Subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolic function and insulin sensitivity in people with obesity

Diabetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. db210160
Author(s):  
Han-Chow E. Koh ◽  
Stephan van Vliet ◽  
Terri A. Pietka ◽  
Gretchen A. Meyer ◽  
Babak Razani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

scholarly journals Response of Mitochondrial Respiration in Adipose Tissue and Muscle to 8 Weeks of Endurance Exercise in Obese Subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Hoffmann ◽  
Patrick Schneeweiss ◽  
Elko Randrianarisoa ◽  
Günter Schnauder ◽  
Lisa Kappler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Respiratory Capacity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract Context Exercise training improves glycemic control and increases mitochondrial content and respiration capacity in skeletal muscle. Rodent studies suggest that training increases mitochondrial respiration in adipose tissue. Objective To assess the effects of endurance training on respiratory capacities of human skeletal muscle and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and to study the correlation with improvement in insulin sensitivity. Design Using high-resolution respirometry, we analyzed biopsies from 25 sedentary (VO2 peak 25.1 ± 4.0 VO2 mL/[kg*min]) subjects (16 female, 9 male; 29.8 ± 8.4 years) with obesity (body mass index [BMI] 31.5 ± 4.3 kg/m2), who did not have diabetes. They performed a supervised endurance training over 8 weeks (3 × 1 hour/week at 80% VO2 peak). Results Based on change in insulin sensitivity after intervention (using the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index [ISIMats]), subjects were grouped in subgroups as responders (>15% increase in ISIMats) and low-responders. The response in ISIMats was correlated to a reduction of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue volume. Both groups exhibited similar increases in fitness, respiratory capacity, and abundance of mitochondrial enzymes in skeletal muscle fibers. Respiratory capacities in subcutaneous adipose tissue were not altered by the intervention. Compared with muscle fibers, adipose tissue respiration showed a preference for β-oxidation and complex II substrates. Respiratory capacities were higher in adipose tissue from female participants. Conclusion Our data show that the improvement of peripheral insulin sensitivity after endurance training is not directly related to an increase in mitochondrial respiratory capacities in skeletal muscle and occurs without an increase in the respiratory capacity of subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Adiponectin expression in adipose tissue is reduced in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (2) ◽  
pp. E443-E448 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Lihn ◽  
T. Østergård ◽  
B. Nyholm ◽  
S. B. Pedersen ◽  
B. Richelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Adiponectin Mrna ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Adiponectin is suggested to be an important mediator of insulin resistance. Therefore, we investigated the association between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in 22 healthy first-degree relatives (FDR) to type 2 diabetic patients and 13 matched control subjects. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were taken before and after a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. FDR subjects were insulin resistant, as indicated by a reduced Mvalue (4.44 vs. 6.09 mg · kg−1· min−1, P < 0.05). Adiponectin mRNA expression was 45% lower in adipose tissue from FDR compared with controls ( P < 0.01), whereas serum adiponectin was similar in the two groups (6.4 vs. 6.6 μg/ml, not significant). Insulin infusion reduced circulating levels of adiponectin moderately (11–13%) but significantly in both groups ( P < 0.05). In the control group, adiponectin mRNA levels were negatively correlated with fasting insulin ( P < 0.05) and positively correlated with insulin sensitivity ( P < 0.05). In contrast, these associations were not found in the FDR group. In conclusion, FDR have reduced adiponectin mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissue but normal levels of circulating adiponectin. Adiponectin mRNA levels are positively correlated with insulin sensitivity in control subjects but not in FDR. These findings indicate dysregulation of adiponectin gene expression in FDR.

scholarly journals miR-30a Remodels Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Inflammation to Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Obesity

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2541-2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Hee Koh ◽  
Natasha Chernis ◽  
Pradip K. Saha ◽  
Liuling Xiao ◽  
David A. Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Improve Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Catecholamine and insulin control of lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue during long-term diet-induced weight loss in obese women

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (2) ◽  
pp. E226-E232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrien Koppo ◽  
Michaela Siklová-Vitková ◽  
Eva Klimčáková ◽  
Jan Polák ◽  
Marie A. Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of the adrenergic and insulin-mediated regulation of lipolysis during different phases of a 6-mo dietary intervention. Eight obese women underwent a 6-mo dietary intervention consisting of a 1-mo very low-calorie diet (VLCD) followed by a 2-mo low-calorie diet (LCD) and 3-mo weight maintenance (WM) diet. At each phase of the dietary intervention, microdialysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) was performed at rest and during a 3-h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Responses of dialysate glycerol concentration (DGC) were determined at baseline and during local perfusions with adrenaline or adrenaline and phentolamine before and during the last 30 min of the clamp. Dietary intervention induced a body weight reduction and an improved insulin sensitivity. DGC progressively decreased during the clamp, and this decrease was similar during the different phases of the diet. The adrenaline-induced increase in DGC was higher at VLCD and LCD compared with baseline condition and returned to prediet levels at WM. In the probe with adrenaline and phentolamine, the increase in DGC was higher than that in the adrenaline probe at baseline and WM, but it was not different at VLCD and LCD. The results suggest that the responsiveness of SCAT to adrenaline-stimulated lipolysis increases during the calorie-restricted phases due to a reduction of the α2-adrenoceptor-mediated antilipolytic action of adrenaline. At WM, adrenaline-stimulated lipolysis returned to the prediet levels. Furthermore, no direct relationship between insulin sensitivity and the diet-induced changes in the regulation of lipolysis was found.

