Markers Of Remodeling In Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Are Associated With The Amount Of Abdominal Adipose Tissue, Overweight And Insulin Sensitivity In Healthy Middle Aged Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. e257
Author(s):  
S. Åkra ◽  
T.B. Opstad ◽  
T.A. Aksnes ◽  
I. Seljeflot
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

scholarly journals Interleukin-18 and the NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 inflammasome in adipose tissue are strongly associated with glucometabolic variables in a cohort of middle-aged men

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sissel Åkra ◽  
Tonje A Aksnes ◽  
Arnljot Flaa ◽  
Heidi B Eggesbø ◽  
Trine Baur Opstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interleukin 18 ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Genetic Expression ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Pyrin Domain ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background: Previous studies have indicated an association between interleukin-18 and glucose. Interleukin-18 becomes active when cleaved by caspase-1, activated by the NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 inflammasome. Aim: To investigate associations between glucometabolic variables and serum levels of interleukin-18 and genetic expression of interleukin-18, caspase-1 and NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 in adipose tissue and circulating leukocytes, and whether these mediators are related to the amount of abdominal adipose tissue . Materials and Methods: Fasting blood samples and subcutaneous adipose tissue were collected in a cohort of 103 middle-aged men. Serum levels of interleukin-18 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction and insulin sensitivity by glucose clamp. The distribution of abdominal adipose tissue, separated into superficial- and deep subcutaneous, and visceral adipose tissue, was assessed by computed tomography scan. Results: Glucometabolic variables correlated significantly to serum levels of interleukin-18, and to the expression of interleukin-18 and NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 in subcutaneous adipose tissue ( p < 0.05). Significant correlations were further observed between the amount of fat in the different compartments of abdominal adipose tissue and both serum levels of interleukin-18 and genetic expression of interleukin-18 and NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 in adipose tissue. Conclusion: The results implicate that the glucometabolic state is of importance for the inflammasome-related inflammation expressed both circulatory and genetically in subcutaneous adipose tissue, the latter highly reflected in the amount of abdominal adipose tissue.

Subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolic function and insulin sensitivity in people with obesity

Diabetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. db210160
Author(s):  
Han-Chow E. Koh ◽  
Stephan van Vliet ◽  
Terri A. Pietka ◽  
Gretchen A. Meyer ◽  
Babak Razani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

scholarly journals Response of Mitochondrial Respiration in Adipose Tissue and Muscle to 8 Weeks of Endurance Exercise in Obese Subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Hoffmann ◽  
Patrick Schneeweiss ◽  
Elko Randrianarisoa ◽  
Günter Schnauder ◽  
Lisa Kappler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Respiratory Capacity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract Context Exercise training improves glycemic control and increases mitochondrial content and respiration capacity in skeletal muscle. Rodent studies suggest that training increases mitochondrial respiration in adipose tissue. Objective To assess the effects of endurance training on respiratory capacities of human skeletal muscle and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and to study the correlation with improvement in insulin sensitivity. Design Using high-resolution respirometry, we analyzed biopsies from 25 sedentary (VO2 peak 25.1 ± 4.0 VO2 mL/[kg*min]) subjects (16 female, 9 male; 29.8 ± 8.4 years) with obesity (body mass index [BMI] 31.5 ± 4.3 kg/m2), who did not have diabetes. They performed a supervised endurance training over 8 weeks (3 × 1 hour/week at 80% VO2 peak). Results Based on change in insulin sensitivity after intervention (using the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index [ISIMats]), subjects were grouped in subgroups as responders (&gt;15% increase in ISIMats) and low-responders. The response in ISIMats was correlated to a reduction of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue volume. Both groups exhibited similar increases in fitness, respiratory capacity, and abundance of mitochondrial enzymes in skeletal muscle fibers. Respiratory capacities in subcutaneous adipose tissue were not altered by the intervention. Compared with muscle fibers, adipose tissue respiration showed a preference for β-oxidation and complex II substrates. Respiratory capacities were higher in adipose tissue from female participants. Conclusion Our data show that the improvement of peripheral insulin sensitivity after endurance training is not directly related to an increase in mitochondrial respiratory capacities in skeletal muscle and occurs without an increase in the respiratory capacity of subcutaneous adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Subcutaneous adipose tissue free fatty acid uptake measured using positron emission tomography and adipose biopsies in humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. E194-E199
Author(s):  
Yanli Cao ◽  
Nicola Gathaiya ◽  
Qiaojun Han ◽  
Bradley J. Kemp ◽  
Michael D. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Palmitate Uptake ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals can noninvasively measure free fatty acid (FFA) uptake into adipose tissue. We studied 29 volunteers to test whether abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue FFA uptake measured using [1-11C]palmitate PET agrees with FFA storage rates measured using an intravenous bolus of [1-14C]palmitate and adipose biopsies. The dynamic left ventricular cavity PET images combined with blood sample radioactivity corrected for the 11CO2 content were used to create the blood time activity curve (TAC), and the constant ( Ki) was determined using Patlak analysis of the TACs generated for regions of interest in abdominal subcutaneous fat. These data were used to calculate palmitate uptake rates in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (µmol·kg−1·min−1). Immediately after the dynamic imaging, a static image of the thigh was taken to measure the standardized uptake value (SUV) in thigh adipose tissue, which was scaled to each participant’s abdominal adipose tissue SUV to calculate thigh adipose palmitate uptake rates. Abdominal adipose palmitate uptake using PET [1-11C]palmitate was correlated with, but significantly ( P < 0.001) greater than, FFA storage measured using [1-14C]palmitate and adipose biopsy. Thigh adipose palmitate measured using PET calculation was positively correlated ( R2 = 0.44, P < 0.0001) with and not different from the biopsy approach. The relative differences between PET measured abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue palmitate uptake and biopsy-measured palmitate storage were positively correlated ( P = 0.03) with abdominal subcutaneous fat. We conclude that abdominal adipose tissue FFA uptake measured using PET does not equate to adipose FFA storage measured using biopsy techniques.

