scholarly journals Electrophysiology of Muscle Fatigue in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation on Manikin Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cobo-Vázquez ◽  
Gemma De Blas ◽  
Pablo García-Canas ◽  
María del Carmen Gasco-García,
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Chest Compressions ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Lumbar Muscle ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Spinal Muscles

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation requires the provider to adopt positions that could be dangerous for his or her spine, specifically affecting the muscles and ligaments in the lumbar zone and the scapular spinal muscles. Increased fatigue caused by muscular activity during the resuscitation could produce a loss of quality and efficacy, resulting in compromising resuscitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the maximum time a rescuer can perform uninterrupted chest compressions correctly without muscle fatigue. This pilot study was performed at Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain) with the population recruited following CONSORT 2010 guidelines. From the 25 volunteers, a total of 14 students were excluded because of kyphoscoliosis (4), lumbar muscle pain (1), anti-inflammatory treatment (3), or not reaching 80% of effective chest compressions during the test (6). Muscle activity at the high spinal and lumbar (L5) muscles was assessed using electromyography while students performed continuous chest compressions on a ResusciAnne manikin. The data from force exerted were analyzed according to side and muscle groups using Student's t test for paired samples. The influence of time, muscle group, and side was analyzed by multivariate analyses (p ≤ .05). At 2 minutes, high spinal muscle activity (right: 50.82 ± 9.95; left: 57.27 ± 20.85 μV/ms) reached the highest values. Activity decreased at 5 and 15 minutes. At 2 minutes, L5 activity (right: 45.82 ± 9.09; left: 48.91 ± 10.02 μV/ms) reached the highest values. After 5 minutes and at 15 minutes, activity decreased. Fatigue occurred bilaterally and time was the most important factor. Fatigue began at 2 minutes. Rescuers exert muscular countervailing forces in order to maintain effective compressions. This imbalance of forces could determine the onset of poor posture, musculoskeletal pain, and long-term injuries in the rescuer.

scholarly journals Patterns Of Circular And Radial Mantle Muscle Activity in Respiration and Jetting of the Squid Loligo Opalescens

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN M. GOSLINE ◽  
JOHN D. STEEVES ◽  
ANTHONY D. HARMAN ◽  
M. EDWIN DEMONT
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Elastic Recoil ◽  
Loligo Opalescens ◽  
Muscle Groups

1. By simultaneously recording the electromyographic (EMG) activity of squid mantle muscles, changes in mantle cavity pressure and changes in mantle diameter, we have been able to distinguish the pattern of radial muscle activity from circular muscle activity, and in so doing were able to determine the functional role of these muscle groups in motor behaviours. 2. Three distinguishable phases of activity appear during escape jets: (i), hyper-inflation brought about by the contraction of the radial muscles; (ii), the jet powered by the contraction of circular muscles; and (iii), refilling powered largely by the elastic recoil of the mantle wall, but with a small contribution from the radial muscles. 3. Two distinctly different patterns of muscular activity were seen in respiratory movements. One pattern (pattern I) is powered by the radial muscles alone, while the other (pattern II) is powered by the circular muscles alone. In both modes of respiration, the muscles are apparently antagonized by tissue elasticity. 4. Thus, the storage of elastic energy in the connective tissue fibre-lattice of the mantle wall plays a very important role in both modes of squid movement.

scholarly journals Low-profile elastic exosuit reduces back muscle fatigue

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik P. Lamers ◽  
Juliana C. Soltys ◽  
Keaton L. Scherpereel ◽  
Aaron J. Yang ◽  
Karl E. Zelik
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Back Muscle ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Lumbar Muscle ◽  
Lumbar Extension ◽  
Withdrawal Design

Abstract We investigated the extent to which an un-motorized, low-profile, elastic exosuit reduced the rate of fatigue for six lumbar extensor muscles during leaning. Six healthy subjects participated in an A-B-A (withdrawal design) study protocol, which involved leaning at 45º for up to 90 s without exosuit assistance (A1), then with assistance (B), then again without assistance (A2). The exosuit provided approximately 12–16 Nm of lumbar extension torque. We measured lumbar muscle activity (via surface electromyography) and assessed fatigue rate via median frequency slope. We found that five of the six subjects showed consistent reductions in fatigue rate (ranging from 26% to 87%) for a subset of lumbar muscles (ranging from one to all six lumbar muscles measured). These findings objectively demonstrate the ability of a low-profile elastic exosuit to reduce back muscle fatigue during leaning, which may improve endurance for various occupations.

Myoelectric Activity Differences in Three Learning Sessions

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Tiina Ritvanen ◽  
Reijo Koskelo ◽  
Osmo H„nninen
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Traditional Learning ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Language Laboratory ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Muscle Groups

Abstract This study follows muscle activity in three different learning sessions (computer, language laboratory, and normal classroom) while students were studying foreign languages. Myoelectric activity was measured in 21 high school students (10 girls, 11 boys, age range 17-20 years) by surface electromyography (sEMG) from the upper trapezius and frontalis muscles during three 45-min sessions. Root mean square (RMS) average from both investigated muscles was calculated. The EMG activity was highest in both muscle groups in the computer-aided session and lowest in the language laboratory. The girls had higher EMG activity in both investigated muscle groups in all three learning situations. The measured blood pressure was highest at the beginning of the sessions, decreased within 10 min, but increased again toward the end of the sessions. Our results indicate that the use of a computer as a teaching-aid evokes more constant muscle activity than the traditional learning situations. Since muscle tension can have adverse health consequences, more research is needed to determine optimal classroom conditions, especially when technical aids are used in teaching.