scholarly journals Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity through reduction in muscle lipid and redistribution of lipid into adipose tissue

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (5) ◽  
pp. E930-E934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Rasouli ◽  
Ulrika Raue ◽  
Leslie M. Miles ◽  
Tong Lu ◽  
Gina B. Di Gregorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Muscle Lipid ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Patients with insulin resistance often manifest increased intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) along with increased visceral adipose tissue. This study was designed to determine whether the insulin sensitizer drugs pioglitazone and metformin would improve glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity by decreasing IMCL. In this study, 23 generally healthy subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were randomized to receive either pioglitazone 45 mg/day or metformin 2,000 mg/day for 10 wk. Before and after treatment, we measured insulin sensitivity and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue with CT scanning. In addition, muscle biopsies were performed for measurement of IMCL and muscle oxidative enzymes. After treatment with pioglitazone, 2-h glucose fell from 9.6 mmol/l (172 mg/dl) to 6.1 mmol/l (119 mg/dl), whereas there was no change in 2-h glucose with metformin. With pioglitazone treatment, there was a 65% increase in insulin sensitivity along with a 34% decrease in IMCL (both P ≤ 0.002). This decrease in IMCL was not due to increased muscle lipid oxidation, as there were no changes in muscle lipid oxidative enzymes. However, pioglitazone resulted in a 2.6-kg weight gain along with a significant decrease in the visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio. In contrast, metformin treatment resulted in no change in insulin sensitivity, IMCL, oxidative enzymes, or adipose tissue volumes. Pioglitazone improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by reducing IMCL. This reduction in IMCL was not due to an increase in muscle lipid oxidation but to a diversion of lipid from ectopic sites into subcutaneous adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Subcutaneous adipose tissue zinc-α2-glycoprotein is associated with adipose tissue and whole-body insulin sensitivity

Obesity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1821-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Balaz ◽  
Marek Vician ◽  
Zuzana Janakova ◽  
Timea Kurdiova ◽  
Martina Surova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Effect of training on insulin sensitivity of glucose uptake and lipolysis in human adipose tissue

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (2) ◽  
pp. E376-E385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bente Stallknecht ◽  
Jens J. Larsen ◽  
Kari J. Mikines ◽  
Lene Simonsen ◽  
Jens Bülow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Training increases insulin sensitivity of both whole body and muscle in humans. To investigate whether training also increases insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue, we performed a three-step hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp in eight endurance-trained (T) and eight sedentary (S) young men [insulin infusion rates: 10,000 ( step I), 20,000 ( step II), and 150,000 ( step III) μU · min−1 · m−2]. Glucose and glycerol concentrations were measured in arterial blood and also by microdialysis in interstitial fluid in periumbilical, subcutaneous adipose tissue and in quadriceps femoris muscle (glucose only). Adipose tissue blood flow was measured by 133Xe washout. In the basal state, adipose tissue blood flow tended to be higher in T compared with S subjects, and in both groups blood flow was constant during the clamp. The change from basal in arterial-interstitial glucose concentration difference was increased in T during the clamp but not in S subjects in both adipose tissue and muscle [adipose tissue: step I ( n = 8), 0.48 ± 0.18 mM (T), 0.23 ± 0.11 mM (S); step II ( n = 8), 0.19 ± 0.09 (T), −0.09 ± 0.24 (S); step III( n = 5), 0.47 ± 0.24 (T), 0.06 ± 0.28 (S); (T: P < 0.001, S: P > 0.05); muscle: step I ( n = 4), 1.40 ± 0.46 (T), 0.31 ± 0.21 (S); step II ( n = 4), 1.14 ± 0.54 (T), −0.08 ± 0.14 (S); step III( n = 4), 1.23 ± 0.34 (T), 0.24 ± 0.09 (S); (T: P < 0.01, S: P > 0.05)]. Interstitial glycerol concentration decreased faster in T than in S subjects [half-time: T, 44 ± 9 min ( n = 7); S, 102 ± 23 min ( n = 5); P < 0.05]. In conclusion, training enhances insulin sensitivity of glucose uptake in subcutaneous adipose tissue and in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, interstitial glycerol data suggest that training also increases insulin sensitivity of lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Insulin per se does not influence subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow.

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