Adiponectin expression in adipose tissue is reduced in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (2) ◽  
pp. E443-E448 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Lihn ◽  
T. Østergård ◽  
B. Nyholm ◽  
S. B. Pedersen ◽  
B. Richelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Adiponectin Mrna ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Adiponectin is suggested to be an important mediator of insulin resistance. Therefore, we investigated the association between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in 22 healthy first-degree relatives (FDR) to type 2 diabetic patients and 13 matched control subjects. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were taken before and after a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. FDR subjects were insulin resistant, as indicated by a reduced Mvalue (4.44 vs. 6.09 mg · kg−1· min−1, P < 0.05). Adiponectin mRNA expression was 45% lower in adipose tissue from FDR compared with controls ( P < 0.01), whereas serum adiponectin was similar in the two groups (6.4 vs. 6.6 μg/ml, not significant). Insulin infusion reduced circulating levels of adiponectin moderately (11–13%) but significantly in both groups ( P < 0.05). In the control group, adiponectin mRNA levels were negatively correlated with fasting insulin ( P < 0.05) and positively correlated with insulin sensitivity ( P < 0.05). In contrast, these associations were not found in the FDR group. In conclusion, FDR have reduced adiponectin mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissue but normal levels of circulating adiponectin. Adiponectin mRNA levels are positively correlated with insulin sensitivity in control subjects but not in FDR. These findings indicate dysregulation of adiponectin gene expression in FDR.

scholarly journals miR-30a Remodels Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Inflammation to Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Obesity

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2541-2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Hee Koh ◽  
Natasha Chernis ◽  
Pradip K. Saha ◽  
Liuling Xiao ◽  
David A. Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Improve Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Catecholamine and insulin control of lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue during long-term diet-induced weight loss in obese women

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (2) ◽  
pp. E226-E232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrien Koppo ◽  
Michaela Siklová-Vitková ◽  
Eva Klimčáková ◽  
Jan Polák ◽  
Marie A. Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of the adrenergic and insulin-mediated regulation of lipolysis during different phases of a 6-mo dietary intervention. Eight obese women underwent a 6-mo dietary intervention consisting of a 1-mo very low-calorie diet (VLCD) followed by a 2-mo low-calorie diet (LCD) and 3-mo weight maintenance (WM) diet. At each phase of the dietary intervention, microdialysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) was performed at rest and during a 3-h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Responses of dialysate glycerol concentration (DGC) were determined at baseline and during local perfusions with adrenaline or adrenaline and phentolamine before and during the last 30 min of the clamp. Dietary intervention induced a body weight reduction and an improved insulin sensitivity. DGC progressively decreased during the clamp, and this decrease was similar during the different phases of the diet. The adrenaline-induced increase in DGC was higher at VLCD and LCD compared with baseline condition and returned to prediet levels at WM. In the probe with adrenaline and phentolamine, the increase in DGC was higher than that in the adrenaline probe at baseline and WM, but it was not different at VLCD and LCD. The results suggest that the responsiveness of SCAT to adrenaline-stimulated lipolysis increases during the calorie-restricted phases due to a reduction of the α2-adrenoceptor-mediated antilipolytic action of adrenaline. At WM, adrenaline-stimulated lipolysis returned to the prediet levels. Furthermore, no direct relationship between insulin sensitivity and the diet-induced changes in the regulation of lipolysis was found.

