Effectiveness of a motionless ultrasonic toothbrush in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the effectiveness of a motionless ultrasonic toothbrush to a manual toothbrush in reducing dental plaque, gingival inflammation, and mutans streptococci in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five orthodontic patients were recruited to this crossover study. The patients were randomized into two groups starting with manual or motionless ultrasonic toothbrushes for 30 days. After a 30-day washout period, the patients switched to the other toothbrush type for 30 days. Plaque and gingival indices were evaluated by two calibrated-blinded examiners before and after each 30-day period of brushing. Salivary samples were also collected for quantification of mutans streptococci. Results: On the bracket side, the motionless ultrasonic toothbrush showed a significantly higher mean plaque index bracket score after 30-day usage than baseline (P = .049), while the manual toothbrush group showed no difference between the before and after brushing periods (P = .10). The changes in plaque index bracket score were significantly more favorable in the manual toothbrush group than in the ultrasonic toothbrush group (P = .04). In contrast, no difference was observed on the nonbracket side. There was no significant difference in the changes of gingival index or the numbers of mutans streptococci between the two groups. Conclusion: Manual toothbrushing performed better than brushing with the motionless ultrasonic toothbrush in plaque removal on the bracket side in orthodontic patients. However, no difference was observed in terms of gingival status and the numbers of mutans streptococci.

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Oral Hygiene Status among Orthodontic Patients

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jcdp-11-4-25 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 25-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fatin Awartani ◽

Farhad Atassi

Keyword(s):

Home Care ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Dental Hygienist ◽

Maintenance Program ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Orthodontic Patients

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral hygiene status of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Methods and Materials The following indices were used to evaluate the oral hygiene status of patients in orthodontic treatment: gingival bleeding index (GBI), plaque index (PI), and ortho-plaque index (OPI). A self-administrated questionnaire was prepared covering oral hygiene practice, oral hygiene cleaning aids, and number of visits to a dental hygienist. Results Fifty patients (15–30 years old) were selected for the study from among the orthodontic patients treated at the King Saud University College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results showed that the PI and OPI were high with mean scores of 65.24 (SD 16.43) and 53.56 (SD 8.74) respectively, while the average GBI was a much lower value at 19.14 (SD 7.95). No significant difference was observed between male and female patients for the PI (p=0.925) and for the OPI (p=0.072), but a significant difference was observed for the GBI at the 5 percent significance level (p=0.033). The result of OPI showed that 20 (40 percent) of the patients had fair oral hygiene, whereas 30 (60 percent) had poor oral hygiene. Only 16 (32 percent) of the participants reported visiting the dental hygienist during their orthodontic treatment, while the remaining 34 (68 percent) did not. Conclusion The oral home care of the orthodontic patients surveyed was not at an optimal level, which indicated the need to establish an oral hygiene maintenance program. Clinical Significance Inadequate oral home care among orthodontic patients may make them more prone to develop gingivitis during orthodontic treatment. It is, therefore, essential that oral hygiene instructions and a hygiene maintenance program not be overlooked during orthodontic treatment. Citation Atassi F, Awartani F. Oral Hygiene Status among Orthodontic Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 July; 11(4):025-032. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/ view/volume11-issue4-atassi

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Short-term Effect of Mastic Gum on Salivary Concentrations of Cariogenic Bacteria in Orthodontic Patients

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/122205-455r.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 124-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Alev Aksoy ◽

Nizami Duran ◽

Serdar Toroglu ◽

Fatih Koksal

Keyword(s):

Mutans Streptococci ◽

Chewing Gum ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Before And After ◽

Viable Bacteria ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Fixed Appliances ◽

Caries Lesions ◽

Total Bacteria

Abstract Objective: To determine antibacterial activity of chewing mastic gum against the salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans, the total number of viable bacteria, and lactobacilli in patients undergoing therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: In this study, the levels of S mutans, lactobacilli, and total cultivated bacteria were measured before and after chewing mastic gum. The antibacterial effects of chewing mastic gum against these microorganisms in saliva were compared with a placebo gum. The counts for orthodontically treated patients were evaluated before chewing gum; just after chewing gum; and after 45, 75, 105, and 135 minutes. Saliva samples taken from the patients were inoculated onto trypticase-yeast-cystine-bacitracin agar for mutans streptococci and onto Rogosa agar for lactobacilli. The agar plates were incubated for 48 hours anaerobically at 37°C. The total number of viable bacteria was then counted. Results: Just after chewing the mastic gum for 15 minutes, a significant decrease of total bacteria and S mutans was observed (P < .001). The reduction in lactobacilli was not significant at later first stage (P > .05). However, at the end of 135 minutes, there were significantly fewer S mutans (P < .001), total viable bacteria (P < .001), and lactobacilli (P < .001) in the oral cavity after chewing mastic gum than after chewing paraffin (P < .001). The results show that chewing mastic gum decreased the total viable bacteria, S mutans, and lactobacilli in saliva in orthodontically treated patients with fixed appliances. Conclusion: Chewing mastic gum might be useful in preventing caries lesions.

