scholarly journals The effect of mechanical vibration on orthodontically induced root resorption

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Yadav ◽  
Thomas Dobie ◽  
Amir Assefnia ◽  
Zana Kalajzic ◽  
Ravindra Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Gene Expression Analyses

ABSTRACT Objective:  To investigate the effect of low-frequency mechanical vibration (LFMV) on orthodontically induced root resorption. Materials and Methods:  Forty male CD1, 12-week-old mice were used for the study. The mice were randomly divided into five groups: group 1 (baseline)—no spring and no mechanical vibration, group 2—orthodontic spring but no vibration, group 3—orthodontic spring and 5 Hz of vibration applied to the maxillary first molar, group 4—orthodontic spring and 10 Hz of vibration applied to maxillary first molar, and group 5—orthodontic spring and 20 Hz of vibration applied to maxillary first molar. In the different experimental groups, the first molar was moved mesially for 2 weeks using a nickel-titanium coil spring delivering 10 g of force. LFMVs were applied at 5 Hz, 10 Hz, and 20 Hz. Microfocus X-ray computed tomography imaging was used to analyze root resorption. Additionally, to understand the mechanism, we applied LFMV to MC3T3 cells, and gene expression analyses were done for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Results:  Orthodontic tooth movement leads to decreased root volume (increased root resorption craters). Our in vivo experiments showed a trend toward increase in root volume with different frequencies of mechanical vibration. In vitro gene expression analyses showed that with 20 Hz of mechanical vibration, there was a significant decrease in RANKL and a significant increase in OPG expression. Conclusion:  There was a trend toward decreased root resorption with different LFMVs (5 Hz, 10 Hz, and 20 Hz); however, it was not more statistically significant than the orthodontic-spring-only group.

Expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 Genes in the Periodontal Ligament during Tooth Movement in Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Takahashi ◽  
M. Nishimura ◽  
K. Onodera ◽  
J.-W. Bae ◽  
H. Mitani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Tension And Compression ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Periodontal ligament tissue is remodeled on both the tension and compression sides of moving teeth during orthodontic tooth movement. The present study was designed to clarify the hypothesis that the expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNA is promoted during the remodeling of periodontal ligament tissue in orthodontic tooth movement. We used the in situ hybridization method and semi-quantitative reverse-transcription/polymerase chain-reaction analysis to elucidate the gene expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNA. Expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNA transiently increased on both the compression and tension sides during active tooth movement in vivo. The gene expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 was induced by tension, while compression indirectly promoted the gene expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 through soluble factors in vitro. Thus, we concluded that the expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 is differentially regulated by tension and compression, and plays an important role in the remodeling of the periodontal ligament.

scholarly journals Interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement—an in vitro and in vivo study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Rath-Deschner ◽  
Andressa V. B. Nogueira ◽  
Svenja Beisel-Memmert ◽  
Marjan Nokhbehsaim ◽  
Sigrun Eick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation

Abstract Objectives The aim of this in vitro and in vivo study was to investigate the interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement on interleukin (IL)-6 and C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2). Materials and methods The effect of periodontitis and/or orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) on alveolar bone and gingival IL-6 and CXCL2 expressions was studied in rats by histology and RT-PCR, respectively. The animals were assigned to four groups (control, periodontitis, OTM, and combination of periodontitis and OTM). The IL-6 and CXCL2 levels were also studied in human gingival biopsies from periodontally healthy and periodontitis subjects by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the synthesis of IL-6 and CXCL2 in response to the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum and/or mechanical strain was studied in periodontal fibroblasts by RT-PCR and ELISA. Results Periodontitis caused an increase in gingival levels of IL-6 and CXCL2 in the animal model. Moreover, orthodontic tooth movement further enhanced the bacteria-induced periodontal destruction and gingival IL-6 gene expression. Elevated IL-6 and CXCL2 gingival levels were also found in human periodontitis. Furthermore, mechanical strain increased the stimulatory effect of F. nucleatum on IL-6 protein in vitro. Conclusions Our study suggests that orthodontic tooth movement can enhance bacteria-induced periodontal inflammation and thus destruction and that IL-6 may play a pivotal role in this process. Clinical relevance Orthodontic tooth movement should only be performed after periodontal therapy. In case of periodontitis relapse, orthodontic therapy should be suspended until the periodontal inflammation has been successfully treated and thus the periodontal disease is controlled again.

