Early Presentation of Type 2 Diabetes in Mexican-American Youth

A major challenge in evaluating the contribution of rare variants to complex disease is identifying enough copies of the rare alleles to permit informative statistical analysis. To investigate the contribution of rare variants to the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related traits, we performed deep whole-genome analysis of 1,034 members of 20 large Mexican-American families with high prevalence of T2D. If rare variants of large effect accounted for much of the diabetes risk in these families, our experiment was powered to detect association. Using gene expression data on 21,677 transcripts for 643 pedigree members, we identified evidence for large-effect rare-variant cis-expression quantitative trait loci that could not be detected in population studies, validating our approach. However, we did not identify any rare variants of large effect associated with T2D, or the related traits of fasting glucose and insulin, suggesting that large-effect rare variants account for only a modest fraction of the genetic risk of these traits in this sample of families. Reliable identification of large-effect rare variants will require larger samples of extended pedigrees or different study designs that further enrich for such variants.

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Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Use among Non-Hispanic White, Mexican American, and Vietnamese American Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved ◽

10.1353/hpu.2014.0178 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 1941-1955 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Hannah Nguyen ◽

Dara H. Sorkin ◽

John Billimek ◽

Sherrie H. Kaplan ◽

Sheldon Greenfield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Alternative Medicine ◽

Complementary And Alternative Medicine ◽

Mexican American ◽

Vietnamese American ◽

Cam Use ◽

Hispanic White ◽

Complementary And Alternative

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Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.676979 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Juan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga ◽

Dora A. Martinez ◽

Alvaro Diaz-Badillo ◽

Liza D. Morales ◽

Rector Arya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Mexican American ◽

Robust Regression ◽

Rio Grande Valley ◽

Rio Grande ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Cell Counts

The Rio Grande Valley (RGV) in South Texas has one of the highest prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the United States (US). We report for the first time the T2D prevalence in persons with HIV (PWH) in the RGV and the interrelationship between T2D, cardiometabolic risk factors, HIV-related indices, and antiretroviral therapies (ART). The PWH in this study received medical care at Valley AIDS Council (VAC) clinic sites located in Harlingen and McAllen, Texas. Henceforth, this cohort will be referred to as Valley AIDS Council Cohort (VACC). Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using retrospective data obtained from 1,827 registries. It included demographic and anthropometric variables, cardiometabolic traits, and HIV-related virological and immunological indices. For descriptive statistics, we used mean values of the quantitative variables from unbalanced visits across 20 months. Robust regression methods were used to determine the associations. For comparisons, we used cardiometabolic trait data obtained from HIV-uninfected San Antonio Mexican American Family Studies (SAMAFS; N = 2,498), and the Mexican American population in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES; N = 5,989). The prevalence of T2D in VACC was 51% compared to 27% in SAMAFS and 19% in HHANES, respectively. The PWH with T2D in VACC were younger (4.7 years) and had lower BMI (BMI 2.43 units less) when compared to SAMAFS individuals. In contrast, VACC individuals had increased blood pressure and dyslipidemia. The increased T2D prevalence in VACC was independent of BMI. Within the VACC, ART was associated with viral load and CD4+ T cell counts but not with metabolic dysfunction. Notably, we found that individuals with any INSTI combination had higher T2D risk: OR 2.08 (95%CI 1.67, 2.6; p < 0.001). In summary, our results suggest that VACC individuals may develop T2D at younger ages independent of obesity. The high burden of T2D in these individuals necessitates rigorously designed longitudinal studies to draw potential causal inferences and develop better treatment regimens.