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Relationship between orthodontic treatment and gingival health: A retrospective study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.137651 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 08 (03) ◽

pp. 373-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Fatma Boke ◽

Cagri Gazioglu ◽

Sevil Akkaya ◽

Murat Akkaya

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Gingival Recession ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Lower Incisor ◽

Gingival Health ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between orthodontic treatment and gingival health. Materials and Methods: A total of 251 patients among whom 177 were girls and 74 were boys, recruited from the records pool of the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Gazi, were included in the study. Patients’ treatments have been completed by postgraduate students during the period between 2006 and 2012. Patients’ folders were analyzed according to their age, treatment time, and the type of orthodontic treatment. Intra-oral photographs were analyzed, and the presence or absence of visible plaque, visible inflammation, and gingival recession were recorded, and incisor inclinations analyzed on lateral cephalometric films, before and after orthodontic treatment. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in patients treated with functional appliances before and after treatment. In patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, visible plaque, visible inflammation, and gingival recession showed significant increases after treatment, gingival biotype did not show any significant difference. Positive correlation was found between lower incisor position and gingival recession in patients treated with fixed appliance and extraction. And also cuspids were the teeth with the highest prevalence of gingival recession. Conclusion: Considering the relationship between orthodontic treatment and gingival health, cooperation among patients, orthodontists, and periodontists is important.

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A randomized controlled trial of a power brush/irrigator/mouthrinse routine on plaque and gingivitis reduction in orthodontic patients

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/022618-159.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 378-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christina Erbe ◽

Malgorzata Klukowska ◽

Hans C Timm ◽

Matthew L Barker ◽

Janneke van der Wielen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Positive Control ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Gingival Inflammation ◽

Gingival Bleeding ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess plaque and gingivitis reduction in orthodontic patients after 4 weeks' use of an oscillating-rotating power brush, irrigator, and mouthrinse. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized, examiner-blind, clinical trial comparing plaque and gingivitis outcomes for an experimental power brush/irrigator/mouthrinse oral hygiene routine vs a dental prophylaxis followed by regular manual brushing (positive control). Fifty-one participants with fixed orthodontic appliances in the upper and lower jaw and a minimum of 15 gingival bleeding sites were randomly assigned to experimental or positive control treatment. Both groups were instructed to use their products at least twice daily. At baseline, week 1, and week 4, plaque was evaluated using digital plaque imaging analysis and a conventional subjective index. Gingival inflammation and bleeding were also measured. Analysis of covariance was used to compare groups. Results: Fifty-one participants (mean age = 13.9 years) were randomized; 50 (25 per group) completed the study. At baseline, group means were not statistically different (P > .1) for gingival inflammation or bleeding. At week 4, the experimental and control groups had a 10.0% to 32.7% and 5.9% to 6.7% reduction vs baseline, respectively, in plaque (across both methods); 12.6% and 8.3% reduction, respectively, in gingival inflammation; and 50.6% and 37.8% reduction, respectively, in bleeding. At week 4, group differences favoring the experimental group were statistically significant (P < .05) for gingival inflammation, gingival bleeding, and plaque (by conventional and digital imaging indexes). Conclusions: Use of a power brush/irrigator/mouthrinse resulted in statistically significantly greater plaque and gingivitis reductions than prophylaxis followed by manual brushing in patients with fixed appliances over 4 weeks.

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Nitric oxide as prediction factor of gingival inflammation in orthodontic patients

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp160410005j ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (9) ◽

pp. 856-863

Author(s):

Predrag Janosevic ◽

Ivana Stojanovic ◽

Mirjana Janosevic ◽

Gordana Filipovic ◽

Maja Stosic

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Gingival Inflammation ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Oxide Concentration ◽

