Comment on Ekblad et al. Insulin Resistance Predicts Cognitive Decline: An 11-Year Follow-up of a Nationally Representative Adult Population Sample. Diabetes Care 2017;40:751–758

Background/Aims: Association between cigarette smoke and albuminuria (UA) was already demonstrated in cross-sectional studies and in selected population samples (i.e diabetic patients). This study aims to evaluate, prospectively, the relationship between cigarette smoke and UA in a male adult population sample, with basal normal kidney function, participating in the Olivetti Heart Study (OHS). Methods: Among 994 participants, examined in both 1994-95 and 2002-04, were selected those resulted in both visits smokers (n=221) and non-smokers (n=416) and with basal normal kidney function (GFR> 60 mL/min) and basal albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR< 30 mg/g). Results: At baseline, the prevalence of hypertension was 41%, diabetes affected 6.3% and obesity 17% of the whole sample. Smokers showed statistically significant lower levels of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and BMI (p< 0.001) compared to non-smokers. There were not basal differences in UA, GFR and metabolic profile. However, at follow-up examination, smokers showed a statistically significant increase in SBP and DBP (p< 0.05), but not in GFR and BMI. Moreover, smokers showed a higher risk compared to non-smokers to be in the higher median levels group of UA (OR: 2.17, C.I.95%: 1.51-3.13; p < 0.001), even after correction for major confounding factors. Further adjustment for basal antihypertensive and hypoglycemic treatment did not change these patterns of association. Conclusion: In a selected male adult population sample, cigarette smoke was independently associated with the development of higher levels of albuminuria over time.

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Persistent depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in older adults

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.2018.155 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 213 (5) ◽

pp. 638-644 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Fanfan Zheng ◽

Baoliang Zhong ◽

Xiaoyu Song ◽

Wuxiang Xie

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cumulative Exposure ◽

Orientation Function ◽

Longitudinal Association ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

English Longitudinal Study ◽

Cognitive Data

BackgroundLittle is known about the effect of persistent depressive symptoms on the trajectory of cognitive decline.AimsWe aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between the duration of depressive symptoms and subsequent cognitive decline over a 10-year follow-up period.MethodThe English Longitudinal Study of Ageing cohort is a prospective and nationally representative cohort of men and women living in England aged ≥50 years. We examined 7610 participants with two assessments of depressive symptoms at wave 1 (2002–2003) and wave 2 (2004–2005), cognitive data at wave 2 and at least one reassessment of cognitive function (wave 3 to wave 7, 2006–2007 to 2014–2015).ResultsThe mean age of the 7610 participants was 65.2 ± 10.1 years, and 57.0% were women. Of these, 1157 (15.2%) participants had episodic depressive symptoms and 525 participants (6.9%) had persistent depressive symptoms. Compared with participants without depressive symptoms at wave 1 and wave 2, the multivariable-adjusted rates of global cognitive decline associated with episodic depressive symptoms and persistent depressive symptoms were faster by –0.065 points/year (95% CI –0.129 to –0.000) and –0.141 points/year (95% CI –0.236 to –0.046), respectively (P for trend < 0.001). Similarly, memory, executive and orientation function also declined faster with increasing duration of depressive symptoms (all P for trend < 0.05).ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that depressive symptoms were significantly associated with subsequent cognitive decline over a 10-year follow-up period. Cumulative exposure of long-term depressive symptoms in elderly individuals could predict accelerated subsequent cognitive decline in a dose-response pattern.Declaration of interestNone.

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Comment on Garofolo et al. Insulin Resistance and Risk of Major Vascular Events and All-Cause Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes: A 10-Year Follow-up Study. Diabetes Care 2020;43:e139–e141

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc20-2934 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. e79-e80

Author(s):

José-Miguel González-Clemente ◽

Gemma Llauradó ◽

Lara Albert ◽

Olga Giménez-Palop ◽

Eugenia Berlanga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetes Care ◽

Vascular Events ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

All Cause Mortality

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Epidemiology of the extent of recreational noise exposure and hearing protection use: cross-sectional survey in a nationally representative UK adult population sample

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09602-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Christopher J. Armitage ◽

Michael T. Loughran ◽

Kevin J. Munro

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Adult Population ◽

Population Sample ◽

Hearing Protection ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Gains ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Uk

Abstract Background Hearing loss is prevalent and disabling, yet little is known about the extent of recreational noise exposure and hearing protection use. The aim of the present research was to estimate the extent of recreational noise exposure and hearing protection use in a sample representative of the UK adult population. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 10,401 UK adults who were representative of the population. Results More than 7000 people (n = 7590, 73.0%) reported exposure to recreational noise excluding headphone and earphone use in the last 12 months. Just 158 people (2.1%) reported wearing hearing protection for every noisy recreational activity. Age (younger people) and beliefs of a behavioral (as opposed to genetic) cause of hearing loss were predictive of both higher recreational noise exposure and greater hearing protection use. Men were more exposed to recreational noise but women were less likely to use hearing protection. Conclusions For the first time, the present research quantifies the recreational noise exposure and low levels of hearing protection use in a representative sample of the UK population. The biggest public health gains are likely to be achieved through interventions targeted at younger people and in explaining behavioral (as opposed to genetic) causes of hearing loss.

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Intakes of magnesium, calcium and risk of fatty liver disease and prediabetes

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980018000642 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 2088-2095 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Wenshuai Li ◽

Xiangzhu Zhu ◽

Yiqing Song ◽

Lei Fan ◽

Lijun Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Drinking Status ◽

Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveObesity and insulin resistance play important roles in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mg intake is linked to a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance; people with NAFLD or alcoholic liver disease are at high risk of Mg deficiency. The present study aimed to investigate whether Mg and Ca intakes were associated with risk of fatty liver disease and prediabetes by alcohol drinking status.DesignWe analysed the association between Ca or Mg intake and fatty liver disease, prediabetes or both prediabetes and fatty liver disease in cross-sectional analyses.SettingThird National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) follow-up cohort of US adults.SubjectsNationally representative sample of US adults in NHANES (n 13 489).ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, Mg intake was associated with approximately 30 % reduced odds of fatty liver disease and prediabetes, comparing the highest intake quartile v. the lowest. Mg intake may only be related to reduced odds of fatty liver disease and prediabetes in those whose Ca intake is less than 1200 mg/d. Mg intake may also only be associated with reduced odds of fatty liver disease among alcohol drinkers.ConclusionsThe study suggests that high intake of Mg may be associated with reduced risks of fatty liver disease and prediabetes. Further large studies, particularly prospective cohort studies, are warranted to confirm the findings.

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