772-P: Effect of a Low n6/n3 PUFA Diet on Intrahepatic Fat Content in Obese Adolescents

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 772-P
Author(s):  
MICHELLE A. VAN NAME ◽  
JENNIFER M. CHICK ◽  
MARY SAVOYE ◽  
BRIDGET PIERPONT ◽  
BRITTANY GALUPPO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Content ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Pufa Diet

Insulin resistance and whole body energy homeostasis in obese adolescents with fatty liver disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (4) ◽  
pp. E697-E703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Perseghin ◽  
Riccardo Bonfanti ◽  
Serena Magni ◽  
Guido Lattuada ◽  
Francesco De Cobelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Glucose Challenge ◽  
Body Energy

Obese adolescents are at risk of developing NAFLD and type 2 diabetes. We measured noninvasively the IHF content of obese adolescents to ascertain whether it is associated with insulin resistance and abnormal energy homeostasis. IHF content, whole body energy homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and body composition were measured using localized hepatic 1H-MRS, indirect calorimetry, fasting-derived and 3-h-OGTT-derived surrogate indexes (HOMA2 and WBISI), and DEXA, respectively, in 54 obese adolescents (24 female and 30 male, age 13 ± 2 yr, BMI >99th percentile for their age and sex). NAFLD (defined as IHF content >5% wet weight) was found in 16 individuals (30%) in association with higher ALT ( P < 0.006), Hb A1c ( P = 0.021), trunk fat content ( P < 0.03), and lower HDL cholesterol ( P < 0.05). Individuals with NAFLD had higher fasting plasma glucose (89 ± 8 vs. 83 ± 9 mg/dl, P = 0.01) and impaired insulin sensitivity (HOMA2 and WBISI, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, parameters of insulin secretion were unaffected. Their reliance on fat oxidation in the fasting state was lower (RQ 0.83 ± 0.08 vs. 0.77 ± 0.05, P < 0.01), and their ability to suppress it during the oral glucose challenge was impaired ( P < 0.05) vs. those with normal IHF content. When controlling for trunk fat content, the correlation between IHF content and insulin sensitivity was weakened, whereas the correlation with fasting lipid oxidation was maintained. In conclusion, NAFLD is common in childhood obesity, and insulin resistance is present in association with increased trunk fat content. In contrast, the rearrangement of whole body substrate oxidation in these youngsters appeared to be an independent feature.

scholarly journals Circulating Levels of FGF-21 in Obese Youth: Associations With Liver Fat Content and Markers of Liver Damage

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 2993-3000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosimo Giannini ◽  
Ariel E. Feldstein ◽  
Nicola Santoro ◽  
Grace Kim ◽  
Romy Kursawe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cytokeratin 18 ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Obese Youth ◽  
Hepatic Fat

Objective: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 is highly expressed in the liver and regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in rodents. The effects of obesity and fatty liver on circulating FGF-21 levels have been described mainly in adults. Herein, we measured plasma FGF-21 levels in lean and obese adolescents with low and high hepatic fat content (HFF% &lt;5.5% and HFF% ≥5.5%, respectively) and explored their relationship with hepatic fat content, measures of hepatic apoptosis, and insulin sensitivity. Methods: A total of 217 lean and obese adolescents with both low and high HFF% (lean = 31; obese low HFF% = 107; and obese high HFF% = 79) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, a fast gradient magnetic resonance imaging to measure the %HFF and abdominal fat distribution. Cytokeratin 18 levels were measured as a biomarker of liver apoptosis. A subset of adolescents underwent a 2-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and a liver biopsy (N = 14), to assess insulin sensitivity and steatohepatitis, respectively. Results: Compared to controls, FGF-21 levels were higher in obese youth, especially in those with high HFF (P &lt; .001). FGF-21 significantly correlated with adiposity indexes (P &lt; .001), visceral fat (r2 = 0.240, P &lt; .001), hepatic fat content (r2 = 0.278, P &lt; .001), cytokeratin 18 (r2 = 0.217, P &lt; .001), and alanine aminotransferase (r2 = .164, P &lt; .001). In subjects with steatoheaptitis, FGF-21 levels significantly correlated with the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (r2 = 0.27, P = .04). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that these relationships are independent of body mass index, visceral fat, and insulin sensitivity. An inverse correlation was documented with insulin, hepatic resistance indexes, and adipose resistance indexes, which disappeared after adjusting for hepatic fat content. Conclusions: Plasma FGF-21 levels are increased in obese adolescents, particularly in those with fatty liver. FGF-21 concentrations significantly and independently correlate with hepatic fat content and markers of hepatic apoptosis in obese youths.

Therapeutic Effect of Metformin and Vitamin E Versus Prescriptive Diet in Obese Adolescents with Fatty Liver

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 398-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akcam ◽  
Boyaci ◽  
Pirgon ◽  
Kaya ◽  
Uysal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obese Adolescents

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether metformin or vitamin E treatment for six months is effective in reducing body weight, blood pressure, and also ameliorating insulin resistance, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in obese adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Sixty-seven obese adolescents with liver steatosis (age range, 9 - 17 years) were included in the study. The metformin group received an 850-mg dose of metformin daily and the vitamin E group received 400 U vitamin E /daily, in capsule form for 6 months, plus an individually tailored diet, exercise, and behavioral therapy. Results: After 6 months later, there was a significant decline in body mass index, and fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) values in all three groups. Moreover, in comparingson of changes in HOMA among the groups, the metformin- treated group showed significantly improved metabolic control and insulin sensitivity (HOMA) at the end of the study. There were no significant differences for changes of adiponectin, TNF-alpha, in all three groups after 6 months study. Conclusion: These data suggest that metformin treatment is more effective than dietary advice and vitamin E treatment in reducing insulin resistance, and also in ameliorating metabolic parameters such as fasting insulin and lipid levels, in obese adolescents having NAFLD.

Screen-Time Behavior As a Predictor of Depressive Symptoms in Overweight and Obese Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa A. Murray ◽  
Ronald J. Sigal ◽  
Glen P. Kenny ◽  
Stasia Hadjiyannakis ◽  
Angela S. Alberga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Obese Adolescents

Non-Fasting Factor VII Coagulant Activity (FVII:C) Increased by High-Fat Diet

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (06) ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Bladbjerg ◽  
P Marckmann ◽  
B Sandström ◽  
J Jespersen
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Amidolytic Activity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

SummaryPreliminary observations have suggested that non-fasting factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:C) may be related to the dietary fat content. To confirm this, we performed a randomised cross-over study. Seventeen young volunteers were served 2 controlled isoenergetic diets differing in fat content (20% or 50% of energy). The 2 diets were served on 2 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at 8.00 h, 16.30 h and 19.30 h, and analysed for triglycerides, FVII coagulant activity using human (FVII:C) or bovine thromboplastin (FVII:Bt), and FVII amidolytic activity (FVIPAm). The ratio FVII:Bt/FVII:Am (a measure of FVII activation) increased from fasting levels on both diets, but most markedly on the high-fat diet. In contrast, FVII: Am (a measure of FVII protein) tended to decrease from fasting levels on both diets. FVII:C rose from fasting levels on the high-fat diet, but not on the low-fat diet. The findings suggest that high-fat diets increase non-fasting FVII:C, and consequently may be associated with increased risk of thrombosis.

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