scholarly journals CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 modulation by microbial and biomechanical signals in periodontal cells and tissues—in vitro and in vivo studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 3661-3670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Rath-Deschner ◽  
Svenja Memmert ◽  
Anna Damanaki ◽  
Marjan Nokhbehsaim ◽  
Sigrun Eick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Mechanical Signals ◽  
Periodontal Infection ◽  
Experimental Periodontitis

Abstract Objectives This study was established to investigate whether the chemokines CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 are produced in periodontal cells and tissues and, if so, whether their levels are regulated by microbial and/or mechanical signals. Materials and methods The chemokine expression and protein levels in gingival biopsies from patients with and without periodontitis were analyzed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The chemokines were also analyzed in gingival biopsies from rats subjected to experimental periodontitis and/or orthodontic tooth movement. Additionally, chemokine levels were determined in periodontal fibroblasts exposed to the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum and mechanical forces by RT-PCR and ELISA. Results Higher CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 levels were found in human and rat gingiva from sites of periodontitis as compared with periodontally healthy sites. In the rat experimental periodontitis model, the bacteria-induced upregulation of these chemokines was significantly counteracted by orthodontic forces. In vitro, F. nucleatum caused a significant upregulation of all chemokines at 1 day. When the cells were subjected simultaneously to F. nucleatum and mechanical forces, the upregulation of chemokines was significantly inhibited. The transcriptional findings were paralleled at protein level. Conclusions This study provides original evidence in vitro and in vivo that the chemokines CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 are regulated by both microbial and mechanical signals in periodontal cells and tissues. Furthermore, our study revealed that biomechanical forces can counteract the stimulatory actions of F. nucleatum on these chemokines. Clinical relevance Mechanical loading might aggravate periodontal infection by compromising the recruitment of immunoinflammatory cells.

Effect of low-frequency mechanical vibration on orthodontic tooth movement

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Yadav ◽  
Thomas Dobie ◽  
Amir Assefnia ◽  
Himank Gupta ◽  
Zana Kalajzic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Low Frequency

An Anti-c-Fms Antibody Inhibits Orthodontic Tooth Movement

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kitaura ◽  
M. Yoshimatsu ◽  
Y. Fujimura ◽  
T. Eguchi ◽  
H. Kohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Movement Model ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Factor Α

Orthodontic force induces osteoclastogenesis in vivo. It has recently been reported that administration of an antibody against the macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor c-Fms blocks osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) administration. This study aimed to examine the effect of an anti-c-Fms antibody on mechanical loading-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis in an orthodontic tooth movement model in mice. Using TNF receptor 1- and 2-deficient mice, we showed that orthodontic tooth movement was mediated by TNF-α. We injected anti-c-Fms antibody daily into a local site, for 12 days, during mechanical loading. The anti-c-Fms antibody significantly inhibited orthodontic tooth movement, markedly reduced the number of osteoclasts in vivo, and inhibited TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. These findings suggest that M-CSF plays an important role in mechanical loading-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption during orthodontic tooth movement mediated by TNF-α.

scholarly journals In vivo microcomputed tomography evaluation of rat alveolar bone and root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Ru ◽  
Sean Shih-Yao Liu ◽  
Li Zhuang ◽  
Song Li ◽  
Yuxing Bai
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness

