scholarly journals Insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and glucose effectiveness in nonobese individuals with varying degrees of glucose tolerance

Diabetes Care ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Taniguchi ◽  
M. Fukushima ◽  
M. Sakai ◽  
I. Nagata ◽  
K. Doi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Effectiveness

Immediate enhancement of first-phase insulin secretion and unchanged glucose effectiveness in patients with type 2 diabetes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (6) ◽  
pp. E535-E544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoffer Martinussen ◽  
Kirstine N. Bojsen-Møller ◽  
Carsten Dirksen ◽  
Siv H. Jacobsen ◽  
Nils B. Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Effectiveness ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
First Phase Insulin Secretion

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) in patients with type 2 diabetes often leads to early disease remission, and it is unknown to what extent this involves improved pancreatic β-cell function per se and/or enhanced insulin- and non-insulin-mediated glucose disposal (glucose effectiveness). We studied 30 obese patients, including 10 with type 2 diabetes, 8 with impaired glucose tolerance, and 12 with normal glucose tolerance before, 1 wk, and 3 mo after RYGB, using an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) to estimate first-phase insulin response, insulin sensitivity (Si), and glucose effectiveness with Bergman's minimal model. In the fasting state, insulin sensitivity was estimated by HOMA-S and β-cell function by HOMA-β. Moreover, mixed-meal tests and oral GTTs were performed. In patients with type 2 diabetes, glucose levels normalized after RYGB, first-phase insulin secretion in response to iv glucose increased twofold, and HOMA-β already improved 1 wk postoperatively, with further enhancements at 3 mo. Insulin sensitivity increased in the liver (HOMA-S) at 1 wk and at 3 mo in peripheral tissues (Si), whereas glucose effectiveness did not improve significantly. During oral testing, GLP-1 responses and insulin secretion increased regardless of glucose tolerance. Therefore, in addition to increased insulin sensitivity and exaggerated postprandial GLP-1 levels, diabetes remission after RYGB involves early improvement of pancreatic β-cell function per se, reflected in enhanced first-phase insulin secretion to iv glucose and increased HOMA-β. A major role for improved glucose effectiveness after RYGB was not supported by this study.

Glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness in normal and overweight hyperthyroid women

1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Angeles Gonzalo ◽  
Carlos Grant ◽  
Inmaculada Moreno ◽  
Fernando J. Garcia ◽  
Ana Isabel Suárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Effectiveness

Insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glucose effectiveness in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: A minimal model analysis

Metabolism ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 714-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ataru Taniguchi ◽  
Yoshikatsu Nakai ◽  
Mitsuo Fukushima ◽  
Hiroo Imura ◽  
Hitomi Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Minimal Model ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Glucose Effectiveness

Population-based modeling to demonstrate extrapancreatic effects of tolbutamide

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (4) ◽  
pp. E758-E771 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rostami-Hodjegan ◽  
S. R. Peacey ◽  
E. George ◽  
S. R. Heller ◽  
G. T. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Effectiveness ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Extrapancreatic Effects

Tolbutamide is used increasingly as an investigative tool in in vivo studies of the physiology of glucose tolerance. Its hypoglycemic effect in nondiabetic subjects is widely variable, reflecting possible variability in its pharmacokinetics, an insulinergic response, an extrapancreatic effect of the drug, or the hypoglycemic effect of insulin itself. Using population-based modeling, we have investigated the kinetics and dynamics of tolbutamide and assessed covariates in two groups of healthy subjects. The results indicate a high variability in insulinergic effect, measured by the area under of the curve of insulin (0–60 min), in response to tolbutamide injection (coefficient of variation = 29–96%). However, it appears that impaired insulin sensitivity is compensated by higher insulin secretion in response to tolbutamide. Thus the hypoglycemic effect of high insulin secretion is minimal in insulin-resistant subjects. Application of the model indicated that tolbutamide has appreciable extrapancreatic effects mediated by prolongation of the residence time of insulin in a remote effect and by enhancement of glucose effectiveness. An effect in increasing the insulin sensitivity index is also possible but could not be confirmed statistically for all groups of subjects studied. These observations may explain inconsistencies between the results of tolbutamide and insulin injection in the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and call for further study of insulin- vs. tolbutamide-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests in the assessment of the insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness indexes.

scholarly journals Impaired adaptation of first-phase insulin secretion in postmenopausal women with glucose intolerance

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (4) ◽  
pp. E701-E707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Ahrén ◽  
Giovanni Pacini
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Hepatic Extraction ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Effectiveness ◽  
First Phase Insulin Secretion

