731-P: Impact of 3 Weeks of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet and Exercise on Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract Objectives This pilot study is the first to examine the impact of alternate day fasting (ADF) combined with a high protein/low carbohydrate diet on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors in obese adults. Methods Obese adults (n = 10) followed an ADF diet (600 kcal fast day alternated with an ad libitum feast day; 35% protein, 22% carbohydrate, 43% fat) for 6 months. Meal replacements were consumed on the fast and feast days, in addition to regular foods, to help attain macronutrient targets. Results Body weight decreased (P < 0.001) by 8.4 ± 1.7 kg (8.6 ± 1.7%) after 6 months. Fat mass and visceral fat mass were reduced (P < 0.05) by 6.4 ± 1.6 kg and 0.2 ± 0.1 kg, respectively. Lean mass decreased (P < 0.05) by 1.3 ± 0.6 kg. Systolic blood pressure was reduced (P < 0.05) by 10 ± 3 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure was reduced (P < 0.05) by 6 ± 3 mm Hg. Fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and HbA1c remained unchanged after 6 months of diet. LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased (P < 0.001) by10 ± 4% and 15 ± 8%, respectively, after 6 months. HDL cholesterol levels decreased by 6 ± 3% from baseline to post-treatment. Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that ADF combined with a high protein/low carbohydrate diet is effective for lowering body weight, visceral fat mass, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. However, this diet has no effect on glucoregulatory factors. While these preliminary findings are promising, they still require confirmation by a larger-scale clinical trial. Funding Sources Nestle Health Sciences Grant.

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EFFECT OF A LOW CARBOHYDRATE DIET ON FUEL UTILISATION AND EXERCISE PERFORMANCE IN MILDLY OBESE ADULTS

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-200205001-01312 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. S234

Author(s):

J I. Komorowski ◽

R Attema ◽

K Mackay ◽

A Jennings

Keyword(s):

Exercise Performance ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Effects of intensive diet and exercise on knee joint loads, inflammation, and clinical outcomes among overweight and obese adults with knee osteoarthritis: the IDEA randomized clinical trial.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718118375.793486688 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Sudha Agarwal

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Knee Joint ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Diet And Exercise ◽

Joint Loads

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Effects of intensive diet and exercise on knee joint loads, inflammation, and clinical outcomes among overweight and obese adults with knee osteoarthritis: the IDEA randomized clinical trial.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718118375.793485526 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Virginia Kraus

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Knee Joint ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Diet And Exercise ◽

Joint Loads

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Comparative effects of a low-carbohydrate diet and exercise plus a low-carbohydrate diet on muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum responses in males

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.00643.2005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 291 (4) ◽

pp. C607-C617 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

T. A. Duhamel ◽

H. J. Green ◽

J. G. Perco ◽

J. Ouyang

Keyword(s):

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Atpase Activity ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Hill Coefficient ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Diet And Exercise ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

The Hill ◽

The Relationship

We employed a glycogen-depleting session of exercise followed by a low-carbohydrate (CHO) diet to investigate modifications that occur in muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-cycling properties compared with low-CHO diet alone. SR properties were assessed in nine untrained males [peak aerobic power (V̇o2 peak) = 43.6 ± 2.6 (SE) ml·kg−1·min−1] during prolonged cycle exercise to fatigue performed at ∼58% V̇o2 peak after 4 days of low-CHO diet (Lo CHO) and after glycogen-depleting exercise plus 4 days of low-CHO (Ex+Lo CHO). Compared with Lo CHO, Ex+Lo CHO resulted in 12% lower ( P < 0.05) resting maximal Ca2+-ATPase activity ( Vmax = 174 ± 12 vs. 153 ± 10 μmol·g protein−1·min−1) and smaller reduction in Vmax induced during exercise. A similar effect was observed for Ca2+ uptake. The Hill coefficient, defined as slope of the relationship between cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration and Ca2+-ATPase activity, was higher ( P < 0.05) at rest (2.07 ± 0.15 vs. 1.90 ± 0.10) with Ex+Lo CHO, an effect that persisted throughout the exercise. The coupling ratio, defined as the ratio of Ca2+ uptake to Vmax, was 23–30% elevated ( P < 0.05) at rest and during the first 60 min of exercise with Ex+Lo CHO. The ∼27 and 34% reductions ( P < 0.05) in phase 1 and phase 2 Ca2+ release, respectively, observed during exercise with Lo CHO were not altered by Ex+Lo CHO. These results indicate that when prolonged exercise precedes a short-term Lo CHO diet, Ca2+ sequestration properties and efficiency are improved compared with those during Lo CHO alone.

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Effects of low carbohydrate diet compared to low fat diet on reversing the metabolic syndrome, using NCEP ATP III criteria: a randomized clinical trial

BMC Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s40795-021-00466-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sherzad Ali Ismael

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Diet Group ◽

Low Fat ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

The Us

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study is to compare the change in the metabolic syndrome prevalence and risk factors between participants who followed a low carbohydrate diet and those who followed a low fat diet for six months in Erbil city/ Iraqi Kurdistan. Methods Out of 289 apparently healthy obese adults who were chosen by a stratified multistage probability sampling method, 94 of them agreed to participate in the study. They were assigned to low carbohydrate and low fat diet groups. Both groups were followed up for 6 months and the data were taken at baseline, after 3 months and after 6 months of intervention. Ninety-four obese adults completed the intervention. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare differences of metabolic dependent variables between the two independent variables, the low carbohydrate and low fat diet, at baseline, after 3 months and after 6 months of intervention. Results The Participants in low carbohydrate diet group had greater decrease in the prevalence of MetS. At the baseline, according to the ATP III criteria, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 44.4% (24/54) in low carbohydrate diet group and 60% (24/40) in low fat diet group. The prevalence of MetS was decreased significantly to 16.7% (9/54) after 3 months and to 3.7% (2/54) after 6 months in low carbohydrate diet (p < 0.001). Moreover, the prevalence of MetS was decreased significantly to 32.5 (13/40) after 3 months and to 22.5% (9/40) after 6 months in low fat diet (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between low carbohydrate diet & low fat diet at the baseline (p-value = 0.136) and after 3 months and after 6 months of intervention. Conclusions Both low carbohydrate diet and low fat diet have significant effects on reducing the prevalence of MetS in obese adults when followed up for 6 months. Compared to low fat diet, low carbohydrate diet had greater effect in reducing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Both diet programs were found to be effective in improving the metabolic state of obese adults. Trial registration The trial is registered retrospectively at the US National Institutes of Health (ClinicalTrials.gov). The registration in the US National Institutes of Health was done in 23/12/2020 with the registration number: NCT04681924.

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