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Early presentation of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young New Zealand Maori

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.1016/s0168-8227(99)00003-0 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 205-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

N.M. McGrath ◽

G.N. Parker ◽

P. Dawson

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

New Zealand ◽

Early Presentation

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Farming for life: impact of medical prescriptions for fresh vegetables on cardiometabolic health for adults with or at risk of type 2 diabetes in a predominantly Mexican-American population

BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health ◽

10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000133 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. bmjnph-2020-000133

Author(s):

David Kerr ◽

Souptik Barua ◽

Namino Glantz ◽

Casey Conneely ◽

Mary Kujan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

At Risk ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Mexican American ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Pain Level ◽

Fresh Vegetable ◽

Fresh Vegetables

IntroductionPoor diet is the leading cause of poor health in USA, with fresh vegetable consumption below recommended levels. We aimed to assess the impact of medical prescriptions for fresh (defined as picked within 72 hours) vegetables, at no cost to participants on cardiometabolic outcomes among adults (predominantly Mexican-American women) with or at risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsBetween February 2019 and March 2020, 159 participants (122 female, 75% of Mexican heritage, 31% with non-insulin treated T2D, age 52.5 (13.2) years) were recruited using community outreach materials in English and Spanish, and received prescriptions for 21 servings/week of fresh vegetable for 10 weeks. Pre-post comparisons were made of weight; waist circumference; blood pressure; Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, a measure of long-term blood glucose control); self-reported sleep, mood and pain; vegetable, tortilla and soda consumption. After obtaining devices for this study, 66 of 72 participants asked, agreed to wear blinded continuous glucose monitors (CGM).ResultsPaired data were available for 131 participants. Over 3 months, waist circumference fell (−0.77 (95% CI −1.42 to 0.12) cm, p=0.022), as did systolic blood pressure (SBP) (−2.42 (95% CI −4.56 to 0.28) mm Hg, p=0.037), which was greater among individuals with baseline SBP >130 mm Hg (−7.5 (95% CI −12.4 to 2.6) mm Hg, p=0.005). Weight reduced by −0.4 (−0.7 to –0.04) kg, p=0.029 among women. For participants with baseline HbA1c >7.0%, HbA1c fell by −0.35 (-0.8 to –0.1), p=0.009. For participants with paired CGM data (n=40), time in range 70–180 mg/dL improved (from 97.4% to 98.9%, p<0.01). Food insecurity (p<0.001), tortilla (p<0.0001) and soda (p=0.013) consumption significantly decreased. Self-reported sleep, mood and pain level scores also improved (all p<0.01).ConclusionsMedical prescriptions for fresh vegetables were associated with clinically relevant improvements in cardiovascular risk factors and quality of life variables (sleep, mood and pain level) in adults (predominantly Mexican-American and female) with or at risk of T2D.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03940300.

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IMMUNOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS SUBMITTED TO METABOLIC SURGERY

ABCD Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) ◽

10.1590/s0102-6720201500040012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 266-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marisa de Carvalho BORGES ◽

Guilherme Azevedo TERRA ◽

Tharsus Dias TAKEUTI ◽

Betânia Maria RIBEIRO ◽

Alex Augusto SILVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Insulin Dose ◽

Low Grade ◽

Ileal Interposition ◽

Insulin Metabolism ◽

Early Presentation

Background: Immunological and inflammatory mechanisms play a key role in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aim: To raise the hypothesis that alterations in immunological parameters occur after duodenojejunal bypass surgery combined with ileal interposition without gastrectomy, and influences the insulin metabolism of betacells. Methods: Seventeen patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under clinical management were submitted to surgery and blood samples were collected before and six months after surgery for evaluation of the serum profile of proinflammatory (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17A) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10). In addition, anthropometric measures, glucose levels and insulin use were evaluated in each patient. Results: No changes in the expression pattern of proinflammatory cytokines were observed before and after surgery. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in IL-10 expression, which coincided with a reduction in the daily insulin dose, glycemic index, and BMI of the patients. Early presentation of food to the ileum may have induced the production of incretins such as GLP-1 and PYY which, together with glycemic control, contributed to weight loss, diabetes remission and the consequent good surgical prognosis of these patients. In addition, the control of metabolic syndrome was responsible for the reduction of IL-10 expression in these patients. Conclusion: These findings suggest the presence of low-grade inflammation in these patients during the postoperative period, certainly as a result of adequate glycemic control and absence of obesity, contributing to a good outcome of surgery.

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