This study examined whether insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness, and hepatic extraction of insulin are altered in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed in postmenopausal women (age 63 yr, body mass index range 21.6–28.9 kg/m2) with IGT ( n = 10) or normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 10). Insulin sensitivity (SI) was significantly lower in IGT than in NGT ( P = 0.030). In contrast, insulin secretion was not significantly different between the two groups as determined by area under the curve for insulin and C-peptide, acute insulin response to glucose (AIRG), and glucose sensitivity of first-phase (φ1) or of second-phase (φ2) insulin secretion. In NGT ( r = −0.68, P = 0.029) but not in IGT ( r = −0.05, not significant), SIcorrelated negatively with φ1. The B-cell “adaptation index” (SI × φ1) was lower in IGT than in NGT [83 ± 25 vs. 171 ± 29 min−2/(mmol/l), P = 0.042]. Also, the B-cell “disposition index” (SItimes AIRG) was lower in IGT (83 ± 25 10−4min−1) than in NGT (196 ± 30 10−4min−1, P = 0.011). In contrast, glucose effectiveness or hepatic extraction of insulin was not different between IGT and NGT. We conclude that postmenopausal women with IGT fail to adequately adapt to lowered SI by increasing first-phase insulin secretion.

Association of plasma acylcarnitines with insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and prediabetes in a biracial cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110094
Author(s):  
Ibiye Owei ◽  
Nkiru Umekwe ◽  
Frankie Stentz ◽  
Jim Wan ◽  
Sam Dagogo-Jack
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Intravenous Glucose

The ability to predict prediabetes, which affects ∼90 million adults in the US and ∼400 million adults worldwide, would be valuable to public health. Acylcarnitines, fatty acid metabolites, have been associated with type 2 diabetes risk in cross-sectional studies of mostly Caucasian subjects, but prospective studies on their link to prediabetes in diverse populations are lacking. Here, we determined the association of plasma acylcarnitines with incident prediabetes in African Americans and European Americans enrolled in a prospective study. We analyzed 45 acylcarnitines in baseline plasma samples from 70 adults (35 African-American, 35 European-American) with incident prediabetes (progressors) and 70 matched controls (non-progressors) during 5.5-year (mean 2.6 years) follow-up in the Pathobiology of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort (POP-ABC) study. Incident prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance) was confirmed with OGTT. We measured acylcarnitines using tandem mass spectrometry, insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, and insulin secretion using intravenous glucose tolerance test. The results showed that progressors and non-progressors during POP-ABC study follow-up were concordant for 36 acylcarnitines and discordant for nine others. In logistic regression models, beta-hydroxy butyryl carnitine (C4-OH), 3-hydroxy-isovaleryl carnitine/malonyl carnitine (C5-OH/C3-DC), and octenoyl carnitine (C8:1) were the only significant predictors of incident prediabetes. The combined cut-off plasma levels of <0.03 micromol/L for C4-OH, <0.03 micromol/L for C5-OH/C3-DC, and >0.25 micromol/L for C8:1 acylcarnitines predicted incident prediabetes with 81.9% sensitivity and 65.2% specificity. Thus, circulating levels of one medium-chain and two short-chain acylcarnitines may be sensitive biomarkers for the risk of incident prediabetes among initially normoglycemic individuals with parental history of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Vagotomy Reduces Insulin Clearance in Obese Mice Programmed by Low-Protein Diet in the Adolescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Lubaczeuski ◽  
Luciana Mateus Gonçalves ◽  
Jean Franciesco Vettorazzi ◽  
Mirian Ayumi Kurauti ◽  
Junia Carolina Santos-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Insulin Degrading Enzyme ◽  
Low Protein

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on insulin sensitivity, secretion, and degradation in metabolic programmed mice, induced by a low-protein diet early in life, followed by exposure to a high-fat diet in adulthood. Weaned 30-day-old C57Bl/6 mice were submitted to a low-protein diet (6% protein). After 4 weeks, the mice were distributed into three groups: LP group, which continued receiving a low-protein diet; LP + HF group, which started to receive a high-fat diet; and LP + HFvag group, which underwent vagotomy and also was kept at a high-fat diet. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in isolated islets, ipGTT, ipITT, in vivo insulin clearance, and liver expression of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) was accessed. Vagotomy improved glucose tolerance and reduced insulin secretion but did not alter adiposity and insulin sensitivity in the LP + HFvag, compared with the LP + HF group. Improvement in glucose tolerance was accompanied by increased insulinemia, probably due to a diminished insulin clearance, as judged by the lower C-peptide : insulin ratio, during the ipGTT. Finally, vagotomy also reduced liver IDE expression in this group. In conclusion, when submitted to vagotomy, the metabolic programmed mice showed improved glucose tolerance, associated with an increase of plasma insulin concentration as a result of insulin clearance reduction, a phenomenon probably due to diminished liver IDE expression.

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