Diminished Serum Insulin Response to Glucose in Genetic Prediabetic Males with Normal Glucose Tolerance

Diabetes ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Soeldner ◽  
R. E. Gleason ◽  
R. F. Williams ◽  
M. J. Garcia ◽  
D. M. Beardwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Insulin Response To Glucose

STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETES IN ACROMEGALY

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Luft ◽  
Erol Cerasi ◽  
Carl Axel Hamberger
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Insulin Response To Glucose ◽  
Active Acromegaly ◽  
Plasma Insulin Response

ABSTRACT Plasma insulin response to glucose infusion was found to be markedly increased in 20 patients with active acromegaly and with normal intravenous glucose tolerance. The insulin response was more pronounced in patients with highly active acromegaly than in those showing moderately active disease. In five patients with active acromegaly and with decreased glucose tolerance the insulin response was delayed and smaller than normal, i. e. similar to that seen in diabetic subjects without acromegaly. After successful treatment of the acromegaly insulin response to glucose infusion was normalized in the patients with normal glucose tolerance. In those with decreased glucose tolerance the diabetic type of insulin response remained unchanged even when the glucose tolerance was normalized. It is suggested that diabetes in connection with acromegaly develops only in prediabetic individuals, i.e. subjects with decreased insulin response to hyperglycaemia, who are unable to overcome the diabetogenic effect of growth hormone by compensatory hyperinsulinism.

Effects of exercise and lack of exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 512-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Heath ◽  
J. R. Gavin ◽  
J. M. Hinderliter ◽  
J. M. Hagberg ◽  
S. A. Bloomfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Insulin Binding ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Physically trained individuals have a markedly blunted insulin response to a glucose load and yet have normal glucose tolerance. This phenomenon has generally been ascribed to long-term adaptations to training which correlate with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and reduced adiposity. Our study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that residual effects of the last bouts of exercise play an important role in this phenomenon. Eight well-trained subjects stopped training for 10 days. There were no significant changes in VO2max (58.6 +/- 2.2 vs. 57.6 +/- 2.1 ml/kg), estimated percent body fat (12.5 +/- 0.7 vs. 12.5 +/- 0.8%), or body weight. The maximum rise in plasma insulin concentration in response to a 100-g oral glucose load was 100% higher after 10 days without exercise than when the subjects were exercising regularly. Despite the increased insulin levels, blood glucose concentrations were higher after 10 days without exercise. Insulin binding to monocytes also decreased with physical inactivity. One bout of exercise after 11 days without exercise returned insulin binding and the insulin and glucose responses to an oral 100-g glucose load almost to the initial “trained” value. These results support our hypothesis.

Clinical, endocrine and metabolic effects of acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, in PCOS patients with increased insulin response and normal glucose tolerance

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 2066-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilliana Ciotta ◽  
Aldo E. Calogero ◽  
Marco Farina ◽  
Vincenzo De Leo ◽  
Antonio La Marca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitor ◽  
Normal Glucose

scholarly journals Regional Variations of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in Japanese Participants With Normal Glucose Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiriko Watanabe ◽  
Moritake Higa ◽  
Yoshimasa Hasegawa ◽  
Akihiro Kudo ◽  
Richard C. Allsopp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Normal Glucose

Purpose: Regional differences in dietary patterns in Asian countries might affect the balance of insulin response and sensitivity. However, this notion is yet to be validated. To clarify the regional differences in the insulin response and sensitivity and their relationship to nutrients, we compared the insulin secretory response during an oral glucose tolerance test in Japanese participants.Methods: This observational retrospective cohort study analyzed the data from participants with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) from four distinct areas of Japan with regard to the food environment: Fukushima, Nagano, Tokushima, and Okinawa based on data available in the Japanese National Health Insurance database.Results: Although the glucose levels were comparable among the four regions, the insulin responses were significantly different among the regions. This difference was observed even within the same BMI category. The plot between the insulin sensitivity index (Matsuda index) and insulinAUC/glucoseAUC or the insulinogenic index showed hyperbolic relationships with variations in regions. The indices of insulin secretion correlated positively with fat intake and negatively with the intake of fish, carbohydrate calories, and dietary fiber.Conclusions: We found that significant regional differences in insulin response and insulin sensitivity in Japanese participants and that nutritional factors may be linked to these differences independently of body size/adiposity. Insulin response and insulin sensitivity can vary among adult individuals, even within the same race and the same country, and are likely affected by environmental/lifestyle factors as well as genetic traits.

PLASMA CORTICOSTEROID, PLASMA INSULIN AND BLOOD SUGAR OF NORMAL FASTING AND DIABETIC SUBJECTS WITH OR WITHOUT HYPERCORTICISM

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Harding Asfeldt ◽  
Kai R. Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin Response

ABSTRACT Transient, maximum stimulation with β1–24 corticotrophin has been carried out in nine normal fasting subjects, in two fasting diabetics without hypercorticism and in three fasting diabetics with hypercorticism. Fluorimetric determinations of corticosteroids and determinations of immunological detectable insulin in plasma and blood sugar were made during stimulation. No significant variation in the blood sugar or the plasma insulin during transient, maximum ACTH stimulation was found either in normal fasting subjects or in fasting diabetics with or without hypercorticism. Moreover, in two diabetics with hypercorticism the plasma insulin response was measured during an oral glucose tolerance test. After treatment for approximately seven months with glucocorticosteroids, a reduced glucose tolerance and an increased plasma insulin response were found in one of these two patients. Four and a half months after the termination of steroid treatment, normal glucose tolerance and normal insulin responses were observed. In one patient, after several years of hypercorticism, a reduced glucose tolerance and a markedly reduced plasma insulin response were found.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Insulin Clearance to Metabolic Demand is a Key Determinant of Glucose Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
Amalia Gastaldelli ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Ghani ◽  
Ralph A. DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Insulin Clamp ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Obese Subjects

With the development of insulin resistance (IR), there is a compensatory increase in the plasma insulin response to offset the defect in insulin action in order to maintain normal glucose tolerance. The insulin response is the result of two factors: insulin secretion and metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCR<sub>I</sub>). <p>T2DM subjects (104 NGT, 57 IGT, and 207), divided in non-obese and obese groups, received a euglycemic insulin-clamp (40 mU/m<sup>2</sup>.min) and OGTT (75-grams) on separate days. MCR<sub>I</sub> was calculated during the insulin-clamp performed with 3-3H-glucose and the OGTT and related to IR: peripheral (glucose uptake during insulin clamp), hepatic (basal EGPxFPI), and adipocyte (fasting FFAxFPI).</p> <p>MCR<sub>I</sub> during the insulin-clamp was reduced in obese versus non-obese NGT (0.60±0.03 vs 0.73±0.02 L/min.m<sup>2</sup>, p<0.001), in non-obese IGT (0.62±0.02, p<0.004) and in non-obese T2DM (0.68±0.02, p<0.03). The MCR<sub>I</sub> during the insulin-clamp was strongly and inversely correlated with IR (r=-0.52, p<0.0001). During OGTT the MCR<sub>I</sub> suppressed within 15-30 minutes in NGT and IGT subjects and remained suppressed. In contrast, there was minimal suppression in T2DM. </p> <p>In conclusion, the development of IR in obese subjects is associated with decline in MCR<sub>I</sub> that represents a compensatory response to maintain normal glucose tolerance but is impaired in T2DM individuals.</p>

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