Nitric Oxide Concentration ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Background/Aim. Nowadays therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances is widely spread, having in mind positive effects it has in malocclusion treatments The side effect is increased gingivial inflammation in treated patients. The aims of this research are to estimate the inflammatory condition of gingiva in the first 6 months of orthodontic therapy on the basis of clinical parameters of sulcus bleeding index, plaque index, gingival crevicular fluid and salivary nitric oxide concentration, and to investigate role of nitric oxide as predicting factor of gingival inflammation in orthodontic patients. Methods. In this study, 30 patients of the Dental Clinic treated with fixed orthodontic appliances (11 males and 19 females), aged 15-22 years, were examined. Clinical parameters were evaluated and gingival crevicular fluid and saliva were collected, before the beginning of orthodontics therapy, and then, three and six months after it. Results. The approximate values of clinical parameters, gingival crevicular fluid and salivary nitric oxide concentration progressively increased. Low statistical significance of correlations among gingival crevicular fluid and salivary nitric oxide concentration and the measured clinical parameters were found. There is a statistically significant correlation between gingival crevicular fluid and salivary nitric oxide concentration. Conclusion. According to the obtained results, we can conclude that gingival crevicular fluid and saliva are reliable mediums for monitoring of the gingival inflammatory condition. More studies are needed to investigate a potential role of nitric oxide as predicting factor of gingival inflammation in orthodontic patients.

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Comparison of personality traits, attitude toward orthodontic treatment, and pain perception and experience before and after orthodontic treatment

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/121813-927.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 474-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Elham S. Abu Alhaija ◽

Mona A. Abu Nabaa ◽

Emad F. Al Maaitah ◽

Mahmoud K. Al-Omairi

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Pain Score ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Chi Square ◽

Experienced Pain ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare personality traits, attitude toward orthodontic treatment, and pain perception and experience before and after orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: One hundred subjects (50 male and 50 female) were included in this study. The mean (SD) age was 17.5 (2.05) years at T1 and 19.15 (2.32) years at T2. The instruments for data collection were questionnaires that included assessment of patients' personality traits, attitudes toward orthodontic treatment, and pain perception/experience. Subjects completed the questionnaires at two different times: before orthodontic treatment (T1) and after fixed orthodontic treatment (T2). Subjects were treated by fixed orthodontic appliances for an average (SD) period of 18.64 (0.35) months. Paired sample t-test and chi-square test were used to detect any differences. Results: Significant changes in personality traits were detected after orthodontic treatment irrespective of gender. Neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness scores were improved (P < .001). A positive attitude toward orthodontic treatment was reported at T1 (4.31 [±1.26]) and improved at T2 (3.98 [±1.16]) irrespective of gender (P < .05). The average (SD) expected pain score (T1) was 4.73 (1.88) and the average (SD) experienced pain score (T2) was 4.63 (1.58). Significant difference in the expected and experienced pain scores was not detected (P = .11). Conclusions: Personality traits and attitude toward orthodontic treatment improved after orthodontic treatment. Reported actual pain experience during orthodontic treatment was similar to that expected before treatment.

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Self-Reported Changes in Oral Hygiene Habits among Adolescents Receiving Orthodontic Treatment

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj7040096 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 96 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sandra Petrauskiene ◽

Natalia Wanczewska ◽

Egle Slabsinskiene ◽

Gintare Zemgulyte

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Background Information ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Risk Indicator ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Oral Hygiene Habits

The prevalence of malocclusion and a need for orthodontic treatment is high. Orthodontic appliances increase biofilm accumulation by expanding plaque retention sites. The aim of this study was to investigate the self-reported changes in oral hygiene habits among adolescents receiving orthodontic treatment. A cross-sectional study of 291 patients aged 10–17 years (mean (M) = 12.98; standard deviation (SD) = 2.36) was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics, Lithuanian University of Medical Sciences (LSMU) Hospital (Kaunas, Lithuania) during the fall semester (October–January) of the 2017/2018 study year. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire covered background information, experience of orthodontic treatment, oral hygiene habits and the seeking of professional dental care. Statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. To establish relationships between categorical variables, Chi-squared tests (χ2) were used. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was set to indicate statistically significant difference. The univariate logistic regression analysis evaluated the probability of an event given a certain risk indicator, including odds ratio (OR) and its confidence interval (95% CI). Associations were found between the usage of auxiliary measures (OR = 1.797 (1.118–2.887), p = 0.015), tongue cleaning (OR = 1.712 (1.059–2.767), p = 0.028), mouth rinsing after meals (OR = 1.707 (1.048–2.781), p = 0.032) and experience of orthodontic treatment, respectively. More orthodontic patients underwent professional oral hygiene regularly than non-orthodontic patients (p = 0.024). More patients with fixed orthodontic appliances reported significantly changed oral hygiene habits, while more orthodontic patients with removable appliances did not change their oral hygiene habits.