ABSTRACT Objective: To observe the real-time microarchitecture changes of the alveolar bone and root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A 10 g force was delivered to move the maxillary left first molars mesially in twenty 10-week-old rats for 14 days. The first molar and adjacent alveolar bone were scanned using in vivo microcomputed tomography at the following time points: days 0, 3, 7, and 14. Microarchitecture parameters, including bone volume fraction, structure model index, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and trabecular separation of alveolar bone, were measured on the compression and tension side. The total root volume was measured, and the resorption crater volume at each time point was calculated. Univariate repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni corrections were performed to compare the differences in each parameter between time points with significance level at P < .05. Results: From day 3 to day 7, bone volume fraction, structure model index, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation decreased significantly on the compression side, but the same parameters increased significantly on the tension side from day 7 to day 14. Root resorption volume of the mesial root increased significantly on day 7 of orthodontic loading. Conclusions: Real-time root and bone resorption during orthodontic movement can be observed in 3 dimensions using in vivo micro-CT. Alveolar bone resorption and root resorption were observed mostly in the apical third on day 7 on the compression side; bone formation was observed on day 14 on the tension side during orthodontic tooth movement.

scholarly journals Effect of TNF-α-Induced Sclerostin on Osteocytes during Orthodontic Tooth Movement

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumitoshi Ohori ◽  
Hideki Kitaura ◽  
Aseel Marahleh ◽  
Akiko Kishikawa ◽  
Saika Ogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
Rankl Expression ◽  
Bone Maintenance ◽  
Tnf Α

Osteocytes are abundant cells in bone, which contribute to bone maintenance. Osteocytes express receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and regulate osteoclast formation. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) occurs by osteoclast resorption of alveolar bone. Osteocyte-derived RANKL is critical in bone resorption during OTM. Additionally, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is important in osteoclastogenesis during OTM. Sclerostin has been reported to enhance RANKL expression in the MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cell line. This study investigated the effect of TNF-α on sclerostin expression in osteocytes during OTM. In vitro analysis of primary osteocytes, which were isolated from DMP1-Topaz mice by sorting the Topaz variant of GFP-positive cells, revealed that SOST mRNA expression was increased when osteocytes were cultured with TNF-α and that RANKL mRNA expression was increased when osteocytes were cultured with sclerostin. Moreover, the number of TRAP-positive cells was increased in osteocytes and osteoclast precursors cocultured with sclerostin. In vivo analysis of mouse calvariae that had been subcutaneously injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or TNF-α revealed that the number of TRAP-positive cells and the percentage of sclerostin-positive osteocytes were higher in the TNF-α group than in the PBS group. Furthermore, the level of SOST mRNA was increased by TNF-α. As an OTM model, a Ni-Ti closed-coil spring connecting the upper incisors and upper-left first molar was placed to move the first molar to the mesial direction in wild-type (WT) mice and TNF receptor 1- and 2-deficient (TNFRsKO) mice. After 6 days of OTM, the percentage of sclerostin-positive osteocytes on the compression side of the first molar in TNFRsKO mice was lower than that in WT mice. In this study, TNF-α increased sclerostin expression in osteocytes, and sclerostin enhanced RANKL expression in osteocytes. Thus, TNF-α may play an important role in sclerostin expression in osteocytes and enhance osteoclast formation during OTM.

Osteoclastogenic Activity during Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 1010-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Wang ◽  
I. Takahashi ◽  
Y. Sasano ◽  
J. Sugawara ◽  
H. Mitani
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Mandibular Distraction ◽  
Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
Normal Controls

Mandibular distraction osteogenesis is a well-developed clinical modality for the treatment of craniofacial deformities and dental arch discrepancies, in combination with orthodontic treatment. However, in our previous study, orthodontic tooth movement into the distraction gap caused severe root resorption. The present study aimed to clarify the osteoclastogenic activity of cells in the distraction gap. We hypothesized that the gene expression of osteoclastogenic- and osteoclast-supporting molecules in osteoblasts and stromal cells would increase at distraction sites during the consolidation period. An animal model experiment involving rabbits was designed for mandibular distraction osteogenesis and subjected to in situ hybridization analysis. The number of osteoclasts was larger in the distraction gap during the early consolidation period than in normal controls, due to an increase of gene expression for osteoclastogenic cytokines in osteoblasts. It was concluded that osteoclastogenic and osteoclastic activities are stimulated at distraction sites during the early consolidation period.

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