthetic problems after treatment. Additional corrective procedures such as alveoloplasty. On the other hand, if the labial bone becomes too thin, periodontal problems like gingival recession might occur. The unpredictability of the treatment result and the risk of requiring corrective procedures pose significant challenges to both the providers and patients. The aim of this study is to determine factors that can help to predict the alveolar bone reaction before maxillary incisor intrusion and retraction. Methods The cohort included 34 female patients (mean age 25.8 years) who were diagnosed with skeletal class II malocclusion with upper incisor protrusion. These patients underwent extraction and orthodontic treatment with upper incisor intrusion and retraction. Lateral cephalograms at pre-treatment and post-treatment were taken. Linear and angular measurements were analyzed to evaluate the alveolar bone changes based on initial conditions. Results The study found that the relative change, calculated as change in alveolar bone thickness after treatment divided by the initial alveolar thickness, was inversely correlated with the initial thickness. There was a significant increase of labial alveolar bone thickness at 9-mm apical from cementoenamel junction (B3) (P < 0.05) but no statistically significant change in the thickness at other levels. In addition, the change in angulation between the incisor and alveolar bone was inversely correlated with several initial angulations: between the initial palatal plane and upper incisor angle, between the initial palatal plane and upper incisor labial surface angle, and between the initial palatal plane and bone labial surface angle. On the other hand, the change in labial bone thickness was neither significantly correlated with the initial thickness nor significantly correlated to the amount of retraction. Conclusion The unpredictability of alveolar bone remodeling after upper incisor intrusion and retraction poses significant challenges to treatment planning and patient experience. The study showed that the initial angulation between the incisor and alveolar bone is correlated with the change in angulation after treatment, the initial thickness of the alveolar bone was correlated with the relative change of the alveolar bone thickness (defined as change in thickness after treatment divided by its initial thickness), and the amount of intrusion was correlated with the alveolar bone thickness change at 9-mm apical from the cementoenamel junction after treatment. The results of the present study also revealed that the change in labial alveolar bone thickness was neither significantly correlated with the initial thickness nor significantly correlated to the amount of retraction.

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