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Prevalence of White Spot Lesion in Nepalese Patients with Fixed Orthodontic Appliance

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v3i2.10070 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 7-10

Author(s):

Sandhya Shrestha ◽

Rabindra Man Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Treatment Duration ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

White Spot ◽

P Value ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

White Spot Lesion ◽

Male And Female ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Orthodontic Patients

Introduction: Enamel decalcification in the form of white spot lesion is a common complication seen in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Objective: To determine the prevalence of white spot lesion among Nepalese fixed orthodontic patients, to compare the occurrence of WSL among the patients with lesser and greater duration of treatment, and to compare between the gender groups. Materials & Method: A cross-sectional study was done to compare the prevalence of WSL between 300 orthodontic patients and 100 non-orthodontic subjects. Further comparison was done between the mean treatment duration between orthodontic subjects of 6-18 months and >18 months, and between male and female samples. Subjects were visually examined on second premolar to second premolar in both maxillary and mandibular arches using Gorelick’s WSL index. Descriptive statistics were calculated and independent t-test was used to compare the difference between the groups. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Result: The prevalence of WSL in Nepalese orthodontic patients was 54.3%; among them prevalence was 40% in lesser treatment duration group and 68.7% in greater treatment duration group. The study found significant difference between untreated nonorthodontic group and orthodontically treated group with respect to the number of teeth affected with WSL. Also, there was significant difference between the categories of orthodontic treatment duration. There was no significant difference between male and female samples. Conclusion: Fixed orthodontic treatment increase the risk of white spot lesion. Duration of orthodontic treatment also showed significant increase in the occurrence of WSL.

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Effectiveness of Mouth Washes on Streptococci in Plaque around Orthodontic Appliances

ISRN Dentistry ◽

10.5402/2011/954053 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Behnam Khosravani Fard ◽

Mahmood Ghasemi ◽

Hossein Rastgariyan ◽

Seyed Hadi Sajjadi ◽

Houshang Emami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Mutans Streptococci ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Double Blind ◽

Mouth Rinses ◽

Carious Lesions ◽

Before And After ◽

Orthodontic Patients

Background and Purpose. Fixed orthodontics may be associated with accumulation of Mutans Streptococci (MS), enamel demineralization, and an increased number of carious lesions, predominantly in sites adjacent to brackets. This study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of Listerine, Oral-B, and Ortho-kin on the accumulation of MS in plaque around orthodontic brackets. Materials and Methods A double-blind randomized cross-over clinical trial on 25 orthodontic patients, classified into 6 groups was done to assess MS in plaque and saliva with the side specific modified Strip-Mutans technique and the plaque (PI) was measured before and after rinsing using 3 types of commercial mouth-rinses. A washout period (3 weeks) was awaited between using each mouth-rinse and the data was analyzed via Wilcoxon and Kruskal Wallis statistical tests. Results. This study of 25 patients, 5 men and 20 women, with an average age of assessed the effectiveness of mouth-rinses on MS. Our results showed that Ortho-kin had a better effect than Oral-B and Listerine (). Ortho-kin also had better effects than Oral-B and Listerine on plaque accumulation (). Conclusion. Ortho-kin showed better effects on decreasing MS and PI because it contained chlorhexidine.

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A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the plaque removal efficacy of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush versus a sonic toothbrush in orthodontic patients using digital imaging analysis of the anterior dentition

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/080317-520.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 385-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Christina Erbe ◽

Collin Jacobs ◽

Malgorzata Klukowska ◽

Hans Timm ◽

Julie Grender ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Outcome ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Imaging Analysis ◽

Plaque Score ◽

Plaque Removal ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Adolescent Patients ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Single Use ◽

Electric Toothbrush

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the plaque removal efficacy of an oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush with an orthodontic brush head versus a sonic toothbrush in adolescent patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized, examiner-blind, replicate single-use, two-treatment, four-period, crossover study with a washout period between visits of approximately 24 hours. Forty-four adolescent patients with fixed orthodontic appliances in both arches were randomized based on a computer-generated randomization schedule to one of four toothbrush treatment sequences. The primary outcome was plaque score change from baseline, measured using digital plaque imaging analysis. Results: Baseline plaque levels for both brush treatments were high, covering more than 50% of the tooth area. Effective plaque removal was observed with both brush treatments (P < .001); however, the reduction in plaque with the oscillating-rotating toothbrush was statistically significantly greater (P = .017) compared with the sonic toothbrush. Conclusions: The study provides evidence for more effective plaque-removing efficacy of the oscillating-rotating toothbrush versus the sonic toothbrush among orthodontic patients.

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