Investigating the effects of slipping on lumbar muscle activity, kinematics, and kinetics

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Rashedi ◽  
Bochen Jia ◽  
Maury A. Nussbaum ◽  
Thurmon E. Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Lumbar Muscle ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

Investigating the effects of slipping on lumbar muscle activity, kinematics, and kinetics

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1201-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Rashedi ◽  
Bochen Jia ◽  
Maury A. Nussbaum ◽  
Thurmon E. Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Lumbar Muscle ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

Simulate and sense force exertions during virtual patient transfer tasks

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 2092-2096
Author(s):  
Ken Chen ◽  
Rebecca Widmayer ◽  
Karen B. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Patient Lifting ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Specific Muscle ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Forceful Exertion ◽  
Lifting Task ◽  
Transfer Tasks

Virtual reality (VR) is commonplace for training, yet simulated physical activities in VR do not require trainees to engage and contract the muscle groups normally engaged in physical lifting. This paper presents a muscle activity-driven interface to elicit the sensation of forceful, physical exertions when lifting virtual objects. Users contracted and attained predefined muscle activity levels that were calibrated to user-specific muscle activity when lifting the physical counterpart. The overarching goal is to engage the appropriate muscles, and thereby encourage and elicit behaviors normally seen in the physical environment. Activities of 12 key muscles were monitored using electromyography (EMG) sensors while they performed a three-part patient lifting task in a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment. Participants reported higher task mental loads and less physical loads for the virtual lift than the physical lift. Findings suggest the potential to elicit sensation of forceful exertion via EMG feedback but needed fine-tuning to offset perceived workload.

scholarly journals Back-Support Exoskeleton Control Strategy for Pulling Activities: Design and Preliminary Evaluation

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Maria Lazzaroni ◽  
Tommaso Poliero ◽  
Matteo Sposito ◽  
Stefano Toxiri ◽  
Darwin G. Caldwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Measurements ◽  
Spinal Muscles ◽  
Forearm Muscle

The execution of manual material handling activities in the workplace exposes workers to large lumbar loads that increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders and low back pain. In particular, the redesign of the workplace is making the execution of pulling activities more common, as an alternative to lifting and carrying tasks. The biomechanical analysis of the task revealed a substantial activation of the spinal muscles. This suggests that the user may benefit from the assistance of a back-support exoskeleton that reduces the spinal muscle activity and their contribution to lumbar compression. This work addresses this challenge by exploiting the versatility of an active back-support exoskeleton. A control strategy was specifically designed for assisting pulling that modulates the assistive torques using the forearm muscle activity. These torques are expected to adapt to the user’s assistance needs and the pulled object mass, as forearm muscle activity is considered an indicator of grip strength. We devised laboratory experiments to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy. We found that, for the majority of the subjects, back muscle activity reductions were associated with the exoskeleton use. Furthermore, subjective measurements reveal advantages in terms of perceived support, comfort, ease of use, and intuitiveness.

A shock advisory algorithm to analyse through chest compressions for reducing interruptions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Resuscitation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenguang Liu ◽  
Stacy Gehman ◽  
Dawn Jorgenson ◽  
Tom Lyster ◽  
Jason Coult ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Chest Compressions

Chest compression efficacy of child resuscitators

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 448-455
Author(s):  
Tiffany Wai Shan Lau ◽  
Anthony Robert Lim ◽  
Kyra Anne Len ◽  
Loren Gene Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Chest Compression ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Chest Compressions ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Video Review ◽  
Brief Training

Background: Chest compression efficacy determines blood flow in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and relies on body mechanics, so resuscitator weight matters. Individuals of insufficient weight are incapable of generating a sufficient downward chest compression force using traditional methods. Aims: This study investigated how a resuscitator's weight affects chest compression efficacy, determined the minimum weight required to perform chest compressions and, for children and adults below this minimum weight, examine alternate means to perform chest compressions. Methods: Volunteers aged 8 years and above were enrolled to perform video-recorded, music-facilitated, compression-only CPR on an audible click-confirming manikin for 2 minutes, following brief training. Subjects who failed this proceeded to alternate modalities: chest compressions by jumping on the lower sternum; and squat-bouncing (bouncing the buttocks on the chest). These methods were assessed via video review. Findings: There were 57 subjects. The 30 subjects above 40kg were all able to complete nearly 200 compressions in 2 minutes. Success rates declined in those who weighed less than 40kg. Below 30 kg, only one subject (29.9 kg weight) out of 14 could achieve 200 effective compressions. Nearly all of the 23 subjects who could not perform conventional chest compressions were able to achieve effective chest compressions using alternate methods. Conclusion: A weight below 40kg resulted in a declining ability to perform standard chest compressions effectively. For small resuscitators, the jumping and squat-bouncing methods resulted in sufficient compressions most of the time; however, chest recoil and injuries are concerns.

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