Reducing Basal Insulin 90 Minutes before Exercise Protects Against Hypoglycemia Better than Insulin Suspension at Exercise Onset in T1D—The OmniTIME Results

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 65-OR
Author(s):  
DESSI ZAHARIEVA ◽  
SARAH M. MCGAUGH ◽  
RUBIN POONI ◽  
TODD VIENNEAU ◽  
TRANG T. LY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Insulin Suspension ◽  
Exercise Onset ◽  
Better Than

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Requirements for Prolonged, Fasted Exercise with and without Basal Rate Reductions in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M McGaugh ◽  
Dessi P Zaharieva ◽  
Rubin Pooni ◽  
Ninoschka C D’Souza ◽  
Todd Vienneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Basal Rate ◽  
Carbohydrate Feeding ◽  
Exercise Onset ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Better Than

<b>Objective:</b> Exercising while fasted in type 1 diabetes facilitates weight loss, however the best strategy to maintain glucose stability remains unclear. <p><b>Research Design and Methods:</b> Fifteen adults on CSII completed three sessions of fasted walking (120min at 45%VO<sub>2peak</sub>) in a randomized crossover design: 50% basal rate reduction set 90min pre-exercise (-90<sub>min</sub>50%<sub>BRR</sub>); usual basal rate with carbohydrate intake (0.3g/kg/hr; CHO-only); and combined 50%<sub> </sub>basal rate reduction set at exercise onset with carbohydrate (0.3g/kg/hr; Combo). </p> <p><b>Results:</b> Combo had a smaller change in glucose (5±47mg/dL) vs CHO-only (-49±61mg/dL, <i>P</i>=0.03) or -90<sub>min</sub>50%<sub>BRR</sub> (-34±45mg/dL). -90<sub>min</sub>50%<sub>BRR</sub> produced higher b-hydroxybutyrate levels (0.4±0.3 vs 0.1±0.1mmol/L) and greater fat oxidation (0.51±0.2 vs 0.39±0.1g/min) than CHO-only (both <i>P</i><0.05).</p> <b>Conclusions:</b> All strategies examined produced stable glycemia for fasted exercise, but a 50%<sub> </sub>basal rate reduction set 90 min pre-exercise eliminates carbohydrate needs and enhances fat oxidation better than carbohydrate feeding with or without a basal rate reduction set at exercise onset.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Requirements for Prolonged, Fasted Exercise with and without Basal Rate Reductions in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M McGaugh ◽  
Dessi P Zaharieva ◽  
Rubin Pooni ◽  
Ninoschka C D’Souza ◽  
Todd Vienneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Basal Rate ◽  
Carbohydrate Feeding ◽  
Exercise Onset ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Better Than

<b>Objective:</b> Exercising while fasted in type 1 diabetes facilitates weight loss, however the best strategy to maintain glucose stability remains unclear. <p><b>Research Design and Methods:</b> Fifteen adults on CSII completed three sessions of fasted walking (120min at 45%VO<sub>2peak</sub>) in a randomized crossover design: 50% basal rate reduction set 90min pre-exercise (-90<sub>min</sub>50%<sub>BRR</sub>); usual basal rate with carbohydrate intake (0.3g/kg/hr; CHO-only); and combined 50%<sub> </sub>basal rate reduction set at exercise onset with carbohydrate (0.3g/kg/hr; Combo). </p> <p><b>Results:</b> Combo had a smaller change in glucose (5±47mg/dL) vs CHO-only (-49±61mg/dL, <i>P</i>=0.03) or -90<sub>min</sub>50%<sub>BRR</sub> (-34±45mg/dL). -90<sub>min</sub>50%<sub>BRR</sub> produced higher b-hydroxybutyrate levels (0.4±0.3 vs 0.1±0.1mmol/L) and greater fat oxidation (0.51±0.2 vs 0.39±0.1g/min) than CHO-only (both <i>P</i><0.05).</p> <b>Conclusions:</b> All strategies examined produced stable glycemia for fasted exercise, but a 50%<sub> </sub>basal rate reduction set 90 min pre-exercise eliminates carbohydrate needs and enhances fat oxidation better than carbohydrate feeding with or without a basal rate reduction set at exercise onset.

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

Localization of immunolabels by electron microscopy and image averaging

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
J. Frank ◽  
P.-Y. Sizaret ◽  
A. Verschoor ◽  
J. Lamy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Image Averaging ◽  
Top View ◽  
Better Than

The accuracy with which the attachment site of immunolabels bound to macromolecules may be localized in electron microscopic images can be considerably improved by using single particle averaging. The example studied in this work showed that the accuracy may be better than the resolution limit imposed by negative staining (∽2nm).The structure used for this demonstration was a halfmolecule of Limulus polyphemus (LP) hemocyanin, consisting of 24 subunits grouped into four hexamers. The top view of this structure was previously studied by image averaging and correspondence analysis. It was found to vary according to the flip or flop position of the molecule, and to the stain imbalance between diagonally opposed hexamers (“rocking effect”). These findings have recently been incorporated into a model of the full 8 × 6 molecule.LP hemocyanin contains eight different polypeptides, and antibodies specific for one, LP II, were used. Uranyl acetate was used as stain. A total of 58 molecule images (29 unlabelled, 29 labelled with antl-LPII Fab) showing the top view were digitized in the microdensitometer with a sampling distance of 50μ corresponding to 6.25nm.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Electron Microscopic Observation of the Longitudinal Organization of Poly (p-Phenylene Terephthalamide) Fibers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
Li Li-Sheng ◽  
L.F. Allard ◽  
W.C. Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Aromatic Polyamides ◽  
Radial Arrangement ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Better Than

The aromatic polyamides form a class of fibers having mechanical properties which are much better than those of aliphatic polyamides. Currently, the accepted morphology of these fibers as proposed by M.G. Dobb, et al. is a radial arrangement of pleated sheets, with the plane of the pleats parallel to the axis of the fiber. We have recently obtained evidence which supports a different morphology of this type of fiber, using ultramicrotomy and ion-thinning techniques to prepare specimens for transmission and scanning electron microscopy.

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