Reduction in intra-abdominal adipose tissue after strength training in older women

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1425-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Treuth ◽  
G. R. Hunter ◽  
T. Kekes-Szabo ◽  
R. L. Weinsier ◽  
M. I. Goran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Regional Body Composition ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a total body strength-training program on changes in total and regional body composition, in particular intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT), in older women. Fourteen healthy older women (mean age 67 +/- 1 yr) exercised 3 times/wk for 16 wk. Strength was assessed by one-repetition maximum tests, with training intensity gradually increased to approximately 67% of one repetition maximum. Body composition was measured by hydrodensitometry and regional body composition was measured by computed tomography. Strength was significantly increased in the upper (51%) and lower body (65%). There was no significant change in body weight (64.4 +/- 2.7 vs. 64.2 +/- 2.7 kg), total body fat (38.7 +/- 1.4 vs. 38.0 +/- 1.6%) or fat-free mass (39.7 +/- 1.0 vs. 40.0 +/- 0.9 kg). However, after ST, there were significant reductions in IAAT (143.9 +/- 13.3 vs. 130.0 +/- 12.4 cm2), the IAAT-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (0.48 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.44 +/- 0.04), and midthigh subcutaneous adipose tissue (141.7 +/- 11.5 vs. 133.6 +/- 10.8 cm2) and an increase in midthigh muscle (52.9 +/- 2.6 vs. 58.0 +/- 2.0 cm2) (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, significant reductions in IAAT and an increase in strength and muscle area were observed after a strength-training program in healthy older women. These changes may be important in preventing the negative health outcomes associated with the age-related increase in intra-abdominal obesity.

Effects of a physiological GH pulse on interstitial glycerol in abdominal and femoral adipose tissue

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (5) ◽  
pp. E848-E854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Højbjerg Gravholt ◽  
Ole Schmitz ◽  
Lene Simonsen ◽  
Jens Bülow ◽  
Jens Sandahl Christiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Stimulation Of

Physiologically, growth hormone (GH) is secreted in pulses with episodic bursts shortly after the onset of sleep and postprandially. Such pulses increase circulating levels of free fatty acid and glycerol. We tested whether small GH pulses have detectable effects on intercellular glycerol concentrations in adipose tissue, and whether there would be regional differences between femoral and abdominal subcutaneous fat, by employing microdialysis for 6 h after administration of GH (200 μg) or saline intravenously. Subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) was measured by the local Xenon washout method. Baseline of interstitial glycerol was higher in adipose tissue than in blood [220 ± 12 (abdominal) vs. 38 ± 2 (blood) μmol/l, P < 0.0005; 149 ± 9 (femoral) vs. 38 ± 2 (blood) μmol/l, P < 0.0005] and higher in abdominal adipose tissue compared with femoral adipose tissue ( P < 0.0005). Administration of GH induced an increase in interstitial glycerol in both abdominal and femoral adipose tissue (ANOVA: abdominal, P = 0.04; femoral, P = 0.03). There was no overall difference in the response to GH in the two regions during the study period as a whole (ANOVA: P = 0.5), but during peak stimulation of lipolysis abdominal adipose tissue was, in absolute but not in relative terms, stimulated more markedly than femoral adipose tissue (ANOVA: P = 0.03 from 45 to 225 min). Peak interstitial glycerol values of 253 ± 37 and 336 ± 74 μmol/l were seen after 135 and 165 min in femoral and abdominal adipose tissue, respectively. ATBF was not statistically different in the two situations (ANOVA: P = 0.7). In conclusion, we have shown that a physiological pulse of GH increases interstitial glycerol concentrations in both femoral and abdominal adipose tissue, indicating activated lipolysis. The peak glycerol increments after GH were higher in abdominal adipose tissue, perhaps due to a higher basal rate of lipolysis in this region.

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